CN105722579A - 用于制备吸着剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述了用于制备吸着剂前体的方法,包括以下步骤:(i)将惰性粒状载体材料和一种或多种粘结剂混合在一起,以形成载体混合物,(ii)通过在造粒机中造粒使载体混合物成型,以形成附聚物,(iii)用包含粒状铜化合物和一种或多种粘结剂的涂层混合物粉末涂覆所述附聚物,以形成经涂覆的附聚物,和(iv)干燥所述经涂覆的附聚物,以形成经干燥的吸着剂前体。可以将所述吸着剂前体硫化并用于从流体料流中除去重金属如汞。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备吸着剂的方法,尤其是用于制备包含铜的吸着剂的方法。
包含铜硫化物的吸着剂可被用于从流体料流中除去重金属。在流体料流如烃或其它气体和液体料流中发现少量重金属如汞。在烃料流中还可以发现少量砷和锑。除了其毒性之外,汞还可以导致铝换热器和其它处理设备失效。因此存在对从流体料流有效除去这些金属,优选在工艺流程中尽早除去的需求。
铜吸着剂常规地为由包含铜的经沉淀的组合物形成的粒状组合物或粒料。
WO2011/021024公开了用于制备吸着剂的方法,包括以下步骤:(i)从溶液或浆料将铜化合物的层施加至载体材料的表面上,和(ii)干燥经涂覆的载体材料,其中在经干燥的载体上的铜化合物层的厚度为1-200μm的范围内。在实施例中,铜化合物的层由铜氨碳酸盐溶液或由碱性碳酸铜的浆料形成。将前体转化为适合于通过施用一种或多种硫化合物以使铜化合物硫化并形成CuS从液体或气体除去重金属的吸着剂。
然而,该方法提供了经涂覆的铜吸着剂,存在对为了更具挑战性的任务而改进吸着剂的物理性质如摩损的需求。
因此,本发明提供了用于制备吸着剂前体的方法,包括以下步骤:
(i)将惰性粒状载体材料和一种或多种粘结剂混合在一起,以形成载体混合物,
(ii)通过在造粒机中造粒使载体混合物成型,以形成附聚物,
(iii)用包含粒状铜化合物和一种或多种粘结剂的涂层混合物粉末涂覆所述附聚物,以形成经涂覆的附聚物,和
(iv)干燥所述经涂覆的附聚物,以形成经干燥的吸着剂前体。
本发明还提供了用于制备吸着剂的方法,包括将所述吸着剂前体用一种或多种硫化合物硫化的步骤。
本发明还提供了通过所述方法可获得的吸着剂和所述吸着剂在从含重金属的流体料流中除去重金属的用途。
“吸着剂”包括吸收剂和吸附剂。
“惰性粒状载体材料”是指不包含粒状铜化合物的载体材料。这样的载体材料包括氧化铝、金属铝酸盐、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌、铝硅酸盐、沸石、金属碳酸盐、碳化硅、碳,或其混合物。所述载体材料提供使吸着剂的物理性质适应任务的手段。因此,可以使得吸着剂的表面积、孔隙率和压碎强度适宜地适合其用途。载体材料期望地是氧化物材料如氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化硅和铝硅酸盐,或这些的两种或多种的混合物。也可以使用水合的氧化物,例如三水合氧化铝或勃姆石。尤其合适的载体是氧化铝和水合氧化铝,特别是三水合氧化铝。颗粒状载体材料期望地为粉末形式,更优选D50粒度在1-100μm,特别是5-20μm范围内的粉末。
可用于制备所述附聚物的粘结剂包括粘土粘结剂如膨润土、海泡石、minugel和绿坡缕石粘土;水泥粘结剂,尤其是氧化铝水泥如cimentfondu;和有机聚合物粘结剂如纤维素粘结剂,或其混合物。尤其是可以形成强附聚物,其中粘结剂是水泥粘结剂与粘土粘结剂的组合。在这样的材料中,水泥与粘土粘结剂的相对重量可以在1:1至3:1的范围(第一粘结剂比第二粘结剂)。附聚物中的粘结剂的总量可以在5-30重量%,优选5-20重量%范围内。一种或多种粘结剂期望地呈粉末,更优选D50粒度在1-100μm,特别是1-20μm范围内的粉末形式。
将粒状载体材料和一种或多种粘结剂混合以形成载体混合物,这可以通过常规共混技术实现。然后将所述混合物在造粒机中造粒,以形成附聚物,其提供基本上不含铜化合物的核心。所述附聚物可以通过在造粒机中将粉末组合物与不足以形成浆料的少许液体如水混合,然后导致所述组合物附聚成大体上球形的粒料而形成。所添加的液体的量将取决于组分的孔隙率和润湿性而变化,但是可以为0.1至0.5ml/g载体混合物。可以使用水性或非水性液体,但是优选水。造粒机设备是商购可得的。所述附聚物优选具有在1-15mm范围内的直径。
可以在涂覆之前将所述附聚物老化和/或干燥,以增强它们的强度。老化和/或干燥优选在20-50℃进行1-10小时,更优选5-8小时。
在优选的实施方案中,所述附聚物包括三水合氧化铝、水泥粘结剂和粘土粘结剂。在所述附聚物中,水泥和粘土粘结剂的优选的量为各自5-15重量%。这样的附聚物提供了高强度的核心,在所述核心上布置所述粒状铜化合物。
适合用于吸着剂前体的粒状铜化合物期望地为可以容易地被硫化的那种,如氧化铜和/或碱性碳酸铜。可以存在一种或多种可硫化的铜化合物。优选的粒状铜化合物包括碱性碳酸铜。所述粒状铜化合物可以是商业来源的或可以例如通过使用碱性沉淀剂从金属盐的溶液沉淀而产生。因此,所述粒状铜化合物可以通过使用碱金属碳酸盐和/或碱金属氢氧化物沉淀剂混合物沉淀碱式碳酸铜和任选的碱式碳酸锌,然后洗涤和干燥沉淀物而制得。因此,所述粒状铜化合物可以包括以下的一种或多种:石青Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2;孔雀石Cu2CO3(OH)2;含锌(zincian)孔雀石Cu2-xZnxCO3(OH)2;斜方绿铜锌矿Cu2-xZnxCO3(OH)2,绿铜锌矿Cu5-xZnx(CO3)2(OH)6和含氧化铝的铜锌碱式碳酸盐水滑石类型材料,其中在沉淀期间纳入氧化铝,例如CuxZn6-xAl2(OH)16CO3.4H2O。所述粒状铜化合物期望地呈粉末,更优选平均粒度,即D50在5-100μm,特别是10-50μm范围内的粉末形式。
不同于造粒或挤出的产品,吸着剂前体的铜含量相对低并且优选在0.5-30重量%(以经干燥的吸着剂前体中存在的铜表示),更优选5-20重量%范围内。尽管该水平低于常规的粒化的材料中的铜的一半,但是令人惊讶地发现经涂覆的吸着剂的效率在捕获汞方面与这些产品相匹配。
涂层混合物包括粒状铜化合物和一种或多种粘结剂。可以使用与附聚物中所使用的相同或不同的粘结剂。涂层混合物的总粘结剂含量可以在5-20重量%范围内,但优选5-15重量%。尤其是我们已发现包括粒状铜化合物和作为仅有的粘结剂的粘土粘结剂的涂层混合物在制备耐磨吸着剂方面尤其有效。因此,涂层混合物可以不含水泥粘结剂。
其它组分也可以存在于涂层混合物中,以增强吸着剂的物理性质或性能。其它的这样的添加剂包括锌化合物如氧化锌、碳酸锌或碱式碳酸锌,或其它过渡金属化合物。然而,当需要吸着剂的高耐水性时,吸着剂中除铜硫化物以外的金属硫化物含量优选为≤5重量%,更优选≤1重量%,最优选≤0.5重量%,特别是≤0.1重量%(基于经硫化的组合物计)。
如果需要的话,可以将另外的材料纳入涂覆组合物,以影响涂层的强度或吸着性。例如,可以纳入氧化铝材料如高表面积过渡型氧化铝(例如γ氧化铝)或水合氧化铝(例如三水合氧化铝或勃姆石),以催化COS水解或改进耐磨性。所述氧化铝或水合氧化铝的量可以在涂层混合物的1-15重量%范围内。
可以使用常规共混技术通过简单混合所述粒状铜化合物和一种或多种粘结剂和任选的其它组分制备涂层混合物。
可以将涂层混合物与附聚物合并,以形成在它们的表面上具有粒状铜化合物的层的经涂覆的附聚物。这可以通过在造粒机中翻腾时将涂层混合物简单地添加至附聚物来实现。在添加或不添加另外的液体的情况下可以形成经涂覆的附聚物。使所使用的液体的量最小化有利地缩短它们的干燥时间并且降低形成不期望的涂层混合物本身的附聚物的可能性。然而,当干燥和/或老化附聚物时可能需要另外的液体。所使用的液体的量可以为0.1至0.5ml/g涂层混合物。可以使用水性或非水性液体,但优选水。经涂覆的附聚物的尺寸极大地由附聚物的尺寸决定。因此,经涂覆的附聚物优选具有在1-15mm范围内的直径。
铜化合物存在于在附聚物的表面上的层中。经干燥的吸着剂前体中的层的厚度可以在1至1000μm(微米)范围内,但是优选在1-500微米,更优选1-250微米范围内。较薄的层使得更有效地使用所施加的铜。
尤其优选的吸着剂前体包括作为在附聚物的表面上的1至1000μm厚度的表面层涂覆的粒状碱性碳酸铜连同粘土粘结剂,所述附聚物由与水泥粘结剂和粘土粘结剂结合在一起的粒状水合氧化铝载体材料形成。
将经涂覆的附聚物干燥。干燥温度优选保持在≤200℃,更优选≤150℃,以避免铜化合物的本体分解。最高120℃的干燥温度是优选的,例如可以便利地在约70-120℃于空气中干燥经涂覆的附聚物。干燥时间可以在0.25-16小时范围内。
可以筛分经干燥的吸着剂前体,以产生期望的粒度级分。
可以硫化经干燥的吸着剂前体,以将铜化合物转化成铜硫化物并将产生的经铜硫化物涂覆的吸着剂用于从流体料流中除去重金属。术语“重金属”包括汞、砷、铅、镉和锑,但本发明的吸着剂尤其对从流体料流中除去汞和砷,特别是汞有用。
虽然可以例如通过将经干燥的吸着剂前体在空气或惰性气体中加热至在250-500℃范围内的温度而将其煅烧,但这并非必需,因为我们已发现可以将铜化合物直接硫化而不进行该额外步骤。
将铜化合物转变成硫化铜(II)(CuS)的硫化步骤可以通过使层中的铜化合物与硫化合物反应而进行,所述硫化合物选自硫化氢、碱金属硫化物、硫化铵或多硫化物。硫化氢是优选的并且可以便利地作为与惰性气体的混合物使用。如果需要的话,所述气体混合物可以包含其它硫化合物如羰基硫化物或挥发性硫醇。所述惰性气体可以为氮气、氦气或氩气;优选氮气。也可以使用二氧化碳。硫化气体混合物优选不含还原性气体如氢气和一氧化碳,但是这些在低于150℃,尤其是低于100℃进行硫化步骤时可以存在。优选将硫化氢在气体料流中以0.1至5体积%的浓度提供至经干燥的吸着剂前体。硫化温度优选在1至150℃,更优选1至100℃的范围内。
硫化步骤可以在硫化试剂所穿过的硫化容器中在经干燥的吸着剂前体上异位地进行,或在经干燥的吸着剂前体组合物安置于容器中并在其中经受硫化情况下,硫化步骤可以原位地进行,在所述容器中将所述经干燥的吸着剂前体组合物用于吸收重金属。使用硫化剂料流或当包含重金属的料流还包含硫化合物时使用含重金属的料流本身,可以实现原位硫化。当发生这样相伴的硫化和重金属吸收时,存在的硫化合物的量取决于所使用的金属化合物和硫化合物的类型。通常,使用至少1且优选至少10的由硫化合物(以硫化氢表示)浓度(v/v)比重金属浓度(v/v)之比定义的浓度比例,使得前体充分硫化。如果进料料流中的硫化合物的初始浓度低于建立硫化合物比重金属浓度的期望的比例必需的水平,则优选的是通过任意合适的方法增加硫化合物的浓度。
优选将根据本发明制备的经硫化的吸着剂预硫化,尤其是当待处理的流体包含游离水时。
优选地,将吸着剂前体中存在的铜的≥80重量%硫化,更优选≥90重量%,更优选≥95重量%。吸着剂中基本上全部的经硫化的铜期望地呈硫化铜(II)(CuS)的形式。
可以将吸着剂用于处理包含重金属的液态流体料流和气态流体料流二者,尤其是包含汞和/或砷的流体料流。在一个实施方案中,所述流体料流为烃料流。所述烃料流可以为精炼厂烃料流如石脑油(例如包含5个或更多个碳原子且最终常压沸点高达204℃的烃)、中间馏分或常压瓦斯油(例如具有177℃至343℃的常压沸程)、真空瓦斯油(例如常压沸程343℃至566℃)或渣油(常压沸点高于566℃),或通过例如催化重整由这样的原料生产的烃料流。精炼厂烃料流还包括载体料流如FCC工艺中所使用的“循环油”和溶剂萃取中所使用的烃。所述烃料流还可以是原油料流,特别是当原油相对轻质时,或是例如从焦油或煤提取生产的合成原油料流。气态烃可以使用本发明的方法处理,例如天然气或精制石蜡或烯烃。海上原油和海上天然气料流尤其可以用所述吸着剂处理。也可以处理受污染的燃料如汽油或柴油。或者,所述烃可以是冷凝物如天然气液(NGL)或液化石油气(LPG),或者气体如煤层甲烷、掩埋气或生物气。气态烃,如天然气和伴生气是优选的。
可以使用所述吸着剂处理的非烃流体料流包括可以用于强化采油工艺或碳捕获及封存中的二氧化碳,用于除去咖啡中的咖啡因、香味和香气提取、煤的溶剂萃取等的溶剂。诸如在洗涤工艺或干燥工艺中所使用的醇(包括二醇)和醚(例如三乙二醇、单乙二醇、RectisolTM、PurisolTM和甲醇)的流体料流可以通过本发明方法进行处理。还可以从酸性气体脱除装置内所使用的胺料流中除去汞。任选地在例如为了形成生物柴油的进一步加工如氢化或酯交换之后,天然油类和脂肪如植物油和鱼油可以进行处理。
可以进行处理的其它流体料流包括来自脱水装置的再生气体,如分子筛废气或来自二元醇干燥器再生的气体。
当流体料流包含水、优选以0.02至1体积%的低水平包含水时,所述吸着剂有用。至多5体积%的更高水平在短时间内可以容忍。在长时间暴露于水之后,简单地通过用干燥气体、优选干燥的惰性气体如氮气吹扫,可以使所述吸着剂简单地再生。
优选地,在低于150℃的温度、优选在120℃或以下进行重金属的吸着,因为在这样的温度,重金属吸着的总体能力提高。可以使用低至4℃的温度。优选温度范围是10至80℃。穿过所述吸着剂的气时空速可以在正常使用的范围内。
此外,本发明可以用于处理包含一种或多种还原剂如氢气和/或一氧化碳,尤其氢气的液态和气态流体料流。在一个实施方案中,流体料流是包含溶解的氢气和/或一氧化碳的液态烃料流。在另一实施方案中,流体料流是包含氢气和/或一氧化碳的气态料流,即还原性气体料流。可以受益于该方法的气体料流包括来自常规蒸汽重整工艺和/或部分氧化工艺的合成气料流,和来自煤气化器的合成气料流,例如作为IGCC工艺的一部分,其在气体洗涤和热回收(冷却)步骤之后,并且在酸气转换阶段之前。可以受益于本发明的其它料流包括精炼厂排放料流,精炼厂裂解器料流,高炉气,还原性气体、尤其是富含氢气的气体料流,富含乙烯的料流,和液态或气态烃料流,例如石脑油,它们从烃处理工艺如加氢脱硫或加氢脱氮进料或回收。
使用中,可以将所述吸着剂放置在吸收容器中并且使含重金属的流体料流流过。期望地,根据已知方法将所述吸着剂放置在容器中作为一个或多个固定床。可以使用多于一个床并且所述床在组成上可以相同或不同。
通过参考以下实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例1.
根据以下处方制备附聚物(全部为重量份)。
100份铝三水合物粉末[D5010μm]
7份CimentFondu(铝酸钙)
7份Attagel50(绿坡缕石粘土)
混合干燥的粉末,以确保均质性,然后使用造粒技术,其中将混合的粉末置于造粒机中并与水合并(0.2ml/g混合物)和混合,在EirichTM造粒机中形成附聚物。将产生的附聚物指定为材料A。
在造粒机中用少许水(0.1ml/g混合物)将碱性碳酸铜粉末(100重量份)(D5010-20μm)和绿坡缕石粘土(10重量份)的混合物直接施加至经附聚的材料A上,然后在105℃干燥以产生负载有10重量%铜的经干燥的吸着剂前体B。筛分粒料以提供在2.80-3.35mm范围内的粒度级分。
使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度(20℃)并于常压硫化吸着剂前体B以产生吸着剂C。
使用更大量的涂层混合物对附聚物材料A重复所述方法,以产生负载有18重量%铜的经干燥的吸着剂前体D。
使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度和常压硫化吸着剂前体D以产生吸着剂E。
使用涂层混合物对附聚物材料A重复所述方法,以产生负载有10重量%铜的经干燥的吸着剂前体J。
使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度和常压硫化吸着剂前体J以产生吸着剂K。
实施例2.
根据实施例1中所描述的方法制备材料A的附聚物。
在造粒机中用少许水(0.1ml/g混合物)将包括碱性碳酸铜、碱性碳酸锌和氧化铝的沉淀的组合物(100重量份)与绿坡缕石粘土(10重量份)混合并将混合物直接施加至材料A上,然后立即于在105℃干燥的实验室流化床中干燥,以产生负载有10重量%铜的经干燥的吸着剂前体F。
使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度和压力硫化吸着剂前体F以产生吸着剂G。
实施例3.
根据实施例1中所描述的方法制备材料A的附聚物。
在造粒机中用少许水(0.1ml/g混合物)将包括碱性碳酸铜和碱性碳酸锌的沉淀的组合物(100重量份)与绿坡缕石粘土(10重量份)混合并将混合物直接施加至材料A上,然后立即于在105℃干燥的实验室流化床中干燥,以产生负载有10重量%铜的经干燥的吸着剂前体H。
使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度和压力硫化吸着剂前体H以产生吸着剂I。
实施例4:对比
根据WO2011/021024的方法制备吸着剂。
载体涂层制备。在搅拌下将547ml去离子水加热至52℃。逐步添加128g的碱性碳酸铜,然后添加28gDisperalP2和4gAttagel50的混合物。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后使用珠磨研磨至0.2-5.2μm的粒度。最终浆料的固含量测定为19重量%和pH为6.44。
吸着剂制备。将500g的θ/δ氧化铝球用上述浆料喷涂,以实现均匀的涂层。在涂覆过程期间通过施加热空气(于50℃)干燥经涂覆的球,以产生负载有10重量%铜的吸着剂前体L。然后使用1体积%的在氮气中的硫化氢于环境温度和常压硫化前体L,以产生吸着剂M。
实施例5:测试
单独地将吸着剂C、E、G和I装料(2.80-3.35mm粒度级分,体积25ml)至不锈钢反应器(21mmID)。使100体积%天然气的流穿过包含单质汞的鼓泡器,以使所述气体拾取汞。然后在以下条件下使负载汞的气体向下游穿过反应器。
压力:10巴表压
温度:30℃
气流:110.2NL.hr-1
接触时间:8秒
测试时间:690小时
通过原子荧光检测定期分析来自反应器入口和出口的样品的汞含量。入口气体具有约1,100μg/m3的汞浓度。在测试中吸着剂C、E、G和I自始至终将出口气体的汞含量降低至低于可检测极限。在每个测试结束时,将25ml吸着剂床取出为9份离散的亚床,将其研磨成细粉末并通过酸消化/ICP-OES分析,以测定总汞含量。被每个吸着剂床捕获的汞的量示于表1中。
表1
全部吸着剂对于除去汞有效,并且吸着剂C和E提供最尖锐的曲线。
实施例6:测量孔尺寸
将吸着剂前体J和吸着剂K连同对比吸着剂前体L和吸着剂M在115℃干燥过夜并使用水银孔隙率法分析,从而探测它们的孔尺寸。结果示于表2中。
表2
粒化的核壳材料具有比载体涂覆的材料更小的孔体积,但具有更大的孔径。这表明它们包含比包含更多较小尺寸的孔的载体涂覆的材料更少的较大的孔。核壳材料的捕获值更大,表明更复杂的孔网络。
Claims (25)
1.用于制备吸着剂前体的方法,包括以下步骤:
(i)将惰性粒状载体材料和一种或多种粘结剂混合在一起,以形成载体混合物,
(ii)通过在造粒机中造粒使载体混合物成型,以形成附聚物,
(iii)用包含粒状铜化合物和一种或多种粘结剂的涂层混合物粉末涂覆所述附聚物,以形成经涂覆的附聚物,和
(iv)干燥所述经涂覆的附聚物,以形成经干燥的吸着剂前体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述惰性粒状载体材料选自氧化铝、金属铝酸盐、碳化硅、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌、铝硅酸盐、沸石、金属碳酸盐、碳,或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述惰性粒状载体材料选自氧化铝和水合氧化铝。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述惰性粒状载体材料呈D50粒度在1-100μm,优选5-20μm范围内的粉末的形式。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中用于制备所述附聚物的粘结剂选自粘土粘结剂、水泥粘结剂和有机聚合物粘结剂及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中用于制备所述附聚物的粘结剂是水泥粘结剂与粘土粘结剂的组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中水泥粘结剂与粘土粘结剂的相对重量在1:1至3:1范围内(第一粘结剂比第二粘结剂)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中附聚物中的粘结剂的总量在5-30重量%,优选5-20重量%范围内。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中附聚物具有在1-15mm范围内的直径。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述粒状铜化合物是选自以下的一种或多种化合物:氧化铜、碱性碳酸铜和包含碱性碳酸铜和碱性碳酸锌的沉淀材料。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述粒状铜化合物呈具有在5-100μm,优选10-50μm范围内的平均粒度[D50]的粉末的形式。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其中经干燥的吸着剂前体的铜含量在0.5-30重量%范围内(以经干燥的材料中存在的铜表示),优选5-20重量%。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中涂层混合物的总粘结剂含量在5-20重量%,优选5-15重量%范围内。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法,其中涂层混合物包括粒状铜化合物和粘土粘结剂作为仅有的粘结剂。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法,其中铜化合物作为在附聚物表面上的层存在并且经干燥的吸着剂前体中的层的厚度在1至1000μm(微米),优选1-500微米,更优选1-250微米范围内。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述吸着剂前体包括作为在附聚物的表面上的1至1000μm厚度的表面层涂覆的粒状碱性碳酸铜和粘土粘结剂的混合物,所述附聚物由与水泥粘结剂和粘土粘结剂结合一起的粒状水合氧化铝载体材料形成。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法,其中通过在造粒机中将涂层混合物添加至附聚物涂覆所述附聚物。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法,其中在70-150℃干燥经涂覆的附聚物。
19.用于制备吸着剂的方法,包括制备根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的吸着剂前体,并使经干燥的吸着剂前体经受硫化步骤,以将铜化合物转化成铜硫化物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中硫化步骤通过使铜化合物与硫化合物反应进行,所述硫化合物选自硫化氢、碱金属硫化物、硫化铵、单质硫或多硫化物。
21.根据权利要求19或权利要求20所述的方法,其中在惰性气体中以0.1至5体积%范围内的浓度使用硫化氢进行硫化步骤。
22.根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的方法,其中硫化步骤在硫化试剂所穿过的硫化容器中在经干燥的吸着剂前体上异位地进行,或硫化步骤原位地进行,在该情况下经干燥的吸着剂前体组合物安置于容器中并在其中经受硫化,在所述容器中将所述经干燥的吸着剂前体组合物用于吸收重金属。
23.通过根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法能够获得的吸着剂前体。
24.通过根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的方法能够获得的吸着剂。
25.用于从流体料流中除去重金属的方法,包括使所述流体料流与根据权利要求23所述的所制备的吸着剂或根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法制备的吸着剂接触。
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GB201509822D0 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2015-07-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method for preparing a sorbent |
EP3334691B1 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2023-11-15 | Uop Llc | Composition and process for removing chlorides from a gaseous stream |
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