CN105732684B - 一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN105732684B
CN105732684B CN201610215676.1A CN201610215676A CN105732684B CN 105732684 B CN105732684 B CN 105732684B CN 201610215676 A CN201610215676 A CN 201610215676A CN 105732684 B CN105732684 B CN 105732684B
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孙宏枚
许槿
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Changshu intellectual property operation center Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,以化学式为Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2的混配型镍(II)配合物为催化剂、在甲醇钾的存在下高效地催化苯基氯代物与联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应以制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯,这是以亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾作为辅助配体的混配型镍(II)配合物催化这类交叉偶联反应的第一例。

Description

一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法。
背景技术
芳基硼酸酯类化合物是一类在有机合成领域中非常重要的合成中间体,因此如何简单高效地合成各类芳基硼酸酯类化合物受到了持续的关注(参见:Boronic Acids;Hall,D. G.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2005)。合成芳基硼酸酯的传统方法是卤代芳烃和三烷基硼酸酯在金属有机试剂(如有机锌试剂,格氏试剂)作用下发生反应,但是这一方法由于需用到敏感的金属有机试剂而有诸多限制(参见:Suzuki, A.; Brown, H. C.Organic Syntheses via Boranes; Aldrich Chemical Co.: Milwaukee, 2003; Vol.3)。为了避免上述金属有机试剂的使用,人们开发了过渡金属催化的卤代芳烃和硼试剂的交叉偶联反应来合成芳基硼酸酯,其中使用较多的是钯系催化剂(参见:Ishiyama, T.;Murata, M.; Miyaura, N.; J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7508);但是使用钯系催化剂也有一些缺点,最明显的就是其昂贵的价格。
与昂贵的钯系催化剂相比,镍系催化剂的价格是非常便宜的,在工业化应用中具有显著的成本优势。因此,开发镍系催化剂实现卤代芳烃与硼试剂的交叉偶联反应来合成芳基硼酸酯受到了越来越多的关注。例如,使用1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙基二氯化镍和1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷组成的催化体系,可以实现溴代芳烃与新戊二醇甲硼烷的交叉偶联;采用1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙基二氯化镍和1,1’- 双(二苯基膦)二茂铁组成的催化体系,以锌粉为添加剂,可以高效地催化碘代芳烃或溴代芳烃与新戊二醇甲硼烷的交叉偶联反应,该方法具有更好的底物适用性和更高的催化效率。这些结果表明相对廉价的镍系催化剂在合成芳基硼酸酯类化合物的卤代烃与硼试剂的交叉偶联反应中是有很大的应用前景的,但是这些方法也有一定的缺陷,如反应温度需要100℃的高温、催化剂用量需要10 mol %,尤其存在无法广泛应用于活性较低但价格更为便宜且种类繁多的氯代芳烃的问题。
以氟化铯为碱,以三甲基(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)硅烷为添加剂,以二(三甲基膦)二氯化镍为催化剂可以实现氯代芳烃与联硼酸频哪醇酯的交叉偶联反应,但是该方法的反应温度仍需要100℃的高温,而且需要使用毒性较大的三甲基膦和较昂贵的添加剂;使用二异丙基乙胺作碱,采用1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙基二氯化镍和三苯基膦组成的催化体系,可以实现溴代芳烃和氯代芳烃与四羟基二硼的交叉偶联反应以制备芳基硼酸;与之前的方法相比,该方法也存在一些弊端,主要有:(1)需要使用毒性较大的三苯基膦;(2)涉及的底物大部分为溴代芳烃,对活性较低、但廉价易得的氯代芳烃涉及相对较少;(3)对于大部分氯代芳烃底物仍需较高的反应温度,等等。因此,很有必要研发更多的催化体系,以高效的催化卤代芳烃,特别是氯代芳烃与硼试剂的交叉偶联反应。至今为止,还未见含亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物的报道,也未见其催化氯代芳烃和联硼酸新戊二醇酯之间的交叉偶联反应的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在甲醇钾的存在下,利用含亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物高效地催化苯基氯代物与联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应来合成芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯,其催化活性和底物适用性都显著优于现有技术。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的反应的方法,包括以下步骤,在惰性气体气氛中,依次加入催化剂、甲醇钾、联硼酸新戊二醇酯、苯基氯代物和有机溶剂,于40℃下反应6小时,即得到芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯;所述苯基氯代物为对氯苯酚、对氯苯胺、对氯甲二苯酮或者对氰基氯苯;所述催化剂的用量为苯基氯代物摩尔量的5%;所述催化剂的化学结构通式如下所示:
其中,R1为乙基或者异丙基;R2为2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基或叔丁基;X为溴或者氯。
反应结束后,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,通过柱层析提纯,进行定量分析,可得到产物收率。
上述技术方案中,所述惰性气体为氩气。
本发明的催化剂的化学式为Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2;其制备方法具体如下。
当X为溴的时候,制备上述混配型镍(II)配合物的方法包括以下步骤,惰性气体中,将二(亚磷酸酯)二溴化镍与氮杂环卡宾溶于溶剂中,于室温下反应2~4小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到镍(II)配合物,即为上述含亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物。
当X为氯的时候,制备上述混配型镍(II)配合物的方法包括以下步骤,惰性气体中,将二(三苯基膦)二氯化镍与氮杂环卡宾溶于溶剂中,于室温下反应2~4小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到含三苯基膦和氮杂环卡宾的镍(II)配合物;然后将此混配型镍(II)配合物与亚磷酸酯溶于溶剂中,于室温下反应1小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到镍(II)配合物,即为上述含亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物。
上述催化剂制备技术方案中,所述惰性气体为氩气;二(亚磷酸酯)二溴化镍与氮杂环卡宾的摩尔比为1:1;二(三苯基膦)二氯化镍与氮杂环卡宾的摩尔比为1:1;含三苯基膦和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物与亚磷酸酯的摩尔比是1:1;溶剂为四氢呋喃。溶剂的选择依据是可以溶解氮杂环卡宾,也能溶解含亚磷酸酯和氮杂环卡宾配体的混配型镍(II)配合物和含三苯基膦和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物;以及不含活性氢。例如:四氢呋喃。
上述技术方案中,催化剂、甲醇钾、联硼酸新戊二醇酯、苯基氯代物的摩尔比为0.05:1.5:1.5:1;本发明在温和的反应温度、较少的催化剂用量和较短的反应时间下能较高收率得到苯基新戊二醇酯,大大的优化了反应条件和提高了产物收率。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明公开的催化剂首次引入亚磷酸酯类配体,亚磷酸酯或者氮杂环卡宾中的取代基均可多样选择,从而开发出一类新的高效催化剂;可以高效地催化在甲醇钾存在下的苯基氯代物与联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应合成芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯,其催化活性和底物适用性均优于现有技术;反应简单易操作,产物易提纯、得率高。这类配合物具有明确结构,是在空气中也较稳定的固体,有利于大规模合成与应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例一:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3, R2=2,4,6-三甲基苯基,X = Br)的合成
将氮杂环卡宾(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C(0.2464g,0.8毫摩尔)加入到二(亚磷酸三乙酯)二溴化镍(0.4400克,0.8毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温反应2小时,真空除去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得红色固体,产率为68%。
对产物进行元素分析,结果如表1所示:
表1 元素分析结果
C:(%) H:(%) N:(%)
理论值 46.86 6.12 4.05
实际值 47.04 6.21 3.99
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:
将产物溶于C6D6中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6):δ 6.88 (s, 4H), 3.97 (s, 6H), 3.13 (s, 4H), 2.64 (s,12H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 1.02 (s, 9H) ppm。
实施例二:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3,R2 = 2,6-二异丙基苯基,X = Br)的合成
将氮杂环卡宾(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C(0.3627克,0.93毫摩尔)加入到二(亚磷酸三乙酯)二溴化镍(0.5115克,0.93毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温反应2小时,真空抽去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得红色晶体,产率为77 %。
对产物进行元素分析,结果如表2所示:
表2 元素分析
C:(%) H:(%) N:(%)
理论值 51.06 7.01 3.61
实际值 51.33 7.19 3.49
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:
将产物溶于C6D6中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6):δ 7.29 (s, 6H), 3.91 (d, 6H), 3.88 – 3.71 (m, 4H),3.58 (s, 4H), 1.75 (d, 12H), 1.18 (d, 12H), 1.02 (s, 9H) ppm。
实施例三:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH(CH3)2,R2 = 2,6-二异丙基苯基,X = Br)的合成
将氮杂环卡宾(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C(0.3627克,0.93毫摩尔)加入到二(亚磷酸三异丙酯)二溴化镍(0.5905克,0.93毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温反应3小时,真空抽去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得红黑色晶体,产率为70 %。
对产物进行元素分析,结果如表3所示:
表3 元素分析
C:(%) H:(%) N:(%)
理论值 52.84 7.39 3.42
实际值 53.11 7.51 3.28
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:将产物溶于C6D6中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6):δ 7.28 (s, 6H), 4.94(s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 4H), 3.57 (s, 4H), 1.73 (s, 12H), 1.16 (s, 30H) ppm。
实施例四:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3,R2 = C(CH3)3,X = Br)的合成
将氮杂环卡宾(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C(0.1438克,0.78毫摩尔)加入到二(亚磷酸三乙酯)二溴化镍(0.4290克,0.78毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温反应1小时,真空除去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以热甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得黄色固体,产率为60 %。对产物进行元素分析,结果如表4所示:
表4 元素分析
C:(%) H:(%) N:(%)
理论值 35.95 6.74 4.93
实际值 36.22 6.88 4.81
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:
将产物溶于C6D6中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6):δ 4.29 – 4.07 (m, 5H), 2.73 (t, 4H), 2.26 (s, 6H),2.00 (s, 9H), 1.10 (dt, 9H), 0.45 (s, 4H) ppm。
实施例五:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3,R2 = C(CH3)3,X = Cl)的合成
将氮杂环卡宾(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C(0.1438克,0.78毫摩尔)加入到二(三苯基膦)二氯化镍(0.5101克,0.78毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温反应1小时,真空除去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得粉红色固体,产率为65%。再将粉红色固体(0.2870克,0.5毫摩尔)与亚磷酸三乙酯(86微升,0.5毫摩尔)混合,加入四氢呋喃作为溶剂,室温反应1小时,真空抽去溶剂,以己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯,得黄色固体,产率为90 %。
对产物进行元素分析,结果如表5所示:
表5 元素分析
C:(%) H:(%) N:(%)
理论值 42.62 8.00 5.85
实际值 42.95 8.11 5.73
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:
将产物溶于C6D6中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6):δ 4.21 (dp, 6H), 2.91 – 2.59 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 6H),2.04 (s, 12H), 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.00 (t, 6H) ppm。
实施例六:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3, R2 = 2,4,6- 三甲基苯基,X=Br)催化的对氯苯酚和联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(17.3毫克,0.025毫摩尔,5 mol%)、甲醇钾(52.6毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、联硼酸新戊二醇酯(169.5毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、对氯苯酚(49微升,0.50毫摩尔),1.5 毫升1,4-二氧六环,于40℃下反应6 小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶5的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为54 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS):δ 7.70 (d, 2H), 6.81 (d, 2H),5.35 (s, 1H),3.75 (s, 4H), 1.01 (s, 6H) ppm。
实施例七:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3, R2 = 2,4,6- 三甲基苯基,X=Br)催化的对氯苯胺和联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(17.3毫克,0.025毫摩尔,5 mol%)、甲醇钾(52.6毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、联硼酸新戊二醇酯(169.5毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、对氯苯胺(63.8毫克,0.50毫摩尔),1.5 毫升1,4-二氧六环,于40℃下反应6 小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶5的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为66 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS):δ 7.61 (d, 2H), 6.66 (d, 2H),3.78 (s, 2H),3.74 (s, 4H), 1.01 (s, 6H) ppm。
实施例八:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3, R2 = 2,4,6-三甲基苯基,X=Br)催化的对氯二苯甲酮和联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(17.3毫克,0.025毫摩尔,5 mol %)、甲醇钾(52.6毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、联硼酸新戊二醇酯(169.5毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、对氯二苯甲酮(108毫克,0.50毫摩尔),1.5 毫升1,4-二氧六环,于40℃下反应6 小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为58 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3,TMS): δ 7.97 (d, 2H), 7.88 – 7.79 (m, 4H), 7.64(t, 1H), 7.53 (t, 2H), 3.86 (s, 4H), 1.10 (s, 6H) ppm。
实施例九:Ni[P(OR1)3][(R2NCH2CH2NR2)C]X2(R1 = CH2CH3, R2 = 2,4,6-三甲基苯基,X=Br)催化的对氰基氯苯和联硼酸新戊二醇酯的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(6.9毫克,0.01毫摩尔,2 mol %)、甲醇钾(52.6毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、联硼酸新戊二醇酯(169.5毫克,0.75毫摩尔)、对氰基氯苯(69毫克,0.50毫摩尔),1.5 毫升1,4-二氧六环,于40℃下反应6 小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为41 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3,TMS): δ 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.67 (d, 2H), 3.83 (s, 4H),1.08 (s, 6H) ppm。

Claims (6)

1.一种制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,包括以下步骤,在惰性气体气氛中,依次加入催化剂、甲醇钾、联硼酸新戊二醇酯、苯基氯代物和有机溶剂,于40℃下反应6小时,即得到芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯;所述苯基氯代物为对氯苯酚、对氯苯胺、对氯二苯甲酮或者对氰基氯苯;所述催化剂的用量为苯基氯代物摩尔量的5%;所述催化剂的化学结构通式如下所示:
其中,R1为乙基或者异丙基;R2为2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基或者叔丁基;X为溴或者氯。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,其特征在于:反应结束后,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,最后经过柱层析即得到芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,其特征在于:所述惰性气体为氩气;所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,其特征在于:催化剂、甲醇钾、联硼酸新戊二醇酯、苯基氯代物的摩尔比为0.05:1.5:1.5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,其特征在于,催化剂的制备为:
当X为溴的时候,惰性气体中,将二(亚磷酸酯)二溴化镍与氮杂环卡宾溶于溶剂中,室温下反应2~4小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到镍(II)配合物,即为催化剂;
当X为氯的时候,惰性气体中,将二(三苯基膦)二氯化镍与氮杂环卡宾溶于溶剂中,室温下反应2~4小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到含三苯基膦和氮杂环卡宾的镍(II)配合物;然后将此混配型镍(II)配合物与亚磷酸酯溶于溶剂中,室温下反应1小时;然后真空除去溶剂,剩余物经正己烷洗涤后以甲苯萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂甲苯得到镍(II)配合物,即为催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述制备芳基硼酸新戊二醇酯的方法,其特征在于:催化剂制备方法中,惰性气体为氩气;二(亚磷酸酯)二溴化镍与氮杂环卡宾的摩尔比为1:1;二(三苯基膦)二氯化镍与氮杂环卡宾的摩尔比为1:1;含三苯基膦和氮杂环卡宾的混配型镍(II)配合物与亚磷酸酯的摩尔比是1:1;溶剂为四氢呋喃。
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