CN105723903B - A kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method - Google Patents
A kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105723903B CN105723903B CN201610100574.5A CN201610100574A CN105723903B CN 105723903 B CN105723903 B CN 105723903B CN 201610100574 A CN201610100574 A CN 201610100574A CN 105723903 B CN105723903 B CN 105723903B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
Invention is related to agricultural technology field, more particularly relates to a kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method, a kind of variable-rate fertilization, including locomotive（1）, hopper（2）, fertilizer distributor（3）And controller, the hopper（2）It is mounted on locomotive（1）On, the fertilizer distributor（3）Positioned at hopper（2）Defertilizing opening；It is characterized in that, the fertilizer distributor（3）Including motor（301）, roller（304）And speed detector, the roller（304）In motor（301）Lower rotation is driven, the speed detector is for detecting roller（304）Revolving speed；The locomotive（1）On be equipped with for detecting locomotive（1）The vehicle speed detector device of movement velocity, the controller can be according to the locomotives detected（1）Speed and expected fertilising require to adjust motor（301）Revolving speed.
Description
Technical field
Invention is related to agricultural technology field, more particularly relates to a kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method.
Background technique
Farmland fertilization operation is indispensable cargo handling operation during agricultural planting, and plant growth different phase needs
The fertilizer of Different Nutrients, in entire Growing season, crop usually requires that top dressing is multiple, and therefore, fertilising operation is production estimation
Bigger one of the link of middle labor intensity.For traditional earth's surface topdressing operation mode based on manually spreading fertilizer over the fields, walking is inconvenient, broadcasts
It spreads unevenly, and large labor intensity, inefficiency and human cost height.
Mainly based on eccentric circle disc type fertilizer distributor, disk rotate at high speed is power for mechanical earth's surface top dressing at present,
Fertilizer is spread out under the action of the centrifugal force.Such as restrain the scattering type rice seedling fertilizer applicator of triumphant design（Referring to：Rice seedling fertilising
The design of machine and the friend of application farmer richness, 2014 (6)：186-187）, can be used for common urea, nitrogen, compound fertilizer and
The broadcast applications such as special fertilizer, but due to fertilizer itself material characteristic, it is easy to be influenced by field conditions（Especially wind）, topdressing operation
It is relatively difficult to carry out being precisely controlled for dose, while the uniformity on working width direction cannot be guaranteed.Xia Junfang is set
Swing pipe type fertilizer distributor is counted（Referring to：Overall design agricultural machinery use and the maintenance of swing pipe type fertilizer distributor, 2014 (2)：11-12）, mould
Anthropomorphic arms swing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and has been effectively combined equipment forward speed and has been carried out spreading fertilizer over the fields speed control, uniformity compares disc type
Fertilizer distributor is promoted, but working width is not satisfactory.
Fertilising is the important content of precision agriculture on demand, currently has the variable fertilization operation of some comparative maturities both at home and abroad
It is mechanical.John deer develops a air-sweeping type seed manure vehicle, is mainly used for seed manure and spreads fertilizer over the fields；Xie Yufeng et al. has developed high-speed broad-width
Pneumatic transmission formula collection ejaculation volume planting and fertilizing machine（Referring to：Development [J] agricultural of high-speed broad-width pneumatic transmission formula collection ejaculation volume planting and fertilizing machine
Science and technology and equipment, 2013 (5):19-21）, air-flow is utilized and carries out defeated fertilizer and operation of dividing booty.But these types need mating 300 horse
Tractor more than power, use is by larger limitation in the rice field especially paddy field of southern china small area.
The fertilizer apparatus of above-mentioned earth's surface top dressing machinery is mostly by the way of the linkage of all rollers, only in equipment direction of travel
Upper realization variable fertilization control, the long distance being not carried out in the defertilizing amount independent control and working width direction of single roller
From conveying, variable fertilization control is realized not on working width direction.In addition, mode of movement is mostly with weight after fertilizer output
Based on power gravity flow, the pose that fertilizer enters earth's surface is more difficult to control.
Mature today is continued to develop in precision agriculture technology, the requirement of Tree Precise Fertilization is not only simply confined to combine
Equipment forward speed adjusts dose, will also in conjunction with crop growing way situation reasonably targetedly on working width direction
Also it realizes variable fertilization control, site-directed quantitative fertilising operation is carried out to smaller area crops to realize.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art described above（It is insufficient）, a kind of variable-rate fertilization is provided,
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of variable fertilization methods.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of variable-rate fertilization, including locomotive, hopper, fertilizer distributor and controller, the hopper are mounted on locomotive, institute
State the defertilizing opening that fertilizer distributor is located at hopper；It is characterized in that, the fertilizer distributor includes motor, roller and Rotating speed measring dress
It sets, the roller rotates under motor drive, and the speed detector is used to detect the revolving speed of roller；On the locomotive
Vehicle speed detector device for detecting locomotive movement velocity is installed, the controller can according to the speed of the locomotive detected and
It is expected that fertilising requires to adjust the revolving speed of motor.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the speed detector includes several magnet steel and tongue tube sensor,
The magnet steel is evenly arranged on the outer surface of the shaft coupling between the shaft or motor shaft or motor shaft and shaft of roller, described
Tongue tube sensor is used to detect magnet steel and feeds back the revolving speed of roller；The vehicle speed detector device includes several magnet steel and dry spring
Tube sensor, the magnet steel are evenly arranged on the transmission shaft or wheel shaft of locomotive, and the tongue tube sensor is for detecting magnet steel and anti-
Present locomotive travel speed.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the quantity of the defertilizing opening and fertilizer distributor is multiple, the fertilizer
Mouth is evenly spaced in below hopper, each fertilizer distributor respectively with defertilizing opening corresponding matching.
It further, further include fertilizer conveying device as optimal technical scheme, the fertilizer conveying device includes wind
Machine, airflow diversion case, three-way connection and fertilizer delivering pipe, the assembling is on locomotive, the air outlet and air-flow point of the blower
The air inlet of stream case is connected, and each air outlet of the airflow diversion case is connected with the air flow inlet of three-way connection respectively, institute
The fertile mouth that falls for stating three-way connection is located at below roller, and the fertilizer outlet of the three-way connection is connected with fertilizer delivering pipe.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, truss mechanism is installed on the locomotive, the truss mechanism can be perpendicular
Histogram inwardly moves up and down.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the truss mechanism interior in the horizontal direction can do folding movement.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the tail end level of the fertilizer delivering pipe is evenly arranged on truss mechanism.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the tail end of the fertilizer delivering pipe is equipped with fertilizer and is scattered device.
The present invention also provides a kind of variable fertilization methods to be included the following steps using above-described variable-rate fertilization：
A. fertilizer, expanded truss mechanism are added in hopper（5）, open blower（401）, and keep fertilizer delivering pipe（404）It is logical
Freely；
B. the guide of controller combination fertilising operation prescription map and global positioning system, determines fertilizer distributor（3）It is respective
Target dose sets fertilizer distributor by controller according to the target dose and locomotive travel speed（3）Roller
（304）Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；
C. in fertilising operation, according to speed detector detection and the locomotive travel speed fed back, roller（304）Turn
The alteration of speed and target dose, each fertilizer distributor is reset by controller respectively（3）Motor（301）Turn
Speed, and then control roller（304）Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；
D. step b and c are repeated, until fertilising operation terminates.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：
1. both having met present invention can be implemented in direction of travel and breadth direction both direction variable fertilization in conjunction with speed pair
Defertilizing amount carries out implementation control, to guarantee uniformity of applying fertilizer, and realizes and combines the prescription map of crop growing state to not in breadth direction
With region implement variable fertilization control reduce rate of fertilizer while reaching identical fertilization effect, saved investment at
This.
2. the present invention conveys fertilizer using air flow power, horizontal transport distance is remote, and fertilizer can quantify set a distance conveying,
It improves a lot for fertilizer uniformity tool, entire transmission process is completed in fertilizer delivering pipe, and fertilizer loss is few, generates tiny
Grain micronic dust is few.
Truss mechanism expansion in fertilising is stretched 3. can receive in the present invention, reaches wide cut, high-efficient homework, can be received when not working
Folding, reasonable utilization space structure；Descending operation can be carried out for crop height by going up and down truss mechanism, to variety classes and
The crop of different growing ways has wider applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the fertilizer distributor structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 3 is the fertilizer conveying device structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 4 is the three-port structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 5 is the truss lifting structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 6 is the truss held-together/spread-out structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 7 is the modular structure schematic diagram of the controller of embodiment 1.
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent；In order to better illustrate this embodiment, attached
Scheme certain components to have omission, zoom in or out, does not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art,
The omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable；The same or similar label corresponds to same or similar
Component；The terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustration, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent.
Specific embodiment
The following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Figure 1, variable-rate fertilization provided by the invention includes locomotive 1, hopper 2, fertilizer distributor 3, fertilizer conveying
Device 4, truss mechanism 5, fertilizer are scattered device 6, controller；The hopper 2 and truss mechanism 5 are mounted on locomotive 1, fertilizer dress
It sets 3 to be located at the defertilizing opening of hopper 2, the fertilizer conveying device 4 is arranged on truss mechanism 5, and the fertilizer is scattered 6, device
In 4 tail end of fertilizer conveying device.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is liftoff chassis 11, ultra-narrow field traveling wheel 12 that the locomotive 1, which includes highland,；The fertilizer
Device 3 includes direct current adjustable speed motor 301, connects six side's shafts 306 by shaft coupling 302, supports six sides by stand bearing 303
Shaft 306 rotates, and staggeredly spur type outer groove roller 304 is mounted in the defertilizing slot 305 at 2 defertilizing opening of hopper, by six
Square shaft 306 drives its rotation；The defertilizing slot 305 is fixed on 2 side bottom of hopper.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, fertilizer conveying device 4 includes blower 401, airflow diversion case 402,403 and of three-way connection
The air outlet of fertilizer delivering pipe 404, blower 401 is connected with the air inlet of airflow diversion case 402, the airflow diversion case 402 it is each
Air outlet is connected with the air flow inlet 4031 of three-way connection 403 respectively, and the fertile mouth 4032 that falls of the three-way connection 403 is located at row
304 lower section of fertilizer wheel, the fertilizer outlet 4033 of the three-way connection 403 are connected with fertilizer delivering pipe 404；The fertilizer conveying mechanism 4 by
Blower 401 provides air force needed for fertilizer conveys, and 401 high speed air-flow of blower enters airflow diversion case 402；By shunting
Air-flow uniformly enters three-way connection 403 from 8 outlets, and the fertilizer fallen into is blown into fertilizer delivering pipe 404 in three-way connection 403
In.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, truss mechanism 5 includes lifting truss mechanism and truss mechanism of taking down the exhibits, the lifting truss
Mechanism includes that parallelogram lindage 505, fixed truss 503 and electro-hydraulic telescoping cylinder 504 are put down by the flexible of electro-hydraulic telescoping cylinder 504
Row four-bar mechanism 505, which moves up and down, realizes the lifting of truss mechanism 5；The truss mechanism of taking down the exhibits includes electro-hydraulic cylinder 502 and takes down the exhibits
Bracket 506, the electro-hydraulic cylinder 502 are connected on fixed truss 503, and can be taken down the exhibits bracket by the flexible of electro-hydraulic cylinder 502, realization
506 around origin rotate as with 11 parallel direction of chassis, to reduce complete machine space.
Referring to Fig. 7, the controller is by data acquisition unit, data processing unit, feedback execution unit and human-computer interaction
Interface composition；The data acquisition unit includes magnet steel and tongue tube sensor.The magnet steel specification is diameter 5mm, thickness
2mm, a part are embedded among 8 grooves on 302 surface of shaft coupling（Other, which can also be embedded in, can reflect the portion of fertilizer wheel speed
Position）, another part is embedded in the transmission shaft surface of locomotive 1（Other, which can also be embedded in, can reflect the position of locomotive travel speed）
On, in terms of the cross section of transmission shaft, 8 magnet steel are uniformly distributed on same cross section with 45 ° of central angles；Tongue tube sensor can
Induction is generated to magnet steel, the magnet steel of a part close to shaft coupling 302 is installed, and another part is close to the transmission shaft surface of locomotive 1
Magnet steel installation, when motor 301 drive shaft coupling 302 rotate when and traveling process in locomotive 1 transmission shaft rotation when, dry spring
Tube sensor will generate induction to the magnet steel for being embedded in shaft coupling surface and transmission shaft surface, and induction generates an electricity each time
Signal, every 8 inductions indicate that motor or transmission shaft rotate one week；The human-computer interaction interface refers mainly to the use shown by touch screen
Family interface, user can input four groups of target doses by touching screen and activate and close control system；At the data
Unit is managed using STM32 microcontroller as core, the data inputted to data acquisition unit and human-computer interaction interface are handled, and are counted
Calculate the travel speed of locomotive 1, the theoretical rotational speed and actual speed of motor 301；The feedback execution unit is by STM32 microcontroller
Device and motor-drive circuit composition, microcontroller passes through the difference for calculating motor 301 theoretical rotational speed and actual speed, to motor
301 revolving speed carries out PID control, to realize the accurate control to dose.
The working principle of the invention is：
The present invention determines the target defertilizing amount of the corresponding point of every group of defertilizing opening by controller according to Fertilization prescription chart, in conjunction with
The current travel speed of locomotive 1 controls the revolving speed of roller 304, reaches the dose of target location.Fertilizer is by roller 304
From the three-way connection 403 that hopper is discharged into fertilizer conveying device 4, high-speed flow will be fallen by the aperture of three-way connection 403
Fertilizer is delivered to respective outlet along defertilizing tube 404, and fertilising process is completed after fertilizer is scattered by the device 6 that is scattered.
Embodiment 2
A kind of variable fertilization method is included the following steps using variable-rate fertilization described in embodiment 1：
A. fertilizer, expanded truss mechanism are added in hopper（5）, open blower（401）, and keep fertilizer delivering pipe（404）It is logical
Freely；
B. the guide of controller combination fertilising operation prescription map and global positioning system, determines fertilizer distributor（3）It is respective
Target dose sets fertilizer distributor by controller according to the target dose and locomotive travel speed（3）Roller
（304）Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；
C. in fertilising operation, according to speed detector detection and the locomotive travel speed fed back, roller（304）Turn
The alteration of speed and target dose, each fertilizer distributor is reset by controller respectively（3）Motor（301）Turn
Speed, and then control roller（304）Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；
D. step b and c are repeated, until fertilising operation terminates.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of variable-rate fertilization, including locomotive（1）, hopper（2）, fertilizer distributor（3）And controller, the hopper（2）Installation
In locomotive（1）On, the fertilizer distributor（3）Positioned at hopper（2）Defertilizing opening；It is characterized in that, the fertilizer distributor（3）Including
Motor（301）, roller（304）And speed detector, the roller（304）In motor（301）Lower rotation is driven, it is described
Speed detector is for detecting roller（304）Revolving speed；The locomotive（1）On be equipped with for detecting locomotive（1）Movement
The vehicle speed detector device of speed, the controller can be according to the locomotives detected（1）Speed and expected fertilising require to adjust
Motor（301）Revolving speed；The defertilizing opening and fertilizer distributor（3）Quantity be it is multiple, the defertilizing opening is evenly spaced in material
Bucket（2）Lower section, each fertilizer distributor（3）Respectively with defertilizing opening corresponding matching；It further include fertilizer conveying device（4）, the fertilizer is defeated
Sending mechanism includes blower（401）, airflow diversion case（402）, three-way connection（403）And fertilizer delivering pipe（404）, the blower（401）
It is mounted on locomotive（1）On, the blower（401）Air outlet and airflow diversion case（402）Air inlet be connected, the air-flow
Current divider box（402）Each air outlet respectively with three-way connection（403）Air flow inlet（4031）It is connected, the three-way connection
（403）Fall Fei Kou（4032）Positioned at roller（304）Lower section, the three-way connection（403）Fertilizer outlet（4033）With defeated fertilizer
Pipe（404）It is connected.
2. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the speed detector include several magnet steel and
Tongue tube sensor, the magnet steel are evenly arranged on roller（304）Shaft（306）Either motor shaft or motor shaft and shaft it
Between shaft coupling（302）Outer surface, the tongue tube sensor is for detecting magnet steel and feed back roller（304）Revolving speed；
The vehicle speed detector device includes several magnet steel and tongue tube sensor, and the magnet steel is evenly arranged on locomotive（1）Transmission shaft or wheel
On axis, the tongue tube sensor is for detecting magnet steel and feeding back locomotive travel speed.
3. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the locomotive（1）On truss mechanism is installed
（5）, the truss mechanism（5）It can be moved up and down in vertical direction.
4. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the truss mechanism（5）It can be interior in the horizontal direction
Do folding movement.
5. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the fertilizer delivering pipe（404）Tail end it is horizontal
Cloth is in truss mechanism（5）On.
6. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the fertilizer delivering pipe（404）Tail end fertilizer is installed
Expect the device that is scattered（6）.
7. a kind of variable fertilization method, which is characterized in that the described in any item variable-rate fertilizations of claim 3-6 are used, including
Following steps：A. fertilizer, expanded truss mechanism are added in hopper（5）, open blower（401）, and keep fertilizer delivering pipe（404）It is logical
Freely；B. the guide of controller combination fertilising operation prescription map and global positioning system, determines fertilizer distributor（3）Respective target is applied
Fertilizer amount sets fertilizer distributor by controller according to the target dose and locomotive travel speed（3）Roller（304）
Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；C. in fertilising operation, according to speed detector detect and feed back locomotive travel speed,
Roller（304）The alteration of revolving speed and target dose resets each fertilizer distributor by controller respectively（3）Electricity
Machine（301）Revolving speed, and then control roller（304）Revolving speed, implement variable fertilization；D. step b and c are repeated, until fertilising
Operation terminates.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610100574.5A CN105723903B (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2016-02-24 | A kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method |
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| CN201610100574.5A CN105723903B (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2016-02-24 | A kind of variable-rate fertilization and variable fertilization method |
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| CN105723903A CN105723903A (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| CN105723903B true CN105723903B (en) | 2018-11-27 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106171223A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of variable fertilization method based on per mu yield potentiality Yu target output |
| CN106258134B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-10-09 | 西南大学 | Synchronous belt type organic fertilizer applicator |
| CN107593048B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-07-02 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of plant essence amount interval spot application system and method |
| CN108307754B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-09-22 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Quantitative fertilizer applicator |
| CN108566804A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-25 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of mating transplanting Pneumatic type deep applying fertilizer rice planter |
| CN114731816A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-12 | 朱良方 | Fixed-point application method of low-diffusivity organic fertilizer |
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| DE102007039371A1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | Gardena Manufacturing Gmbh | Fertilizer tank for mixer for mixing liquid fertilizer and carrier liquid has annular section which contains fertilizer and has outlets in its upper wall, through which it flows |
| CN105123062A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-09 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | On-board fertilization device and fertilization control method thereof |
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