CN105722661B - 由有机板制造部件的方法 - Google Patents

由有机板制造部件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105722661B
CN105722661B CN201480045522.1A CN201480045522A CN105722661B CN 105722661 B CN105722661 B CN 105722661B CN 201480045522 A CN201480045522 A CN 201480045522A CN 105722661 B CN105722661 B CN 105722661B
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China
Prior art keywords
organic plates
organic
plates
fastened
component
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201480045522.1A
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English (en)
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CN105722661A (zh
Inventor
洛塔尔·帕特博格
斯特凡·迈尔
托尔斯滕·克拉纳特
沃尔那·胡芬巴赫
恩里科·拉杜什
延斯·沃尔那
安德烈·基斯林
亚历山大·赫尔比希
约恩·基勒
马丁·莱佩尔
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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Publication of CN105722661A publication Critical patent/CN105722661A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0261—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using ultrasonic or sonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/20—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C43/203—Making multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/002—Joining methods not otherwise provided for
    • B29C65/004—Cold joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0672—Spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7832—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the overlap between the parts to be joined, e.g. the overlap between sheets, plates or web-like materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4326—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making hollow articles or hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0811—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
    • B29C2043/525—Heating or cooling at predetermined points for local melting, curing or bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由有机板制造部件(B)的方法，特征在于下列方法步骤：‑将至少两个有机板(1a,1b；1a到1f)相互紧靠形成预成形部件，‑形成至少一个重叠的接合区，在该接合区中使用至少一个成型为有机板的连接部件(2a,2b)将相互紧靠的有机板(1a,1b；1a到1f)互相固定，‑将由互相固定的有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)形成的预成形部件转移到或进入接合工具(4a,4b)，‑借助接合工具通过至少局部地熔化和挤压有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)之间的接合区使预成型部件的有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)连接，并且‑通过至少加固已接合区加固接合的部件(B)。

Description

由有机板制造部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由根据权利要求1前序部分所述的有机板制造部件的方法。
背景技术
在文件US6284089B1中已知这种方法。
有机板是由纤维复合材料制造的半成品。其具有热塑性的塑料基体，一个或多个纤维组织和/或一个或多个纤维织物嵌入该塑料基体中。制造有机板所使用的纤维通常是作为连续纤维或长纤维引入热塑性的塑料基体中的玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维和碳纤维。长纤维的纤维长度在此为1到50mm的范围，而长于50mm的纤维则称为连续纤维。与具有更短的纤维的有机板相比，具有连续纤维的有机板具有最高的刚性和强度值。
嵌入热塑性的塑料基体的纤维组织和纤维织体的纤维也可以横向地，例如以基本上互相呈直角的方式延伸，从而使有机板的刚性和强度可以调节到甚至比许多金属的平板产品更高。有机板具有显著的轻量化特性并且因此在汽车和飞机制造中，特别是在电动汽车制造中使用越来越多。
为了变形有机板需要至少部分地，也即至少局部地熔接(熔化)热塑性的塑料基体。然而这里问题是，纤维、特是连续纤维由于其小的断裂伸长率显著妨碍了有机板的可变形性。这样在变形程度小的情况下会导致纤维断裂并因此在待制造的部件上发生损坏。因而通常在待变形的有机板中或待变形的预成型部件中设置切口，从而实现有机板在变形过程中能够滑离。然而，以这种方式会发生材料弱化，例如通过设置额外的下料，也即通过多个不同的下料的分层可以减少材料弱化。替代这种措施，后来的部件同样可以由多个、几何形状简单的单个部件通过互相粘合组装。然而这种替代的方式需要额外的方法步骤，例如准备结合区的表面，涂覆粘合剂，互相固定单个部件和加固(时效硬化)粘合剂。
US6284089B1公开了一种通过热塑性的焊缝用于连接热塑性的复合板的方法，例如用于制造飞机外壳部件。所使用的复合板具有纤维增强的热塑性基体。在此产生重叠区域、特别是指状连接区域，这些区域与相应的连接区域相互交错地焊接。
WO2012/152936A1中已知一种用于制造复合板的方法，其中多个分别具有一个核心层和两个覆盖层的复合板在其侧面边缘上互相紧靠并且通过热压粘合互相连接。在此将至少一个由加强材料制成的条施加到两个相邻的复合板的各个连接区域上并且在板上固定。此外，在复合板待连接的侧面边缘上的覆盖层中成型阶梯形的凹陷，将由加强材料制成的条插入其中，其中插入的条的外侧平齐地与覆盖层的外侧密闭。另外在该方法中设有已连接的复合板的变形。这里在变形前，平行于相邻的侧面边缘延伸的凹痕设置到连接区域中，该连接区域在变形后由细槽限定。
US2013/0149491A1公开了一种用于制造由单向带材组成的对象的方法，该带材具有单向的、注入有聚合树脂的连续纤维。这里将冷却的单向带材的连续区段展开并预成型为具有多个层状的连续纤维的封闭的条。通过加热和使用压力以非连续的方式将已卷取的条(预成型)焊接和时效硬化。
发明内容
以此为出发点，本发明的目的在于提出一种开始提到的类型的方法，通过该方法由具有高的、优选非常高的刚性值和强度值的有机板经济地制造相对大的，三维成型的部件。本发明的目的特别在于这样改善一种开始提到的类型的方法，即该方法提供高的自动化程度以及高的生产率并且从而实现在由有机板制造部件过程中的成本降低。
该目的通过具有权利要求1给出的特征的方法实现。根据本发明的方法的优选的和有利的设计方案在从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明的方法的特征在于下列方法步骤：
-将至少两个有机板相互紧靠形成预成形部件，
-形成至少一个重叠的接合区，在该接合区中使用至少一个成型为有机板的连接部件将相互紧靠的有机板互相固定，
-将由互相固定的有机板形成的预成形部件转移到或进入接合工具，
-借助接合工具通过至少局部的熔化和挤压有机板之间的接合区使预成型部件的有机板连接，并且
-通过至少加固接合区加固已接合的部件，并且特征在于，使用传送装置将有机板的互相固定，传送装置通过夹具、优选针头夹具和/或吸入夹具容纳待互相紧靠形成预成型部件的有机板，并且预成型部件在压紧接合区时至少部分地变形为其他几何结构。
通过根据本发明的方案，由具有高的、优选非常高的刚性值和强度值的有机板经济地制造相对大的，三维成型的部件。
根据本发明制造的部件中，虽然纤维构造、即纤维在接合区中延伸中断，但是通过各个例如成型为带状或角状轮廓形状的、作为有机板的连接部件的纤维结构中的力的再分配，也实现了显著较高的承载能力。连接部件的边缘，特是其长边优选为倾斜的，从而带状或角状轮廓形状的连接部件具有梯形的横截面轮廓，其中该轮廓的较宽的面用作接合面。
根据本发明由单个板状的、不弯曲或仅稍许弯曲的有机板组装部件，有机板使用至少一个成型为有机板的，重叠设置的连接件首先局部地互相固定。为此，待连接的部件(有机板)优选局部加热并且通过待施加的力局部地连接(固定)。该过程步骤可以在接合工具之外借助该接合工具进行有机板之间的接合区的进一步的至少局部熔接(熔化)和压紧并这样有助于生产率提高。为了互相固定有机板的局部的加热优选通过以摩擦焊接、接触焊接、超声波焊接或激光焊接的方式局部的焊接进行。特别是当根据本发明的另一设计方案在有机板的互相固定之前和/或之中将有机板加热到低于或高于其熔化温度的温度时实现可靠的部分连接(固定连接)。
有机板的互相固定可以替代地或补充地使用机械连接装置，例如金属夹进行。分别产生了足够自稳的预成型部件，该部件已经能够转移。
在预成型部件转移到或进入接合工具中后，有机板的真正的连接由接合工具通过至少局部的熔化和压紧有机板间的接合区域进行。在用于连接预成型部件的有机板的接合区中的有机板在此例如通过使用热气流、超声波焊接、红外辐射加热器、感应加热设备或接触加热器进行熔化。在本发明的另一设计方案中，用于压紧接合区的接合力优选通过挤压工具施加，该挤压工具是液压挤压装置的一部分、机器人的一部分或通过液压缸控制的用于局部压紧的装置的一部分。
在接合工具或挤压工具中加固已接合的部件或者接合区。为了加固将已接合的部件或者接合区冷却到低于有机板的熔化温度或重结晶温度的温度。
为了得到具有非常高的刚性以及强度的轻的、三维成型的部件，在根据本发明的方法中优选使用有机板，其热塑性的基体含有连续纤维。还可以替代地或补充地使用其热塑性基体含有长纤维的有机板。
根据本发明的方法的另一有利的设计方案的特征在于，接合区或至少一个接合区两侧都设有成型为有机板的连接部件。以这种方式在相关的接合区中通过两个连接部件的纤维结构中的力的再分配实现了特别高的承载能力，连接部件例如成型为带状或优选为角状轮廓形状。纤维增强的热塑性连接部件在此具有不同的条板厚度或腹板厚度，以便于待制造的部件在轻质结构的意义上理想地适应于未来应用中所预期的材料要求。两个纤维增强的连接部件为此可以替代地或补充地具有不同的纤维取向、纤维长度和/或纤维含量。
本发明的另一有利的设计方案是，有机板的互相固定之前和/或之中将加强材料引入到接合区域中和/或施加到至少一个有机板上。这里同样改善了相关的接合区区域中的承载能力。在此可以例如至少一个板，优选穿孔板、至少一个由金属或者纤维增强的材料制成的型材、至少一个长纤维增强的热塑性的造型材料和/或至少一个由纤维增强的热塑性塑料制成的下料用作加强材料。
为了补充的、真正的有机板的连接，有机板的熔接(熔化)根据本发明以这种方式进行，即预成型部件完全熔化。这当预成型部件在压紧接合区时应当或将要至少部分地变形为其他几何结构时是特别合适。
根据本发明的方法具有下列优点：
·有机板(有机板部分)的安装和使用不复杂；
·在使用连续纤维增强的有机板部分时实现了具有高以及非常高的刚性值和强度值的复杂的三维部件几何形状；
·可以不使用昂贵的粘合剂；
·在单独的过程步骤中的加固相比多个有机板部分的粘合降低了后续加工费用；
·实现根据本发明的方法得到了更高的自动化程度；
·一个或多个成型为有机板的连接部件可以在挤压过程中以平面型材或者角状型材连续地和相对廉价地生产；
·不同的条板横截面或轮廓横截面在此可以通过在相同的挤压工具中更换相对更廉价的模具而生产；
·使用简单的、特别是平面的有机板部分，可使三维的部件几何形状以基本上没有边角料的方式制造；
·因为有机板和成型为有机板的连接部件的接合和只是局部地进行，仅在该局部位置必须使用力和热能。因此在挤压和变形一件式的、大面积的有机板时该过程能效更高。此外，由此也可以使用比在通过相应更高和更重的挤压工具进行一件式的、大面积的有机板的变形的情况下更简单，更轻并因而更廉价的工具或者固定系统；
·对于待制造的部件的每个部分表面可以使用具有预期的、特别是不同的纤维取向和/或不同的厚度的有机板，反之在具有规定的纤维取向的一件式(单片的)有机板变形时则几乎是不可能。
·还可以通过相对简单设计的固定系统制造底切的部件几何形状，而单片的有机板在压紧过程中变形的情况下不能或者只能以高的技术费用实现。
附图说明
下面借助由附图示出的多个实施例详细阐述本发明。附图中示出了：
附图1到4以截面图示出了根据本发明连接的有机板的不同的实施例；
附图5a到5c以截面图示出了一种用于熔接(熔化)和压紧有机板的挤压装置，该有机板在使用连接条的条件下连接，并且
附图6a到6b以立体图示出了具有三维几何形状的根据本发明制造的部件或者以俯视图示出了有机板部分，由这些有机板部分组装成该部件。
具体实施方式
附图1到4所示的实施例基于由两个板状的有机板部分1a,1b组装的弯曲负荷的悬臂。两个有机板部分1a,1b通过带状或角状轮廓形状的连接部件2a,2b互相连接，该连接部件同样由有机板组成。由于连接条2a,2b的热塑性的纤维复合材料产生在拉伸和挤压方向上的不同的机械性能。连接条2a,2b优选具有倾斜的纵向边缘2.1或梯形的横截面轮廓，其中该轮廓的较宽的面用做接合面。有机板部分1a,1b可以具有基本上相同的性能或者在其厚度、纤维取向、纤维长度和/或其纤维含量方面互相不同。
根据附图1的实施例中，板状的有机板部分1a,1b沿着其对接边缘互相紧靠并且通过两个由有机板制造的连接条2a,2b材料配合地相互连接，该连接条设置在接缝S的两侧并且搭接有机板部分1a,1b。连接条2a,2b在这种情况下具有相同的厚度。其基本上相对于接缝S对称地设置。
附图2中示出的实施例与根据附图1的实施例区别在于，板状的有机板部分1a,1b的带状的连接条2a,2b具有不同的厚度。此外纤维增强的连接条2a,2b也在纤维取向方面互相不同。
在附图3示出的实施例中，待互相连接的有机板部分1a,1b设置为互呈角度。其例如可以呈90°的角度。有机板部分1a,1b同样还可以互相设置为呈钝角或锐角。有机板部分1a,1b的彼此相对的边缘1.1在此优选相应地倾斜。当有机板部分互相以大约90°的角度设置时，边缘例如具有大约45°的倾斜度。同样由热塑性的纤维复合材料(有机板)组成的连接部件2a,2b成型为限定相应角度的角状轮廓。
优选通过挤压(连铸)制造带状或者角状连接部件2a,2b。在此可以通过在相同的挤压工具中更换相应的模具制造具有不同的横截面形状的连接部件2a,2b。
附图4所示的实施例与附图1到3的实施例的区别在于，将金属的插入件3、特别是将钢型材或轻金属型材整合到有机板部分1a,1b的连接区域中。插入件3可以例如用作加强部件或用于连接部件上的功能部件。
附图1到4中所示的实施例的变体中，带状或角状轮廓形状的连接条2a或2b只设置在待连接的有机板部分1a,1b的一侧，这同样在本发明的范围中。
有机板部分1a,1b与带状或角状轮廓形状的连接条2a,2b的材料配合地连接分至少两个步骤进行。首先互相紧靠的有机板部分1a,1b与一个或多个重叠设置的连接条2a,2b以固定的方式部分地连接，从而产生大体上自稳的预成型部件。固定优选通过局部的焊接，例如通过局部的超声波焊接、摩擦焊接、激光焊接或接触焊接进行。然后预成型部件可以转移到或进入接合工具，由接合工具通过至少局部的熔化(熔接)和压紧有机板部分1a,1b之间的接合区使之互补并因此互相连接。
附图5a到5c中示出了接合装置的基本构造，该接合装置用于部分地熔化和挤压在连接条2a,2b上固定的有机板部分1a,1b。接合装置具有由上部工具4a和下部工具4b构成的挤压工具。上部工具4a和下部工具4b彼此相对地移动并可以通过液压缸(未示出)能够上升和下降。在该挤压工具中集成了一个用于熔化接合区的装置(未示出)。也可选地为挤压工具预设置有用于熔化接合区的装置。例如通过热风、超声波焊接、红外线、涡流(感应)或者接触加热在接合区中进行有机板1a,1b,2a,2b的熔化(熔接)。
接着通过至少强制冷却熔化的接合区加固已接合的部件。该步骤可以在接合装置中、特别是在挤压工具4a,4b中进行，或者在其外部进行。
附图6a到6b中示出了根据本发明制造的部件B和单个的有机板部分1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f，该部件B由这些有机板部分组装。该部件B例如为机动车的底板总成。部件B的底面1a，侧面和内壁1b,1c,1d,1e以及桥梁板1f从零件堆拆下并且在固定装置(未示出)上互相定位，零件堆分别包括多个相应的有机板零件。接下来的步骤中，由有机板组成的平面的和角状的连接条2a,2b在互相紧靠成预成型部件的零件的接合点上定位并通过位置可变的固定工具在零件1a到1f上固定。固定工具这里例如设有超声波焊接头或者其他的适用于局部熔化(固定)有机板部分1a到1f和有机板-连接条2a,2b的装置。在局部的、相对小的接合点冷却后，产生了材料配合的连接点，该连接点使得预成型部件具有足够的自稳性，从而使其能够转移到接合工具或挤压工具中。在那通过至少局部的熔化和随后的加固进行有机板部分1a到1f和连接条2a,2b互补的和因此完整化的材料配合的接合。
本发明的实施方式并不限于附图中所示的实施例。还可以考虑其他变体，这些变体也可以在任意权利要求中给出的发明的、与这些实施例不同的设计方案中使用。例如在本发明的范围内互相结合附图中所示的不同的实施例的特征。

Claims (16)

1.一种由有机板制造部件(B)的方法，具有下列方法步骤：
-将至少两个有机板(1a,1b；1a到1f)相互紧靠形成预成型部件，
-形成至少一个重叠的接合区，在所述接合区中使用至少一个成型为有机板的连接部件(2a,2b)将相互紧靠的所述有机板(1a,1b；1a到1f)互相固定，
-将由互相固定的所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)形成的预成型部件转移到或进入接合工具(4a,4b)，
-借助所述接合工具通过至少局部地熔化和挤压所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)之间的接合区使所述预成型部件的有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)连接，并且
-通过至少加固所述接合区加固已接合的所述部件(B)，
其特征在于，使用传送装置将所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的互相固定，所述传送装置通过夹具容纳待互相紧靠形成预成型部件的所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)，并且所述预成型部件在压紧接合区时至少部分地变形为其他几何结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使用这样的材料作为所述有机板(1a，1b)，即，其热塑性的基体含有连续纤维或长纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接合区或至少一个所述接合区两侧都设有成型为有机板的连接部件(2a,2b)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过以摩擦焊接、接触焊接、超声焊接或激光焊接的方式的局部焊接将所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的互相固定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，使用机械连接装置进行所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的互相固定。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的互相固定之前和/或之中将加强材料引入到接合区域中和/或施加到至少一个所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个板、至少一个由金属或者纤维增强的材料制成的型材、至少一个长纤维增强的热塑性造型材料和/或至少一个由纤维增强的塑料制成的下料用作加强材料。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的互相固定之前和/或之中将有机板加热到低于或高于其熔化温度的温度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在用于连接所述预成型部件的有机板的接合区中的所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的熔化由接合工具通过使用热气流、超声波焊接、红外辐射加热器、感应加热设备或接触加热器进行。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，以这种方式进行所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的熔化，即，将预成型部件完全熔化。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，挤压工具(4a,4b)用作接合工具，所述挤压工具是通过液压缸控制的用于局部压紧的装置的一部分或液压挤压装置的一部分。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，通过冷却到低于所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的熔化温度的温度进行已接合的所述部件(B)的加固。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，通过冷却到低于所述有机板(1a，1b，2a，2b；1a到1f,2a,2b)的重结晶温度的温度进行已接合的所述部件(B)的加固。
14.根据权利要求1所述所述的方法，其特征在于，所述夹具为针头夹具和/或吸入夹具。
15.根据权利要求5所述所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机械连接装置是金属夹。
16.根据权利要求7所述所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个板是穿孔板。
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