CN1057324A - 纤维素废液的部分燃烧的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纤维素废液的部分燃烧的方法，
该方法使用一种装有液体喷枪和雾化喷嘴的燃烧器，
燃烧器与反应器连接，当供给含氧气体时进行部分燃
烧，反应器的操作压力范围为1.1～150巴，通过燃烧
器供给的含氧气体与通过燃烧器供给的废液中的固
体的重量比小于2∶1，至少有一半量的部分燃烧所
需求的非燃料结合氧由雾化喷嘴加到反应器中去。
Description
本发明涉及一种来自纤维素工业的纤维素废液的部分燃烧的方法，该方法使用一种与反应器相连接的燃烧器，当供给作为氧化剂的含氧气体时进行部分燃烧，该燃烧器包括装有喷嘴的液体喷枪，喷嘴位于喷枪的下游端，用作供给液体和大部分用作部分燃烧的非燃料结合氧。在喷嘴内或其附近，含氧气体与废液接触，然后分裂成发散的雾状物。
本发明的目的是通过使用一种在低空气/燃料比值和高压条件下的自点火火焰的燃烧器，以使纤维素废液的部分燃烧顺利进行。
纤维素工业产生的废液的组成取决于所采用的去木质工艺。就硫酸盐法制浆工业而言，所产生的废液通常称之为黑液，它含有宝贵的化学物品和以可燃烧的含碳化合物的形式存在的能量，目前，这些化学物品和能量通常在回收锅炉内回收，在锅炉内黑液被完全燃烧。
根据本发明，黑液在气化反应器里部分燃烧，产生含有H2，CO，CO2的可燃气体和无机化学品的熔融液滴。
纸浆漂白时，得到一种含有机物质和钠盐的稀溶液，机械的和半化学的制浆过程也产生组成各异的稀溶液，在本发明方法中所有这些废液和纤维素工业产生的废液经过浓缩后，可作为原料使用。
虽然下面介绍的本发明适用于黑液的处理，但其应用范围不仅仅局限于黑液这种特定液体。
黑液部分燃烧的机理很容易理解，这些机理特别适用于碱回收锅炉的下部，然而，本发明中的燃烧器与碱回收锅炉中的液体燃烧器的区别在于在回收锅炉燃烧器中，液体雾化程度低且没有轮廓分明的液体火焰，回收锅炉燃烧器与本发明中的燃烧器的另一个重要不同点是后者主要用于高压条件下的气化。
本发明中的燃烧器与经典的油燃烧器的一个主要区别是必须使用相当低量的空气或氧气载体形成稳定的火焰。
如下例所示，作为燃料的黑液具有相对低的热值和高含量的水和灰的特征：
干物质的热值 13GJ/ton干物质（DS）
元素组成 C29H34O20Na9S2
干固体含量 65%
粘度（100℃下） 100CSt
存在于黑液中的钠化合物及其固有的高氧含量使之成为一种很易反应的燃料，这就是说假如使用合适的燃烧器，火焰区的碳转化就已经很高，尽管这种燃烧是亚化学计量的。
对于获得稳定的黑液火焰、火焰的扩展以及高碳转化率来说，液体的雾化程度非常重要。黑液的流变学性质对雾化程度有重要意义，这种雾化可以通过一个给定喷嘴来实现。黑液的粘度可以通过比如加热和/或加入添加剂的方法来改变，在本发明中，黑液通常被加热至100℃。雾化时黑液的粘度最好低于200CSt。
雾化程度可以通过闪蒸液体至反应器的方法得到进一步的提高，在这种情形下，在反应器的操作压力下，液体被预热至沸点以上的温度。
现有一些不同类型的雾化喷嘴，但在本发明中，只有其中的少数几种适合于纤维素废液（如黑液）的雾化。
“双流体”喷嘴最适合本发明中的燃烧器，“双流体”喷嘴的一个共同特点是需要相对较高的气流速率以提供雾化所需的能量。这些喷嘴的另一个重要特点是随着雾化气体密度的增加，所得液滴的尺寸降低。根据两个流体相混合方式的不同，可以预见几种形成液滴的机理，如两带之间的剪切，球形液滴的结合和形成，以及液体雾状物的高湍流分解等。
本发明介绍了一种纤维素废液的有效的亚化学计量燃烧的方法，该方法使用一种与反应器相连接的燃烧器，当供给含氧气体时进行燃烧。本发明的特征在于通过燃烧器供给的含氧气体与通过燃烧器供给的废液的重量比低于2∶1，至少有一半的氧以含氧气体的形式由燃烧器供给反应器，这部分氧是废液的部分燃烧所必须的，它们通过喷嘴加到反应器中。
废液的有效雾化特别重要，在本发明中，这种雾化通过使废液与含氧气体在高压下在本发明燃烧器中直接接触而实现，接触在为此目的而特制的喷嘴内或其附近进行。废液通过液体喷枪加入反应器，它在加入燃烧器之前顶预热以降低其粘度。在喷枪的下游端，液体与雾化气体接触，通过这个过程，液体流动速度迅速增加，导致雾化废液的发散雾状物的形成。
如上所述，鉴于反应活性和灰、水的含量，废液是一种具不寻常性质的燃料，废液中的固体含高水平的结合氧，这就意味着，通过助燃空气提供的氧气量可以相对较少，对部分燃料来说更是如此。
对于废液的完全燃料来说，提供给反应器的氧根据化学计算比值为0.3～0.6，最好是0.35～0.5。供给反应器的空气、富氧空气或氧气的量相对于所供给的废液来说较低，使用空气作为氧化剂时，重量比低于2∶1，使用氧气作为氧化剂时，重量比低于0.4∶1。将非燃料结合氧的大部分（最好是80%以上）以含氧气体的形式供给反应器，这部分气体通过喷嘴与液体同时加入，废液的部分燃烧需要非燃料结合氧。喷嘴中含氧气体的流动速率应该在40m/s～350m/s的范围。
从废液的释放考虑，喷嘴可设计成环形间隙或环形开口的形式，喷嘴内废液与高速含氧气体接触，分裂成小液滴而形成发散的雾状物，在喷嘴的另一种设计中，废液与雾化气体通过三个或三个以上的排列对称的开口同时排出。
附图表示两种不同的“双流体”喷嘴，
图1表示一个“双流体”喷嘴的实施例的轴向剖面图;
图2为与图1相应的喷嘴的主视图，沿图1的Ⅲ-Ⅲ剖面线观察;
图3表示第二个“双流体”喷嘴的实施例的轴向剖面图;
图4为与图3相应的喷嘴的主视图，沿图3的Ⅴ-Ⅴ剖面线观察。
图1、2表明，在双液体喷嘴中，液体和气体相混后在高压下使之强迫通过几个对称排列的环形开口3。这些开口位于称之为Y-喷射雾化喷嘴的末端，喷嘴包含二根管路4和5，管4与外管6相连，用作供给黑液，管5与内同轴套管7相连，用作供给雾化气。从液体喷枪1的下部2，开口3产生发散雾化射流体，安装在液体喷枪的壳体10上的帽盖9使Y-喷射雾化器8就位。壳体10包住同轴套管6和7，黑液从进口管20加进液体喷枪，空气从另一进口管21加入。
图3、4为具有三个同轴套管11、12和13的燃烧器喷枪的实施例，空气通过外管11和内管13加入，而黑液由中间管12加入。如图所示，空气由18个均匀分布的小孔14和15分开，而黑液由环形间隙16强行加入，孔14向一个方向倾斜，孔15向相反的方向倾斜。黑液通过间隙16加入，遇到的端面板17使之被迫向内运动，此时以薄膜形式存在的黑液遇到由孔16进入的空气后雾化，这种初期的空气-黑液混合物与端面板17外面的附加空气相遇后，形成精细分散的黑液发散流体，黑液通过进口管20加到燃烧器中，而空气则通过两根进口管21加入。
当设计燃烧器时很大的注意力必须放在氧化剂和燃料的重量比上。
不同的燃料含不同量的化学结合氧，烟煤通常含4～10%的结合氧，燃料油含小于1%的结合氧。
根据干物质计算，黑液中的干固体含约35%（重量）的结合氧，这种情形对用作黑液燃烧的燃烧器的设计有影响，因为为了得到令人满意的燃烧水平，加入到反应器中的氧、空气或富氧空气的量相当少。
一些物质的化学计量燃烧的空气/燃料比值（重量）举例如下：
Antracite 空气/燃料 10-12∶1
乙醇 空气/燃料 9∶1
黑液 空气/燃料 4-5∶1
柴油/重油 空气/燃料 13-15∶1
本发明中设计的燃烧器在反应器中产生稳定的火焰，该反应器的操作压力最好高出环境0.1～150巴，温度在700～1400℃的范围。
影响燃烧器设计的因素有温度、液体在燃烧器内的流动速率和组成等，除了这些与热有关的影响因素外，燃烧器喷嘴还经受氧化和与硫的反应，这些作用对雾化度有不良影响，因而本发明中的喷嘴最好用循环液体进行冷却。
本发明优选实施例是使用氧气或富氧空气作为氧化剂，在这样的优选实施例中，部分燃烧所需要的全部（或接近于全部）氧气由喷嘴提供，以支持废液的雾化。
部分含氧气体可以通过环绕液体喷枪的同轴管道或通过一个或多个闸门加到反应器中去，为了补偿空气/燃料的低比值和达到合理的气流速率，所有含氧气体应该至少预热至100℃，最好是300℃，还应该给气体一个涡流运动，尤其使气体通过安装在同轴管中的涡流叶片来实现这种涡流运动。因而含氧气体的径向流动速率在很大程度上受所维持的轴向流动速率的影响。涡流燃烧器的主要原理是通过一个向着液体喷枪的内循环区来循环部分气体。这个内循环区有利于燃烧和火焰的稳定，循环的热气给液体雾状物的点火增加了能量。内循环区还可以作为热和反应气组分的供给站。
Claims (8)
1、使用装有液体喷枪和雾化喷嘴的燃烧器进行纤维素废液的部分燃烧的方法，燃烧器与操作压力为1.1～150巴的反应器相连接，当供给含氧气体时进行部分燃烧，其特征在于，通过燃烧器供给的含氧气体与通过燃烧器供给的废液的重量比小于2∶1，至少有一半量的部分燃烧所需求的非燃料结合氧通过雾化喷嘴加入反应器。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于含氧气体所供给的氧与废液的重量比低于0.4∶1。
3、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于部分燃烧所需求的含氧气体量的80%以上由喷嘴提供。
4、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于含氧气体主要是氧气或富氧空气。
5、根据权利要求1～4项中的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于喷嘴处气体与液体的流动速率为40～350m/s。
6、根据权利要求1～5项中的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于废液和含氧气体通过喷嘴上至少三个对称排列的开口加入。
7、根据权利要求1～6项中的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于废液通过喷嘴上的环形间隙或环形开口加入。
8、根据权利要求1～7项中的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于在通常反应器的压力下，加入到反应器中的纤维素废液的温度高于其沸点。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9001959A SE466212B (sv) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | Partiell foerbraenning av svartlut med en braennare ansluten till en tryckreaktor |
| SE9001959 | 1990-05-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1057324A true CN1057324A (zh) | 1991-12-25 |
| CN1042156C CN1042156C (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
Family
ID=20379647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91103740A Expired - Fee Related CN1042156C (zh) | 1990-05-31 | 1991-05-31 | 纤维素废液的部分燃烧的方法 |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5352333A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0533733B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH05506484A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1042156C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE115209T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU651119B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9106525A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2083717C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69105731T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2067938T3 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI104575B (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX174058B (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO179843C (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ238222A (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT97793B (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2096548C1 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE466212B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1991019041A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA913731B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110923017A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 科林未来能源技术(北京)有限公司 | 一种处理有机废液的煤气化系统和方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996014466A1 (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-05-17 | Kvaerner Pulping Ab | Method for complete combustion of bleach plant waste liquors |
| US6174161B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2001-01-16 | Air Products And Chemical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for partial oxidation of black liquor, liquid fuels and slurries |
| FI120364B (fi) * | 2002-11-01 | 2009-09-30 | Kvaerner Power Oy | Lipeäruisku |
| FR2880408B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-31 | 2007-03-16 | Air Liquide | Procede d'oxycombustion d'un combustible liquide |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE133379C1 (zh) * | ||||
| US3165495A (en) * | 1961-04-03 | 1965-01-12 | Polaroid Corp | Hydroquinone substituted polymers |
| US3163495A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1964-12-29 | Greenawalt John Eckert | In the recovery of chemicals from the incineration of waste black liquor, the method f eliminating noxious compounds entrained in the combustion gas |
| US3323858A (en) * | 1964-08-21 | 1967-06-06 | Lummus Co | Process for recovering the alkali metal content of spent pulping liquor |
| US4412808A (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1983-11-01 | Trw Inc. | Dual fueled burner gun |
| US4762532A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-08-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Partial oxidation process using a nozzle for achieving constant mixing energy |
| US5044552A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-09-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Supersonic coal water slurry fuel atomizer |
-
1990
- 1990-05-31 SE SE9001959A patent/SE466212B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-05-16 ZA ZA913731A patent/ZA913731B/xx unknown
- 1991-05-16 AT AT91910674T patent/ATE115209T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-16 JP JP91510379A patent/JPH05506484A/ja active Pending
- 1991-05-16 US US07/952,875 patent/US5352333A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 BR BR919106525A patent/BR9106525A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-16 CA CA002083717A patent/CA2083717C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 DE DE69105731T patent/DE69105731T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 RU RU9192016323A patent/RU2096548C1/ru active
- 1991-05-16 ES ES91910674T patent/ES2067938T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 WO PCT/SE1991/000346 patent/WO1991019041A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-05-16 EP EP91910674A patent/EP0533733B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 AU AU80901/91A patent/AU651119B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-22 NZ NZ238222A patent/NZ238222A/en unknown
- 1991-05-23 MX MX025898A patent/MX174058B/es unknown
- 1991-05-29 PT PT97793A patent/PT97793B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-31 CN CN91103740A patent/CN1042156C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-27 NO NO924591A patent/NO179843C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-27 FI FI925417A patent/FI104575B/fi active
-
1994
- 1994-08-31 US US08/298,582 patent/US5683549A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110923017A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 科林未来能源技术(北京)有限公司 | 一种处理有机废液的煤气化系统和方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE9001959D0 (sv) | 1990-05-31 |
| SE466212B (sv) | 1992-01-13 |
| FI925417A (fi) | 1992-11-27 |
| ZA913731B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
| ES2067938T3 (es) | 1995-04-01 |
| JPH05506484A (ja) | 1993-09-22 |
| MX174058B (es) | 1994-04-18 |
| AU8090191A (en) | 1991-12-31 |
| AU651119B2 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| US5352333A (en) | 1994-10-04 |
| US5683549A (en) | 1997-11-04 |
| EP0533733A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| PT97793A (pt) | 1992-04-30 |
| DE69105731D1 (de) | 1995-01-19 |
| NZ238222A (en) | 1993-10-26 |
| NO924591D0 (no) | 1992-11-27 |
| BR9106525A (pt) | 1993-05-25 |
| NO179843C (no) | 1996-12-27 |
| PT97793B (pt) | 1998-10-30 |
| CA2083717A1 (en) | 1991-12-01 |
| ATE115209T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
| CN1042156C (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
| RU2096548C1 (ru) | 1997-11-20 |
| NO179843B (no) | 1996-09-16 |
| DE69105731T2 (de) | 1995-04-27 |
| NO924591L (no) | 1992-11-30 |
| EP0533733B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| WO1991019041A1 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
| FI104575B (fi) | 2000-02-29 |
| SE9001959L (sv) | 1991-12-01 |
| FI925417A0 (fi) | 1992-11-27 |
| CA2083717C (en) | 2002-08-06 |
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