CN106774481B - Device and system for controlling oxygen concentration in liquid LBE/Pb coolant - Google Patents
Device and system for controlling oxygen concentration in liquid LBE/Pb coolant Download PDFInfo
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- CN106774481B CN106774481B CN201611138150.4A CN201611138150A CN106774481B CN 106774481 B CN106774481 B CN 106774481B CN 201611138150 A CN201611138150 A CN 201611138150A CN 106774481 B CN106774481 B CN 106774481B
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002080 8 mol% Y2O3 fully stabilized ZrO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QUQMBZBYZFWOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M gadolinium(3+) oxygen(2-) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Gd+3] QUQMBZBYZFWOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010083687 Ion Pumps Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth Chemical class [Bi]=O CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
- G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
- G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, which can accurately control the oxygen concentration in the coolant by adopting a novel electrochemical oxygen pump device, so that a layer of compact oxide film is formed on the surface of steel, lead-based alloy is prevented from further penetrating into the steel, the corrosion prevention effect is achieved, the key technical difficulty of a lead-based fast reactor or an ADS system is solved, and the long-term safe operation of an experimental loop and the lead-based fast reactor is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid LBE/Pb (Lead-Bismuth alloy/pure Lead) coolant, in particular to a device and a system for controlling oxygen concentration in liquid LBE/Pb coolant.
Background
Because liquid lead-base alloy coolant has strong corrosiveness to reactor structural materials, oxygen concentration control technology is generally considered as the most effective liquid metal loop and lead-base fast reactor corrosion prevention means, and is one of key equipment for ensuring long-term safe operation of experimental loops and lead-base fast reactors. If a certain concentration of oxygen is dissolved in the lead-bismuth alloy, a layer of compact oxide film can be formed on the pipe wall of the loop to prevent the lead-bismuth alloy from further penetrating into the steel to play a role in corrosion prevention, so that the oxygen concentration control technology is generally considered as the most effective liquid metal loop corrosion prevention means. However, the oxygen concentration in the liquid metal must be maintained within reasonable limits, and if the upper limit is exceeded, excessive oxidation, precipitation of solid lead and bismuth oxides, formation of oxide residues, contamination of the entire liquid metal system, and possible deterioration of heat transfer and even clogging of pipes. If the oxygen concentration is too low, an oxide film protective layer cannot be formed on the pipe wall of the loop, and the corrosion prevention effect is difficult to achieve.
The main methods of oxygen control currently and internationally are two methods of gaseous oxygen control technology and solid oxygen control technology.
Gaseous oxygen control is a method of controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in lead bismuth by using a physicochemical reaction of the injected reaction gas. Initially with Ar/H 2 /O 2 The ternary gas realizes oxygen control, wherein Ar (argon) gas is used as carrier gas to dilute hydrogen H 2 Or oxygen O 2 Content effect of reducing H 2 The gas explosion is dangerous, but the gaseous oxygen control has low regulation speed and low oxygen supply efficiency, and the risk of radioactive gas leakage exists. The solid oxygen control technology mainly realizes high-efficiency, rapid and clean adjustment of the oxygen content in the liquid lead bismuth alloy by controlling the dissolution and precipitation of solid oxide, but the solid oxygen control cannot realize online supplementation, and lead oxide pellets are easy to pollute and poison.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a device and a system for controlling the oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, which can accurately control the oxygen concentration in the coolant, so that a layer of compact oxide film is formed on the surface of steel, lead-based alloy is prevented from further penetrating into the steel, the corrosion prevention effect is achieved, and long-term safe operation of an experimental loop and a lead-based fast reactor is ensured.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, at least including an electrochemical oxygen pump device and a gas replenishing device, wherein:
the electrochemical oxygen pump device comprises a stainless steel pipe, an insulating plug is arranged at the upper end of the stainless steel pipe, a conical or cylindrical solid electrolyte is connected at the lower end of the stainless steel pipe in a sealing way, the solid electrolyte is immersed in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, and oxygen source substances are contained in the solid electrolyte; two parallel conductive metal wires are arranged in the insulating plug in a penetrating way, wherein the lower end of the first conductive metal wire is inserted into an oxygen source substance, and the other end of the first conductive metal wire is connected with a current source and then connected into an LBE/Pb coolant; the lower end of the second conductive metal wire is connected with a heating plate and is inserted into the oxygen source substance together, and the other end of the second conductive metal wire is connected with a current source; a metal cover with holes is arranged on the periphery of the solid electrolyte;
the gas replenishing device includes: the device comprises an isolation valve, a regulating valve, a blower and an oxygen source substance storage tank which are sequentially connected through a gas supplementing pipeline, wherein the isolation valve is connected with one branch pipe at the upper end of the stainless steel pipe.
The stainless steel pipe is internally provided with a fixing bracket for fixing the two conductive metal wires, and at least part of the positions of the two conductive metal wires in the stainless steel pipe are sleeved with insulating pipes.
Wherein, a radioactive gas monitoring device for detecting the tightness of the electrochemical oxygen pump device is arranged in the branch pipe.
Wherein the solid electrolyte is a YSZ zirconium tube or a YSZ zirconium tube;
the conductive metal wire is made of molybdenum or tantalum,
the oxygen source substance is oxygen or air taking argon as a carrier.
The stainless steel tube and the solid electrolyte are connected in a ceramic-metal connection mode, and the ceramic-metal connection mode adopts one of mechanical packaging, graphite sealing, aluminum oxide ceramic sealing, high-temperature adhesive and welding modes.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, comprising:
the oxygen concentration device in the LBE/Pb coolant is characterized in that the lower end of a stainless steel pipe in the device is immersed in the LBE/Pb coolant outside the reactor core; the upper ends of the two conductive metal wires are connected with an ammeter;
one end of the control system is connected with the other end of the ammeter, the other end of the control system is connected with one working electrode, and the other end of the working electrode is inserted into the LBE/Pb coolant, and the control system comprises: PID control system, power control system, temperature control system;
an oxygen sensor for detecting the oxygen concentration in the LBE/Pb coolant.
The stainless steel pipe is internally provided with a fixing bracket for fixing the two conductive metal wires, and at least part of the positions of the two conductive metal wires in the stainless steel pipe are sleeved with insulating pipes.
Wherein, a radioactive gas monitoring device for detecting the tightness of the electrochemical oxygen pump device is arranged in the branch pipe.
Wherein the solid electrolyte is a YSZ zirconium tube or a YSZ zirconium tube;
the conductive metal wire is made of molybdenum or tantalum,
the oxygen source substance is oxygen or air taking argon as a carrier;
the working electrode is made of the following materials: platinum, lanthanum cobaltate, strontium cobaltate, lanthanum ferrite, strontium ferrite, cerium dioxide or gadolinium dioxide.
The stainless steel tube and the solid electrolyte are connected in a ceramic-metal connection mode, and the ceramic-metal connection mode adopts one of mechanical packaging, graphite sealing, aluminum oxide ceramic sealing, high-temperature adhesive and welding modes.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the voltage is adopted to drive the transmission of oxygen ions, and compared with the existing method for controlling the free diffusion of oxygen ions through gaseous oxygen, the method has the advantages of high ion exchange rate and short response time, and is convenient for transient regulation;
in the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the solid electrolyte can be regulated due to the self-heating function, so that the oxygen supply efficiency is improved;
in the embodiment of the invention, the gas supplementing device is arranged, so that the oxygen source solubility can be conveniently controlled, the integrity of the oxygen pump device can be detected, the oxygen pump is broken, a gas leakage pipeline can be rapidly blocked, the release of radioactive gas is prevented, and the containment of radioactive substances is realized;
in the embodiment of the invention, the position of the oxygen pump can be conveniently adjusted, which is beneficial to adjusting the uniformity of the oxygen concentration in the cooling liquid of the reactor;
in the embodiment of the invention, the metal outer cover with the holes is covered outside the solid electrolyte, so that broken fragments can be prevented from being introduced into the reactor after the solid electrolyte is broken, the thermal shock resistance of the oxygen pump is enhanced, and the reliability of the oxygen pump is improved;
in the embodiment of the invention, since the external shape of the solid electrolyte is improved to be a conical structure, the structure is more reliable in impact resistance than the conventional cylindrical structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the principle of an electrochemical oxygen pump employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of a system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for controlling oxygen concentration in the liquid LBE/Pb coolant of FIG. 2.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrochemical oxygen pump essentially controls the flow of oxygen ions by using the electrochemical cell principle, thereby adjusting the oxygen concentration of the cathode and anode on both sides of the solid electrolyte, which is generally applied to the purification and production of oxygen
The basic principle of the electrochemical oxygen pump is to control the input of conductive ions by adding voltage at two electrodes, so that the total reaction is carried out according to the expected direction. Here we use an oxygen ion solid electrolyte so this whole process can also be referred to as an electrochemical pumping process as shown in fig. 1.
When the electrochemical pump is used to precisely control the oxygen concentration in liquid Lead Bismuth/pure Lead, taking the oxygen concentration control in liquid Lead Bismuth alloy (LBE) as an example, the reaction at the anode side is:
Pb(l)+O 2- -2e - →PbO(dissolved)
by controlling the potential of the externally applied power supply, the speed and direction of the electrochemical reaction can be controlled, so that the solubility of PbO in the reaction environment can be controlled. While PbO has the following chemical equilibrium at a certain temperature:
therefore, on the basis of the known chemical equilibrium constant, the oxygen ion pump is gradually designed into a novel oxygen control device under certain improvement. By monitoring the solubility of PbO, the purpose of measuring and controlling the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead-bismuth alloy can be achieved. And thus may be installed in fourth generation reactors that utilize lead-based coolants to alleviate the corrosion problems of liquid lead or lead bismuth alloys.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant in accordance with the present invention; please refer to fig. 3. In an embodiment of the present invention, the system 2 at least includes: the device 1 for controlling the oxygen concentration in the liquid LBE/Pb coolant, the control system 203 and the oxygen sensor 205, wherein the device 1 for controlling the oxygen concentration in the liquid LBE/Pb coolant further comprises an electrochemical oxygen pump device 10 and a gas supplementing device 11. Wherein:
the electrochemical oxygen pump device 10 comprises a stainless steel pipe 103, an insulating plug 102 is arranged at the upper end of the stainless steel pipe, a conical or cylindrical solid electrolyte 109 is connected at the lower end of the stainless steel pipe in a sealing way, the solid electrolyte 109 is immersed in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, and oxygen source substances are contained in the solid electrolyte 109; two parallel conductive metal wires 101 are arranged in the insulating plug 102 in a penetrating way, wherein the lower end of a first conductive metal wire 101 is inserted into an oxygen source substance 108, the other end of the first conductive metal wire is connected with a current source and then is connected into an LBE/Pb coolant, and the first conductive metal wire can play a role of conducting electrons; the lower end of the second conductive metal wire 101 is connected with a heating plate 107 and is inserted into an oxygen source substance 108, the other end of the second conductive metal wire is connected with a current source, and the second conductive metal wire can play a role in controlling the temperature of an electrochemical oxygen pump; a perforated metal cover 106 is arranged on the periphery of the solid electrolyte 109; the lower end of the stainless steel tube 103 in the device is immersed in LBE/Pb coolant outside the reactor core; the upper ends of the two conductive metal wires 101 are connected with an ammeter 202;
the gas replenishing device 11 includes: an isolation valve 110, a regulating valve 111, a blower 112, and an oxygen source substance storage tank 113, which are sequentially connected through a gas supplementing pipe 115, the isolation valve 110 being connected to one branch 1030 at the upper end of the stainless steel pipe 103. When the oxygen source substance in the oxygen pump is deficient, the isolation valve 110 and the regulating valve 111 are correspondingly started, and the oxygen source substance 108 is extracted from the storage tank 113 through the blower 112 to supplement the oxygen pump.
A control system 203 having one end connected to the other end of the ammeter 202 and the other end connected to a working electrode 201, the other end of the working electrode 201 being inserted into the LBE/Pb coolant, the control system 203 comprising: PID control system, power control system, temperature control system; to operate the control system 203, a computer operating device 204 is connected to the control system 203.
An oxygen sensor 205 for detecting the oxygen concentration in the LBE/Pb coolant.
Wherein, a fixing bracket 105 for fixing the two conductive wires 101 is arranged in the stainless steel tube 103, and an insulating tube 104 is sleeved at least at part of the positions of the two conductive wires 101 in the stainless steel tube 103, so as to play a role of insulation.
It will be appreciated that the solid electrolyte 109 is tapered primarily for better impact resistance; since the solid electrolyte 109 is the most core component of the whole electrochemical oxygen pump, the perforated metal cover 106 is additionally arranged on the periphery of the solid electrolyte, so that the liquid LBE/Pb metal can pass through the perforated metal cover to contact with the solid electrolyte 109, and the impact of the LBE/Pb on the solid electrolyte 109 can be weakened. In addition, if the solid electrolyte 109 material breaks, the perforated metal casing 106 also blocks its fragments from entering the LBE loop to avoid it causing a loop blocking event;
in which a radioactive gas monitoring device 114 for detecting the tightness of the electrochemical oxygen pump device 10 is provided in the branch pipe 1030.
Wherein the solid electrolyte is an 8YSZ zirconium tube or a 5YSZ zirconium tube;
the conductive wire 101 is made of molybdenum or tantalum,
the oxygen source substance 108 is oxygen or air using argon as a carrier;
the working electrode 201 is made of the following materials: platinum, lanthanum cobaltate, strontium cobaltate, lanthanum ferrite, strontium ferrite, cerium dioxide or gadolinium dioxide.
The stainless steel tube and the solid electrolyte are connected in a ceramic-metal connection mode, and the ceramic-metal connection mode is one of a mechanical packaging mode, a graphite sealing mode, an alumina ceramic sealing mode, a high-temperature adhesive mode and a welding mode.
It will be appreciated that the height of the electrochemical oxygen pump device 10 in the liquid lead-based alloy may be adjusted according to design requirements.
In the present invention, oxygen ions are driven to be pumped into a liquid lead-based alloy from the oxygen-rich side (gas replenishing system) by applying a certain voltage across the oxygen pump solid electrolyte. Meanwhile, the oxygen pump has a heating function, and the oxygen supply efficiency is improved by controlling the temperature of the solid electrolyte. The gas supplementing device can realize the supplement of oxygen source substances, and simultaneously, the oxygen pump is broken, so that the gas leakage pipeline can be rapidly blocked, the release of radioactive gas is prevented, and the containment of radioactive substances is realized. The control system can realize automatic and accurate control of the oxygen concentration, and can detect the integrity of the oxygen pump in real time.
Specifically, the implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the voltage is adopted to drive the transmission of oxygen ions, and compared with the existing method for controlling the free diffusion of oxygen ions through gaseous oxygen, the method has the advantages of high ion exchange rate and short response time, and is convenient for transient regulation;
in the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the solid electrolyte can be regulated due to the self-heating function, so that the oxygen supply efficiency is improved;
in the embodiment of the invention, the gas supplementing device is arranged, so that the oxygen source solubility can be conveniently controlled, the integrity of the oxygen pump device can be detected, the oxygen pump is broken, a gas leakage pipeline can be rapidly blocked, the release of radioactive gas is prevented, and the containment of radioactive substances is realized;
in the embodiment of the invention, the position of the oxygen pump can be conveniently adjusted, which is beneficial to adjusting the uniformity of the oxygen concentration in the cooling liquid of the reactor;
in the embodiment of the invention, the metal outer cover with the holes is covered outside the solid electrolyte, so that broken fragments can be prevented from being introduced into the reactor after the solid electrolyte is broken, the thermal shock resistance of the oxygen pump is enhanced, and the reliability of the oxygen pump is improved;
in the embodiment of the invention, since the external shape of the solid electrolyte is improved to be a conical structure, the structure is more reliable in impact resistance than the conventional cylindrical structure.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and therefore, the equivalent changes according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for controlling the oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, comprising at least an electrochemical oxygen pump device (10) and a gas replenishing device (11), wherein:
the electrochemical oxygen pump device (10) comprises a stainless steel pipe (103), wherein the upper end of the stainless steel pipe is provided with an insulating plug (102), the lower end of the stainless steel pipe is connected with a conical or cylindrical solid electrolyte (109) in a sealing mode, the solid electrolyte (109) is immersed in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, and oxygen source substances are contained in the solid electrolyte (109); two parallel conductive metal wires (101) are arranged in the insulating plug (102) in a penetrating way, wherein the lower end of the first conductive metal wire (101) is inserted into an oxygen source substance (108), and the other end of the first conductive metal wire is connected with a current source and then connected into an LBE/Pb coolant; the lower end of the second conductive metal wire (101) is connected with a heating plate (107) and is inserted into an oxygen source substance (108) together, and the other end of the second conductive metal wire is connected with a current source; a perforated metal casing (106) is arranged on the periphery of the solid electrolyte (109);
the gas replenishing device (11) comprises: the device comprises an isolation valve (110), a regulating valve (111), a blower (112) and an oxygen source substance storage tank (113) which are sequentially connected through a gas supplementing pipeline (115), wherein the isolation valve (110) is connected with a branch pipe (1030) at the upper end of the stainless steel pipe (103).
2. A device for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a fixing bracket (105) for fixing the two conductive wires (101) is provided in the stainless steel tube (103), and that the two conductive wires (101) are provided with insulating tubes (104) at least partially in the stainless steel tube (103).
3. A device for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a radioactive gas monitoring device (114) for detecting the tightness of the electrochemical oxygen pump device (10) is arranged in said branch pipe (1030).
4. A device for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the solid electrolyte is an 8YSZ zirconium tube or a 5YSZ zirconium tube;
the conductive metal wire (101) is made of molybdenum or tantalum,
the oxygen source substance (108) is oxygen or air using argon as a carrier.
5. A device for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the stainless steel tube (103) is connected to the solid electrolyte (109) by a ceramic-metal connection, which is one of mechanical encapsulation, graphite sealing, alumina ceramic sealing, high temperature glue, soldering.
6. A system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant, comprising:
the LBE/Pb coolant oxygen concentration device of claim 1 in which the lower end of the stainless steel pipe (103) is immersed in the LBE/Pb coolant outside the core; the upper ends of the two conductive metal wires (101) are connected with an ammeter (202);
a control system having one end connected to the other end of the ammeter (202) and the other end connected to a working electrode (201), the other end of the working electrode (201) being inserted into the LBE/Pb coolant, the control system comprising: PID control system, power control system, temperature control system;
an oxygen sensor (205) for detecting the oxygen concentration in the LBE/Pb coolant.
7. A system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that a fixing bracket (105) for fixing the two conductive wires (101) is provided in the stainless steel tube (103), and that the two conductive wires (101) are covered with an insulating tube (104) at least at a part of the positions in the stainless steel tube (103).
8. A system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a radioactive gas monitoring device (114) for detecting tightness of the electrochemical oxygen pump device (10) is provided in said branch pipe (1030).
9. A system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8 wherein the solid electrolyte is an 8YSZ zirconium tube or a 5YSZ zirconium tube;
the conductive metal wire (101) is made of molybdenum or tantalum,
the oxygen source substance (108) is oxygen or air taking argon as a carrier;
the working electrode (201) is made of the following materials: platinum, lanthanum cobaltate, strontium cobaltate, lanthanum ferrite, strontium ferrite, cerium dioxide or gadolinium dioxide.
10. A system for controlling oxygen concentration in a liquid LBE/Pb coolant as claimed in claim 9 wherein the stainless steel tube (103) is connected to the solid electrolyte (109) by a ceramic-metal connection using one of mechanical encapsulation, graphite sealing, alumina ceramic sealing, high temperature glue, soldering.
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| CN109300565B (en) * | 2018-10-20 | 2024-01-19 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | System and method for removing radioactive substances in coolant |
| CN111007888A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 深圳大学 | Dissolved oxygen control system in liquid metal coolant |
| CN113390938B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-11-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Safety protection type liquid metal oxygen sensor |
| CN114057160A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | System and method for producing hydrogen in liquid heavy metal coolant device |
| WO2024077532A1 (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-18 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Online test apparatus and method for oxygen sensor in lead-bismuth reactor |
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