CN105722926B - 水性涂料组合物 - Google Patents
水性涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105722926B CN105722926B CN201380080295.1A CN201380080295A CN105722926B CN 105722926 B CN105722926 B CN 105722926B CN 201380080295 A CN201380080295 A CN 201380080295A CN 105722926 B CN105722926 B CN 105722926B
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- water
- weight
- based paint
- paint compositions
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 phosphoric acid alkoxy ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol Chemical group CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)CO JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N i-Pr2C2H4i-Pr2 Natural products CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-isobutyric acid Natural products CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(O)(O)=O MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical group CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMDZKDKPYCNCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)COC(C)CO WMDZKDKPYCNCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical group OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N D-isoascorbic acid Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种水性涂料组合物,其具有可接受的热老化稳定性并且提供所得涂膜良好可洗性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水性涂料组合物。
背景技术
含颜料的水性涂料组合物通常包含水性丙烯酸类聚合物分散液、聚结剂以及颜料和/或增量剂。聚结剂通常用于通过降低丙烯酸类聚合物的最低成膜温度(MFFT)来促进成膜。聚结剂的剂量取决于丙烯酸类聚合物的玻璃转化温度(Tg),并且以丙烯酸类聚合物分散液的固体重量计,聚结剂的量通常是至少[Tg(以℃为单位)/2]重量%。作为粘合剂的水性丙烯酸类聚合物分散液可以包含聚合物粒子,所述聚合物粒子的磷酸酯基紧密地键结到粒子表面,所述聚合物粒子通过聚合物与烯系不饱和含磷单体的乳液聚合形成。磷酸酯基可以在无机颜料和/或增量剂与聚合物粒子之间产生强相互作用。在颜料体积浓度(PVC)为至少70%的涂料组合物中使用此类经磷酸酯基官能化的聚合物可以显著提高所得膜的可洗性。然而,此类强相互作用往往也会造成储存期间涂料组合物的粘度增加,尤其是当共聚烯系不饱和含磷单体以丙烯酸类聚合物的重量计以1.0重量%到3.5重量%的量存在时。涂料行业通常需要涂料组合物在50℃下储存10天之后粘度改变不超过15个克雷布斯单位(Krebs unit;KU)。
因此,期望提供一种高PVC涂料组合物,所述高PVC涂料组合物所提供的所得涂膜的可洗性优于包含不含含磷共聚单元的丙烯酸类共聚物的涂料组合物,同时仍具有如上所述合乎需要的储存稳定性。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新颖的水性涂料组合物,所述水性涂料组合物具有所要的热老化稳定性并且还提供具有良好可洗性的涂膜。本发明的水性涂料组合物组合乳液共聚物、特定低量的聚结剂以及颜料和/或增量剂,所述乳液共聚物包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计1.5重量%到3.5重量%的共聚含磷单体。出人意料的是,本发明的水性涂料组合物具有可接受的热老化稳定性,如通过所述水性涂料组合物在50℃下储存10天之后介质剪切粘度改变不超过15KU所证明。在一些实施例中,所述水性涂料组合物在干燥后的可洗性比包含不含含磷共聚单元的乳液共聚物的涂料组合物在干燥后的可洗性大50%。
本发明是一种水性涂料组合物,所述水性涂料组合物包含:
(a)水性共聚物分散液,所述水性共聚物分散液包含玻璃转化温度为8℃到40℃的乳液共聚物并且包含以所述乳液共聚物的固体重量计1重量%到3.5重量%的含磷单体作为共聚单元,所述含磷单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷氧基酯、其盐以及其混合物;
其中所述水性共聚物分散液以所述水性涂料组合物的总重量计按固体重量计以2.5%到7.5%的量存在;
(b)聚结剂,其浓度Cc以所述水性共聚物分散液的固体重量计,按以下确定:
Cc<(2/5*Tg-CP*100+4)/100
其中Tg是所述乳液共聚物的玻璃转化温度,℃;并且Cp是所述共聚含磷单体以所述乳液共聚物的固体重量计的浓度;以及
(c)颜料和/或增量剂。
具体实施方式
适用于本发明中的水性共聚物分散液包含一种或多种乳液共聚物。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物可以包含至少一种烯系不饱和非离子单体作为共聚单元。本文中的“非离子单体”是指不具有pH=1-14之间的离子电荷的单体。适用于本发明中的合适的烯系不饱和非离子单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异癸酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯以及其混合物;(甲基)丙烯腈;(甲基)丙烯酰胺;氨基官能性和脲基官能性单体;带有乙酰乙酸酯官能团的单体;具有苯环的烯系不饱和单体,如苯乙烯和被取代的苯乙烯;丁二烯;α-烯烃,如乙烯、丙烯和1-癸烯;乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯和其它乙烯酯;乙烯基单体,如氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯;以及其混合物。在一个优选实施例中,乳液共聚物包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计85重量%到99重量%、90重量%到99.5重量%或92重量%到99重量%的至少一种烯系不饱和非离子单体作为共聚单元,所述烯系不饱和非离子单体选自苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸的C2-C12烷基酯、其衍生物以及其混合物。
本文中的术语“丙烯酸类”是指(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯腈以及其改性形式,例如(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯。术语“(甲基)丙烯酸类”是指丙烯酸类、甲基丙烯酸类以及其混合物中的任一种。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物可以包含至少一种烯系不饱和含磷单体作为共聚单元。合适的烯系不饱和含磷单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷基酯,如(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸丙酯和(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸丁酯、其盐以及其混合物;(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷氧基酯,如(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸乙二醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸二乙二醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸三乙二醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸丙二醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸二丙二醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸三丙二醇酯、其盐以及其混合物。优选的烯系不饱和含磷单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷基酯或(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷氧基酯和其盐,尤其是甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯(PEM)。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物可以包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计1重量%或更多的共聚烯系不饱和含磷单体,1.5重量%或更多、或甚至2重量%或更多,并且同时3.5重量%或更少、3.0重量%或更少或甚至2.5重量%或更少。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物可以进一步包含至少一种烯系不饱和单体作为共聚单元,所述烯系不饱和单体带有至少一个选自羧基、羧酸酐、羟基、酰胺以及其混合物的官能团。这些类型的单体的实例包括烯系不饱和羧酸或二羧酸,并且优选地,丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸(itaconic acid)和顺丁烯二酸;酰胺,并且优选地,以上所提到的羧酸的N-羟烷基酰胺或羟烷基酯,如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、2-羟乙基丙烯酰胺、2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯以及甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。乳液共聚物可以包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计最多5重量%或0.5重量%到3重量%的共聚烯系不饱和羧酸单体。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物可以包含至少一种烯系不饱和单体作为共聚单元,所述烯系不饱和单体带有至少一个烷氧基硅烷官能团,优选地可水解的烷氧基硅烷官能团。带有至少一个烷氧基硅烷官能团的合适的烯系不饱和单体的实例包括乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷,如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷;烷基乙烯基二烷氧基硅烷;(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷基三烷氧基硅烷,如(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲氧基硅烷和(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或其衍生物。此外,预期硅烷官能团可以在至少一个烯系不饱和非离子单体和能烷氧基硅烷化的前驱单体的聚合之后添加。能烷氧基硅烷化的前驱单体是具有如下反应性基团的单体,所述反应性基团能够在聚合之后与含有烷氧基硅烷的化合物反应,引起含烷氧基硅烷的官能团连接到共聚物。
乳液共聚物可以包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计0.01重量%或更多的带有至少一个烷氧基硅烷官能团的共聚烯系不饱和单体,0.05重量%或更多、或甚至0.1重量%或更多,并且同时3重量%或更少、1.5重量%或更少或甚至1重量%或更少。
在一个优选实施例中,适用于本发明中的乳液共聚物包含以乳液共聚物的固体重量计1重量%到3.5重量%的共聚含磷单体、35重量%到65重量%的共聚苯乙烯或其衍生物、30重量%到60重量%的共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯或其衍生物、0.5重量%到3重量%的共聚烯系不饱和羧酸单体以及0.05重量%到1重量%的带有至少一个烷氧基硅烷官能团的共聚烯系不饱和单体。
水性共聚物分散液中的乳液共聚物的玻璃转化温度(Tg)可以是8℃或更高、15℃或更高或甚至20℃或更高,并且同时40℃或更低、35℃或更低或甚至30℃或更低。本文中的Tg值通过例如线性方程计算:
Tg=Wa*Tga+Wb*Tgb+Wc*Tgc
其中Tga、Tgb和Tgc分别是指单体a、单体b和单体c的Tg;并且Wa、Wb和Wc分别是指单体a、单体b和单体c的以总单体的重量计的重量分率。
适用于本发明中的水性共聚物分散液可以含有以水性共聚物分散液的总重量计以30重量%到70重量%、35重量%到60重量%或40重量%到50重量%存在的固体。
用于制备乳液共聚物的聚合技术在所属领域中是众所周知的,例如乳液聚合。在乳液聚合方法中,可以使用常规表面活性剂。这些常规表面活性剂可以包括阴离子和/或非离子乳化剂,例如烷基、芳基或烷芳基硫酸酯、磺酸酯或磷酸酯的碱金属盐或铵盐;烷基磺酸;磺基丁二酸盐;脂肪酸;烯系不饱和表面活性剂单体;以及乙氧基化醇或酚。以单体的总重量计,所用表面活性剂的量通常是0.1重量%到6重量%。
在乳液聚合方法中,可以使用热引发或氧化还原引发方法。在整个反应过程中,反应温度可以维持在低于100℃的温度下。优选的反应温度介于30℃与95℃之间或介于50℃与90℃之间。单体混合物可以按纯净形式或按水中乳液的形式添加。单体混合物可以历经反应时间段以一次或多次添加形式或连续地、线性地或非线性地或其组合形式添加。
在乳液聚合方法中,可以使用常规自由基引发剂。合适的自由基引发剂的实例包括过氧化氢、过氧化钠、过氧化钾、叔丁基氢过氧化物、氢过氧化枯烯、过硫酸铵和/或碱金属过硫酸盐、过硼酸钠、过磷酸和其盐、高锰酸钾以及过二硫酸铵或过二硫酸碱金属盐。以总单体的重量计,自由基引发剂通常可以按0.01重量%到3.0重量%的水平使用。可以在乳液聚合方法中使用包含上述引发剂外加合适的还原剂的氧化还原系统。合适的还原剂的实例包括甲醛次硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸、含硫的酸的碱金属盐和铵盐(如亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢盐、硫代硫酸盐、次硫酸盐、硫化物、硫氢化物或连二亚硫酸盐)、甲脒亚磺酸、羟甲基磺酸、丙酮亚硫酸氢盐、胺(如乙醇胺)、乙醇酸、乙醛酸水合物、乳酸、甘油酸、苹果酸、酒石酸以及前述酸的盐。可以使用以下各者的催化氧化还原反应的金属盐:铁、铜、锰、银、铂、钒、镍、铬、钯或钴。可以任选地使用金属螯合剂。
乳液共聚物粒子的平均粒子直径可以是50到350纳米(nm),优选地50到300nm,如通过BI-90粒度仪所测量。在不受特定理论限制的情况下,我们认为低于50nm的粒度造成较大的乳液共聚物剪切不稳定性并且大于300nm的粒度导致较低的粘合能力并且因此导致可洗性较差。
本发明的水性涂料组合物还可以包含一种或多种聚结剂。本文中的“聚结剂”是指缓慢蒸发或非蒸发性溶剂,其在周围条件下使聚合物粒子融合成连续膜。合适的聚结剂的实例包括乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单丙醚、乙二醇单己醚、乙二醇2-乙基己醚、乙二醇苯醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单己醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单丙醚、丙二醇叔丁醚、丙二醇单丁醚、二丙二醇单丙醚、二丙二醇叔丁醚、二丙二醇单丁醚、三丙二醇甲醚、基于芳族基的二醇醚、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯、苄醇、正甲基吡咯烷酮、双丙酮醇、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯以及其混合物。优选的聚结剂是邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单(2-甲基丙酸酯);丙二醇苯醚;戊二酸二异丁酯;丁二酸二异丁酯;己二酸二异丁酯;以及其混合物。
聚结剂的浓度Cc以水性共聚物分散液的固体重量计,按以下确定:
Cc<(2/5*Tg-CP*100+4)/100
其中Tg是乳液共聚物的玻璃转化温度,℃;并且Cp是共聚含磷单体以乳液共聚物的固体重量计的浓度。在一些实施例中,聚结剂的浓度小于(2/5*Tg-Cp*100+2)/100。
本发明的水性涂料组合物还可以包含颜料和/或增量剂。本文中的“颜料”是指可以提供白度和颜色的材料,包括无机颜料和有机颜料。无机颜料通常包括金属氧化物。合适的金属氧化物的实例包括二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化锌、氧化铁、硫化锌、硫酸钡、碳酸钡或其混合物。在一个优选实施例中,本发明中所用的颜料是TiO2。TiO2通常以两种晶体形式存在:锐钛矿和金红石。合适的市售TiO2包括例如可获自康诺斯国际有限公司(Kronos Worldwide,Inc.)的KRONOSTM 2310、可获自特拉华州威尔明顿的杜邦公司(DuPont(Wilmington,Del.))的Ti-PureTM R-706、可获自Millenium Inorganic Chemicals的TiONATM AT1或其混合物。TiO2还可以按浓缩过的分散液形式获得。有机颜料通常是指不透明聚合物,如可获自陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company)的ROPAQUETM Ultra E(ROPAQUE是陶氏化学公司的商标)。当颜料包含TiO2时,以涂料组合物的总重量计,TiO2的浓度可以呈10重量%或更小、5重量%或更小或甚至3重量%或更小的量。
本文中的“增量剂”是指白色透明或半透明组分,其目的是通过增加被指定重量的颜料覆盖的区域来降低油漆成本。合适的增量剂的实例包括碳酸钙、粘土、硫酸钙、铝硅酸盐、硅酸盐、沸石、云母、硅藻土、固体或中空玻璃、瓷珠、霞石正长岩、长石、硅藻土、煅烧硅藻土、滑石(水合硅酸镁)、二氧化硅、氧化铝、高岭土、叶蜡石、珍珠岩、重晶石、硅灰石或其混合物。
本发明的水性涂料组合物的颜料体积浓度(PVC)可以是70%或更高、80%或更高或甚至95%或更高。本文中,PVC根据下文实例部分中所述的测试方法计算。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含一种或多种消泡剂。本文中的“消泡剂”是指减少泡沫并且妨碍泡沫形成的化学添加剂。消泡剂可以是基于硅酮的消泡剂、基于矿物油的消泡剂、基于环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷的消泡剂、聚丙烯酸烷基酯或其混合物。合适的市售消泡剂包括例如可获自迪高公司(TEGO)的TEGOTM Airex 902W和TEGO Foamex 1488聚醚硅氧烷共聚物乳液、可获自毕克公司(BYK)的BYK-024硅酮消泡剂或其混合物。当存在时,以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,消泡剂的浓度可以是0.01重量%到1重量%、0.05重量%到0.8重量%或0.1重量%到0.5重量%。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含一种或多种增稠剂。增稠剂可以是聚乙烯醇(PVA)、粘土材料、酸衍生物、酸共聚物、氨基甲酸酯缔合增稠剂(UAT)、聚醚脲聚氨基甲酸酯(PEUPU)、聚醚聚氨基甲酸酯(PEPU)或其混合物。合适的增稠剂的实例包括碱性可溶胀乳液(ASE),如经钠或铵中和的丙烯酸聚合物;疏水性改性的碱性可溶胀乳液(HASE),如疏水性改性的丙烯酸共聚物;缔合型增稠剂,如疏水性改性的乙氧基化氨基甲酸酯(HEUR);以及纤维素增稠剂,如甲基纤维素醚、羟甲基纤维素(HMC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、疏水性改性的羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(SCMC)、羧甲基2-羟乙基纤维素钠、2-羟丙基甲基纤维素、2-羟乙基甲基纤维素、2-羟丁基甲基纤维素、2-羟乙基乙基纤维素以及2-羟丙基纤维素。优选地,增稠剂基于HEUR,例如可获自陶氏化学公司的ACRYSOLTM RM-8W增稠剂(ACRYSOL是陶氏化学公司的商标)。当存在时,以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,增稠剂的浓度可以是0.05重量%到3重量%、0.1重量%到2重量%或0.3重量%到1重量%。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含溶剂。合适的溶剂的实例包括2-正丁氧基乙醇、二丙二醇正丁醚、丙二醇正丁醚、二丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丙醚或其混合物。当存在时,以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,溶剂的浓度可以是0.1重量%或更大、1重量%或更大或甚至3重量%或更大,并且同时10重量%或更小、8重量%或更小或甚至5重量%或更小。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含水。以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,水的浓度可以是20重量%到90重量%、25重量%到60重量%或30重量%到40重量%。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含一种或多种润湿剂。本文中的“润湿剂”是指降低涂料组合物的表面张力,使得涂料组合物更容易扩散通过或渗透衬底表面的化学添加剂。润湿剂可以是阴离子、两性离子或非离子型聚羧酸酯。合适的市售润湿剂包括例如可获自空气产品公司(Air Products)的基于炔二醇的SURFYNOLTM 104非离子润湿剂、可获自毕克公司的BYKTM-346和BYK-349经聚醚改性的硅氧烷或其混合物。
当存在时,以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,润湿剂的浓度可以是0.1重量%或更大、0.5重量%或更大或甚至1重量%或更大,并且同时2.5重量%或更小、2重量%或更小或甚至1重量%或更小。
除上述组分以外,本发明的水性涂料组合物可以进一步包含以下添加剂中的任一种或组合:缓冲剂、非增稠流变改性剂、保湿剂、防霉剂、杀生物剂、防结皮剂、着色剂、流动剂、交联剂、抗氧化剂、塑化剂、匀染剂、分散剂、触变剂、助粘剂、稀释剂以及研磨媒剂。当存在时,以水性涂料组合物的总重量计,这些添加剂的组合量可以是0.001重量%到10重量%或0.01重量%到2重量%。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以利用涂料技术领域已知的技术制备。水性涂料组合物可以通过混合上述水性聚合物分散液、聚结剂以及颜料和/或增量剂来制备。如上所述,还可以添加其它任选的组分。水性涂料组合物中的组分可以按任何次序混合得到本发明的水性涂料组合物。任一种上述任选组分也可以在混合期间或之前添加到组合物中,形成水性涂料组合物。
本发明的水性涂料组合物具有所要热老化稳定性。举例来说,根据下文实例部分中所述的测试方法,水性涂料组合物在50℃下热老化10天之后,介质剪切粘度改变是15个克雷布斯单位(KU)或更小。水性涂料组合物在干燥后形成涂膜。在一些实施例中,此类涂膜的可洗性比现有技术中由不含所用的含磷共聚单元的涂料组合物(在下文中,“比较涂料组合物”)制成的涂膜的可洗性大50%。在一个优选实施例中,由本发明的涂料组合物制成的涂膜的可洗性比由比较涂料组合物制成的涂膜的可洗性大70%,或甚至大100%。本文中,可洗性根据下文实例部分中所述的测试方法测量。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以通过包括刷涂、浸涂、辊涂以及喷涂的现有方式涂覆到衬底上。水性涂料组合物优选地通过喷涂来涂覆。可以使用标准喷涂技术和喷涂设备,如空气雾化喷涂、空气喷涂、无空气喷涂、高体积低压喷涂以及静电喷涂(如静电钟罩涂覆)以及人工或自动方法。对所涂覆的涂料组合物的干燥通常在室温(22℃到25℃)下或甚至在35℃到60℃下进行。
本发明的水性涂料组合物可以涂覆到并且粘附到各种衬底上。合适的衬底的实例包括木材、金属、塑料、泡沫材料、石头、弹性体衬底、玻璃、织品、混凝土或水泥衬底。水性涂料组合物适用于各种涂料应用,如船舶涂料和防护涂料、汽车涂料、木器涂料、卷材涂料、塑料涂料、粉末涂料、罐涂料以及土木工程涂料。水性涂料组合物尤其适合于建筑内墙涂料。水性涂料组合物可以单独使用或与其它涂料组合使用以形成多层涂层。举例来说,多层涂层可以包含作为底漆的本发明水性涂料组合物、粘结涂层以及任选地面漆。
实例
本发明的一些实施例现将描述于以下实例中,除非另外说明,否则其中所有份数和百分比均按重量计。
DISPONILTM FES 32阴离子表面活性剂可获自科宁公司(Cognis)。
甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯(“PEM”)可获自陶氏化学公司。
丙烯酸丁酯(“BA”)、苯乙烯(“ST”)和丙烯酸(“AA”)皆可获自上海朗源化工有限公司(Shanghai LangYuan Chemical Co.,Ltd.)。
SilquestTM A-171硅烷(“A-171”)是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷并且可获自迈图公司(Momentive Company)。
过硫酸钠(“SPS”)、氢氧化钠(“NaOH”)和苯乙烯磺酸钠(“SSS”)皆可获自上海化学试剂有限公司(Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co.Ltd.)。
丙二醇和乙二醇用作共溶剂并且可获自上海化学试剂有限公司。
羟乙基纤维素(“HEC”)用作增稠剂并且可获自上海化学试剂有限公司。
AMP-95TM可获自陶氏化学公司,是2-甲基-2-氨基丙醇并且用作中和剂(AMP-95是陶氏化学公司的商标)。
OROTANTM 1288可获自陶氏化学公司,是多元酸并且用作分散剂(OROTAN是陶氏化学公司的商标)。
DISPELAIRTM CF-246消泡剂可获自布莱克本化学公司(Blackburn Chemicals)。
DB-80可获自中国晋阳高陵有限公司(Jinyang Gaoling Ltd.Co.(China)),是煅烧高岭土并且用作增量剂。
ASP-170可获自安格公司(Engelhard),是水洗高岭土并且用作增量剂。
TI-PURETM R-902二氧化钛用作颜料并且可获自杜邦公司。
Talc-800可获自美佳化工公司(Meijia Chemical Company),是滑石粉并且用作增量剂。
CC-700可获自中国广福建材集团(Guangfu Building Materials Group(China)),是碳酸钙并且用作增量剂。
TEXANOLTM酯醇可获自伊士曼公司(Eastman),是2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单(2-甲基丙酸酯)并且用作聚结剂。
在实例中使用以下标准分析设备和方法。
颜料体积浓度(“PVC”)计算
油漆的PVC计算如下:
体积固体含量
涂料组合物的体积固体含量计算如下。涂料组合物中的颜料和增量剂的总体积表示为Vp。涂料组合物中除颜料和增量剂外的非挥发性固体的总体积(又称为“固体粘合剂的体积”)表示为Vb。涂料组合物的总体积(又称为“总湿漆体积”)表示为Vw。根据以下等式测量涂料组合物的体积固体含量:
体积固体份=[(Vp+Vb)/Vw]×100%
热老化稳定性
使用斯托默(Stormer)粘度计,根据ASTM D562方法测试涂料组合物的粘度。在涂料组合物形成之后,在室温下测试涂料组合物的初始介质剪切粘度(初始KU),然后使涂料组合物在室温下平衡过夜。然后,测量涂料组合物的粘度并且记录为过夜KU。然后将涂料组合物放置在烘箱中,在50℃下保持10天。测试涂料组合物在储存之后的粘度并且记录为最终KU。过夜KU与最终KU之间的差值定义为粘度改变ΔKU。ΔKU值越小,热老化稳定性将越好。可接受的ΔKU是15KU或更小。
洗涤测试
使用修改版本的ASTM D 2486-74A方法测定油漆的可洗性。相比于ASTM D2486-74A方法,在本文中所用的测试方法中存在四个修改:
(1)所用洗涤介质是0.5重量%用于PVC大于55%的油漆的家用清洁剂溶液,或用于PVC小于55%的油漆的研磨洗涤介质;
(2)将涂膜放在乙烯基记录纸上,与乙烯基记录纸的较长侧垂直;
(3)在洗涤机器的铝金属板上不存在垫片;并且
(4)用于制造测试刷的刷毛的材料:本文中所用的刷子由猪毛而不是尼龙纤维制成。在每一张乙烯基记录纸上,涂覆四个涂层,始终使得它们当中来源于同一种油漆的一个涂层作为对照(下文比较实例C)并且其他三个为使得可以获得对照与样品之间的相对评级的样品。对于指定油漆,制得四个涂层样本并且通过对四个样本的结果取平均获得最终评级。涂层样本在温度25℃且湿度50%的恒温室中干燥7天,然后进行洗涤测试。
制备粘合剂分散液A
单体乳液通过组合706.37克(g)BA、910.15g ST、16.86g AA、38.40g PEM、5.16gA-171、399.49g去离子水以及70.55g 31.0重量%DISPONIL FES 32水溶液来制备,并且在搅拌下进行乳化。然后,将10.23g 31重量%DISPONIL FES 32水溶液和750g去离子水装入配备有机械搅拌的五升多颈烧瓶中。将烧瓶中的材料在氮气氛围下加热到90℃。向搅拌过的烧瓶中,添加54.8g上文所得的单体乳液,接着添加含5.46g SPS的15.6g去离子水。然后历时120分钟,向烧瓶中添加其余的单体乳液和3.41g APS于207.34g去离子水中的溶液,同时反应器温度维持在88℃下。当其余单体乳液的一半添加到烧瓶中时,历时60分钟,向烧瓶中添加6.22g NaOH和97.4g去离子水的溶液。然后,使用32g去离子水冲洗反应器的乳液进料管线。然后将反应混合物冷却到室温。在冷却反应混合物期间,向烧瓶中添加呈水溶液形式的0.02g硫酸亚铁和0.02g EDTA、4.78g叔丁基氢过氧化物(70%)和2.31g异抗坏血酸。所得分散液用氢氧化钠中和到pH 7.5到8.5。所得分散液的特性报告在表1中。
制备粘合剂分散液B-F
根据如上文关于制备粘合剂分散液A所述的相同程序制备丙烯酸粘合剂分散液B-F,其中单体组合物基于表2中所述的配方制备。所得分散液的特性报告在表1中。
表1
*Tg通过上文所述的线性方程计算。
表2
*总单体是PEM、AA、A-171、BA、ST和SSS(如果存在)。
实例(Ex)1
基于表3中所述配方制备实例1的涂料组合物。使用高速Cowles分散器混合研磨成分。向研磨物中添加粘合剂A(95g)。然后,向所得混合物中添加6.41g Texanol(15重量%,相对于粘合剂的固体)。再向混合物中添加Dispelair CF-246(2g)和去离子水(184.69g)并且使用常规实验室混合器混合30分钟。实例1的所得水性涂料组合物具有82%PVC和32.4%体积固体份(“VS”)。
实例2-5和比较(Comp)实例A-C
除了粘合剂类型和/或聚结剂浓度如表4中所述有所不同之外,实例2-5和比较实例A-C的涂料组合物根据与实例1相同的程序制备。当用不同聚结剂浓度制备涂料组合物时,相应地修改水剂量,以使得涂料组合物的总重量对应地等于1000g。比较实例A的涂料组合物与US8185714B2中所披露的基本上相同。实例2-5和比较实例A-C的所得水性涂料组合物全都具有82%PVC和32.4%VS。
表3
表4
如表4中所示,比较实例A和B的涂料组合物所提供的涂膜的可洗性优于比较实例C的涂料组合物。然而,比较实例A的涂料组合物在热老化之后胶化,并且比较实例B的涂料组合物展示远高于15的ΔKU。这说明,比较实例A-B的涂料组合物不具有可接受的储存稳定性。
相比之下,实例1-5的涂料组合物所提供的涂膜的可洗性优于比较实例C的涂料组合物的可洗性,同时实例1-5的涂料组合物展示出可接受的热老化稳定性。
Claims (10)
1.一种水性涂料组合物,包含:
(a)水性共聚物分散液,所述水性共聚物分散液包含玻璃转化温度为8℃到40℃的乳液共聚物并且包含以所述乳液共聚物的固体重量计1重量%到3.5重量%的含磷单体作为共聚单元,所述含磷单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸烷氧基酯、其盐以及其混合物;
其中所述水性共聚物分散液以所述水性涂料组合物的总重量计按固体重量计以2.5%到7.5%的量存在;
(b)聚结剂,其浓度Cc以所述水性共聚物分散液的固体重量计,按以下确定:
Cc<(2/5*Tg-CP*100+4)/100
其中Tg是所述乳液共聚物的玻璃转化温度,℃;并且Cp是所述共聚含磷单体以所述乳液共聚物的固体重量计的浓度;以及
(c)颜料和/或增量剂;
其中所述水性涂料组合物的颜料体积浓度是至少80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述乳液共聚物的玻璃转化温度是15℃到30℃。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述共聚物包含以所述乳液共聚物的固体重量计1.5重量%到3重量%的所述含磷单体作为共聚单元。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述含磷单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸磷酸丁酯、其盐以及其混合物。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述聚结剂的浓度小于(2/5*Tg-CP*100+2)/100。
6.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述聚结剂选自2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单(2-甲基丙酸酯);丙二醇苯醚;戊二酸二异丁酯;丁二酸二异丁酯;己二酸二异丁酯;邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述乳液共聚物还包含选自丙烯酸的C2-C12烷基酯和具有苯环的烯系不饱和单体的单体作为共聚单元。
8.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,其中所述颜料包含二氧化钛。
9.根据权利要求8所述的水性涂料组合物,其中二氧化钛以所述涂料组合物的总重量计以10重量%或更小的量存在。
10.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水性涂料组合物,进一步包含水、溶剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增稠剂或其混合物。
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