AU7566296A - Method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material - Google Patents
Method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate materialInfo
- Publication number
- AU7566296A AU7566296A AU75662/96A AU7566296A AU7566296A AU 7566296 A AU7566296 A AU 7566296A AU 75662/96 A AU75662/96 A AU 75662/96A AU 7566296 A AU7566296 A AU 7566296A AU 7566296 A AU7566296 A AU 7566296A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- granules
- particulate material
- carbonaceous
- ores
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Description
TITLE
METHOD FOR PREPARING HARDENED GRANULES FROM A
PARTICULATE MATERIAL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material which comprises admixing to the particulate material an aqueous inorganic binder, converting the resulting moist mixture into granules and hardening said granules. The invention also relates to new uses of granules thus prepared and to novel granulates for such uses. BACKGROUND ART
US-A-4917732 discloses a process whereby fly ash and slag from gasification of coal are combined to produce a composite which may be used in road construction.
EP-A-0 346 992 discloses a process for manufacturing a hardenable mixture containing coal ash and fly ash which is essentially free of CaO CaSO4.0H2O and a building component made from a hardenable mixture.
EP-A-0 152 637 discloses a method of forming granules wherein the granules are heated by means of heat provided by slaking calcium oxide. The obtained granules are envisaged to be used as an aggregate for concrete.
EP-A-0 296 621 discloses a method for producing hard granules from an ash comprising a coal ash and used desulphurizing agent which granules are ground to obtain a high CBR value by pulverizing them. The ground material thus obtained may have effective utilization as a material in the civil engineering and construction industry.
EP-A-0 301 661 discloses granulating and hardening of a mixture of an inorganic binder, water and fly ash.
EP-A-0 038 599 discloses production of a granulated material comprising a filler possessing
latent hydraulic properties and an inorganic binder, for use as additive in concrete.
In the prior art relatively low grade particulate materials such as fly ash are processed in order to dispose of them. The processed materials are used as land filling or for road building and construction purposes.
EP-A-0499779 discloses a process for treatment of a metal containing mixture of solid and liquid waste streams, the mixture occurring in a condition in which it can not be used or only with difficulty, by admixing fly ash and / or coke dust to an extent to form dry agglomerates having a grain size of up to 4 mm that can be recycled in a metallurgical process or for cement manufacture. According to EP-A-0499779 if fly ash having pozzolanic properties is used the mixture can be pelletized and the pellets so obtained can be hardened to give them the level of strength required for the metallurgical process, or the mixture can be briquetted. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found surprisingly that when applying certain process conditions to materials comprising ingredients suitable as a raw material or an agent in a chemical or physical process, these can be converted into hardened granules which can be advantageously used as an active feed stock component in such a chemical or physical process.
The present invention provides a method as set out in the opening paragraph which is characterised in that it comprises the stepε of
(i) selecting a particulate material comprising ingredients suitable as a raw material or an agent in a selected chemical or physical process;
(ii) were applicable bringing the particulate material to a particle size distribution suitable for aggregation into granules;
(iii) composing and mixing a mixture comprising
the particulate material; - an aqueous inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of a calcareous binder, cementitious binder, hydraulic cement, Portland cement, high alumina cement, a mixture of a source of calciumhydroxide with a source of silica, lime, gypsum and dolomite; bringing about a moisture content so that a granulatable mixture is obtained;
(iv) forming granules; (v) hardening said granules at a temperature above room temperature and below the boiling temperature of the moisture whilst sticking together of the granules is avoided and where applicable excess moisture from the granules is extracted; (vi) withdrawing the hardened granules in the form of a feed stock component for said selected process. The particulate material to be processed according to the invention is a raw material suitable to be used as feed stock in e.g. a high temperature industrial process. The particulate material can be a partly pyrolysed material, including for example a gasification residue from the gasification of carbonaceous solids such as black coal, lignite (brown coal) or wood. Other particulate materials are organic carbonaceous material like chars from various sources, wood charcoal, activated carbon from the partial combustion of coca-nut shells or the like, and coke, in particular derived from black coking coal, etc. and also anorganic fine materials like base metal containing ore, furnace dust, residues from recycling processes, dust from bulk materials handling in terminals, harbours, industries, etc. The invention is also applicable to pretreated and upgraded residues, where pretreatment of wet and or coarse material takes place by drying and/or crushing,
milling, etc. in order to obtain a fine product for further treatment and upgrading is obtained by increasing the carbon content thereof and/or reducing the content of harmful contaminants, for example phosphorus, sulphur, heavy metals or other specific components.
However, with respect to carbonaceous material the invention is not limited to pyrolysed, partly pyrolysed or natural carbonaceous substances, but extends to carbonaceous particulate materials selected from the group consisting of bituminous black coal, sub- bituminous black coal, brown coal, coal fines, coke, char, anthracite, wood derived charcoal, gasification residue, activated carbon, carbon black and duff coal, as is and after upgrading.
The metallic and/or metalliferous material can be fines from the mining or handling of ferrous metal ores, heavy metal ores, mill scale, foundry dust, dust from metallurgical flue gas cleaning systems, and carry-over material from metallurgical processing slags from metallurgical processes such as titanium slag, or metal oxides, reducible metal ores, chromite ores, ferromanganese ores, ferrous titanium ores, ferrous vanadium ores, hematite, magnetite, limonite, rutile, baddeliyte and other zirconium oxide ores, sulfidic ores.
The particulate material can also be a mixture of carbonaceous and metalliferous materials.
The combination of metalliferous and carbonaceous materials in a granule gives distinct advantages when combined with the low temperature hardening employed. By feeding such a combination into a metallurgical furnace the ore and the reductant can be placed together in the heat zone of the furnace which yields higher metal recovery rates with higher carbon efficiency.
Preferably the particulate material to be used in step (iii) is provided having a moisture content of
lower than 15 % by weight.
Preferably, in cases where the granules are metalliferous, for use in a thermal metallurgical process and where the granules contain from 0 up to 20 % by weight of combustible carbon, the crushing strength of the hardened granules withdrawn is not less than 3
N/mm2, preferably from 5 N/mm2 up to about 7 N/mm2, and more particularly 6 N/mm2.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the source of calciumhydroxide expressed as calcium oxide is: between 2 and 12 % weight by weight of the particulate material, more preferably between 4 and 10 % weight by weight of the particulate material, most preferably
- between 6 and 8 % weight by weight of the particulate material. The source of silica used to obtain the desired reactions is a silicon containing composition like sodium silicate, magnesium silicate or another silicon compound with the ability to release silica in the presence of calcium hydroxide.
The amount of the silicon containing composition required for the desired reactions with the source of calciumhydroxide expressed as silica is: between 1 and 6 % weight by weight of the particulate material, more preferably between 2 and 5 % weight by weight of the particulate material, most preferably - between 2 and 4 % weight by weight of the particulate material. Preferably more than 90 % of the particulate material is in the overall particle size range of 5 to
2000 μm, more preferably at least 50 % is in the overall particle size range of 100 to 1000 μm. In case of a coarser material the indicated preferable grainsize can be achieved by crushing and milling.
The source of calcium hydroxide may be calς.ium oxide, lime, latent hydraulic components which produce calcium hydroxide when mixed with water, gypsum and calcined dolomite, which may optionally be partly or wholly slaked.
According to further preferred features of the invention there is provided between the steps of forming the granules and hardening the granules the further step of applying a coating material to form coated granules. In a further embodiment according to the invention the method comprises during the step of hardening the granules embedding the granules in an embedding material suitable for avoiding sticking together of the granules and extracting excess moisture from the granule where applicable. The coating material may be the same material as the embedding material. Preferably the coating and/or the embedding material has a water absorption capacity of at least 8 % by its own weight, more preferably of at least 10 %, most preferably of between 15 and 25 %.
In another embodiment of the invention at least 80 % of the coating and/or the embedding material is in the overall particle size range of 2 to 1200 μm and at least 90 % is smaller than 2000 μm. Preferably the coating and/or the embedding material is the particulate material itself, or another powdery material from coal combustion, gasification, etc.
Where coating and/or embedding is merely applied in order to further hardening and obviate sticking together of the granules in a bulk hardening step, it may be advantageous to include a step (vii) of substantially removing the coating and/or embedding material from the granules e.g. by mechanical abrasion. It is possible to recycle used coating and/or embedding material by drying it to a moisture content of lower than 5 % by weight after it is separated from the
hardened granules.
A further aspect of the invention when the particulate material is a carbonaceous material is the use of the hardened granules as a fuel, as a reducing agent, as a gasification raw material, as a carbide production raw material or as an absorbent in a physical process. The use of upgraded carbonaceous residues, in the said granules as a reducing agent, is of importance in the reduction of base metals, for example ferrous metals and other base metals products, but in particular in the industries where low levels of contaminants like phosphorus and sulphur is of the utmost importance.
The carbonaceous and metalliferous granulates may in particular be used as feed stock in a high temperature chemical or metallurgical process.
Carbonaceous granules of high carbon and low volatiles content are suitable as a low cost smokeless fuel, e.g. for domestic heating and cooking. Physical processes include adsorption processes for which purpose the carbonaceous component may be activated or reactivated in manners known per se.
Another aspect of the invention is the processing of dust from gas cleaning systems, carry-over material, foundry dust, dust from ore handling etc. into granules which can advantageously be used to extract metals.
Herewith an interesting industrial application of these dusty materials is achieved.
The invention is also embodied in a granulate for use as feed stock in a selected chemical or physical process comprising a binder from the group consisting of a calcareous binder, cementitious binder, hydraulic cement, Portland cement, high alumina cement, a mixture of a source of calciumhydroxide with a source of silica, lime, gypsum and dolomite and an ingredient suitable as a raw material or an agent in said process selected from the group consisting of combustible carbonaceous materials, metallic or metalliferous materials.
Granules of a spherical form with a size of not less than 8 mm comprising carbonaceous and metalliferous materials are advantageously used in a metallurgical process as elements to form a packed bed and assist in giving the bed the required structure since a compressive strength of more than 4.8 N/mm2 is obtainable when complying with certain aspects of the invention, as exemplified in the examples.
A raw material or an agent in the form of a granulate preferably having a spherical form and size of from 8 to 35 mm can be handled and dosed easily. According to the invention in an aspect the granulate comprises a substantial amount of carbon of more than 25 % by weight and/or of a metal in metallic or metalliferous form of more than 10 % by weight expressed as the metal and has a hardness in the range of 3 - 10 N/mm2.
The hardness is sufficient not to crush under normal handling conditions. On the other hand the hardness is not as high as that of sintered pellets. An interesting feature of the invention is that the granulate is obtained by hardening at a temperature as low as below 150 °C. This has the additional benefit that no or only limited oxidizing occurs during hardening.
The invention will now be described in some aspects. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In case of wet and/or coarse material a pretreatment step comprising of drying, crushing or milling will be required to achieve a processable material.
An installation as for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a mixer, receiving the particulate material from a material supply hopper, a calcium oxide from a supply hopper, a silicate composition from supply hopper, water from a water
supply container and optionally other components from a miscellaneous supply hopper. The materials are premixed in a screw conveyor and dosed in a high speed, high shear mixer, where the above mentioned components are intensively mixed to obtain the desired homogeneous composition.
This composition is then transported to a rotating granulator. Granules of spherical form produced in the granulator are deposited upon a belt together with a dry material for embedding.
The embedded granules are then conveyed into a hardening reactor. By means of steam the temperature of the embedded granules is elevated to the desired temperature. After hardening, hardened granules are obtained by separating the granules from the embedding material by means of a screen. The embedding material can be recycled into the process if it is the same particulate material or re-used for embedding after drying. The invention is furthermore illustrated by means of the following examples.
Example I
Carbonaceous residue from a gasification process as the particulate material, having a carbon content of 45 % and a moisture content of 52,5 %, was dried to a moisture content of 14 % and mixed with 7 % of lime as binder and 3 % sodium silicate as additive. These materials were firstly premixed and then, under the addition of water, intensively mixed in a high intensity mixer. This resulted in a so-called green mix. The green mixture had a moisture content of 24,3 % and a pH of 12,2.
The green mix was then converted to granules in a granulator. The moisture content of the resultant green granules was 27,5 %.
The green granules were embedded in the same but
dried carbonaceous residue with a moisture content of 3 % as the embedding material and transported to a curing silo in which they were heated up by dosing of steam. Curing took place at 100 % relative humidity at a temperature of about 85 °C for 20 hours.
After curing the material was screened and the embedding material recovered for use to produce green pellets. In another test the same was repeated, however the embedding material was dried after screening and used again as embedding material. In another test the green pellets were embedded in coal fly-ash, which was dried for re-use as embedding material.
The resultant granule strength measured for granules of a mean grain size φ 10 mm in all these cases was 6,2 N/mm2, ± 10 %.
Alternative investigated binders to process this residue include binders like cement and bentonite in quantities of between 2 and 10 %. Granules strengths then obtained were in the range from 0,6 N/mm2 to 1,2 N/mm2.
Example II
Example I is repeated, however now instead of the high intensity mixer a conventional mixer of the type normally used for mixing concrete components was used. All other features of the process were carefully held the same. The resultant granules strength was now 2,3 N/mm2 measured for φ 10 mm granules.
Example III
Example I was repeated with 4 % lime addition as binder and the resultant granule strength, size φ 10 mm, was 1,6 N/mm2.
Example IV
The procedure of example I was repeated without however adding any additive. A granule strength of 2,5
and 3,0 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) was obtained.
Example V
Example I is repeated with upgraded gasifier residue as the particulate material having a carbon content of 75 % and a moisture content of 42,7 % as a raw material. Prior to processing the particulate material was dried to a moisture content of 14 %. The resultant granules strength was 7,2 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) .
Example VI
Example I is repeated using anthracite as the particulate material. The anthracite fines have a carbon content of 85 % and a moisture content of 30 %. Prior to processing the material was dried to a moisture content of 14 %.The resultant granules strength was 6,5 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) .
Example VII Example I is repeated using coal particles and fines with a size distribution of 0,5 - 200 mm as the particulate material and embedding material. Prior to processing the material was crushed and ground to particles smaller than 2 mm. The resultant granules strength was 6,3 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) .
Example VIII
Fines from iron ore resulting from transport and handling of the ore were processed as the particulate material according to the same method as example I, using both fine ore and coal fly-ash as embedding material. The resultant granules strength was 5,9 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) .
Example IX
Example I was repeated however now a chromium ore was used as the particulate material for producing the
granules .
The resultant granules strength was 6,1 N/mm2 (size ø 10 mm) .
Example X
Example I was repeated however now an iron ore dust and fine coke mixture was used as the particulate material to produce the granules.
The resultant granules strength was 4,8 N/mm2 (size φ 10 mm) .
Example XI
Example I is repeated however now a mixture containing of equal amounts of chromium dust and fine coal was used as the particulate material to produce the granules.
The resultant granules strength was 6,0 N/mm2 (size ø 10 mm) .
Example XII
Trials with coke breeze granules were performed in a furnace for the reduction of iron ore. Coke, normally used as reductant was replaced by coke breeze granules obtained according to the invention. The amount of used was based on the equivalent carbon content. The recoveries achieved with the coke breeze were more than 95 % which is equal to normal recoveries achieved with coke. The coke breeze remain their strength at the high temperatures and therefore proved to be an excellent carrier for the iron ore in the furnace.
Example XIII
The above trials were repeated however now coal fines were used instead of coke breeze granules. Recoveries achieved were similar to the earliest tests. At temperatures higher than 900 °C, the coal granules lost some of their strengths and therefore it is in this
case advisable to replace only a part, e.g. _50 % of the coke or coke breeze pellets by coal pellets.
Example XIV The above mentioned test was repeated however now the coke was replaced by coke breeze granules and the iron ore was replaced by granules produced with iron ore dust. Recoveries achieved were more than 95 %. Two waste materials from the iron and steel industry (coke breeze is a waste material from the coke factory) and iron ore dust (dust of filters from handling and processing of iron) are combined to produce iron.
Example XV The above mentioned test was repeated but now copper ore dust was used for the production of granules. These granules together with coke breeze granules were successfully used for the production of copper.
Example XVI
Granules produced according to the invention using as the particulate material a high carbon residual material with a carbon content of 76 % and as the binder 6 % lime, were used as an adsorbent for removing organic components from an industrial effluent. The granules were capable of removing 33 % of the impurities from the effluent.
Example XVII Trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of a carbon containing granulate (67 % C) prepared according to the invention as reductant in a process to recover chrome from chrome ore, as compared to that in the known process using normal cokes as the reductant. The chrome recovery was 76,1 % when using the granulate according to the invention and 71-74 % when using conventional coke reductants. Carbon efficiency when
using said granulate was 77.9 % versus a previous best of 76.3 % on the particular furnace with conventional coke reductant.
The contents of the priority documents and of the following claims form part of the present disclosure.
Claims (29)
1. A method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material which comprises admixing to the particulate material an aqueous inorganic binder, converting the resulting moist mixture into granules and hardening said granules, characterised in that it comprises the steps of (i) selecting a particulate material comprising ingredients suitable as a raw material or an agent in a selected chemical or physical process;
(ii) were applicable bringing the particulate material to a particle size distribution suitable for aggregation into granules; (iii) composing and mixing a mixture comprising - the particulate material;
- an aqueous inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of a calcareous binder, cementitious binder, hydraulic cement, Portland cement, high alumina cement, a mixture of a source of calciumhydroxide with a source of silica, lime, gypsum and dolomite; bringing about a moisture content so that a granulatable mixture is obtained;
(iv) forming granules; (v) hardening said granules at a temperature above room temperature and below the boiling temperature of the moisture whilst sticking together of the granules is avoided and where applicable excess moisture from the granules is extracted; (vi) withdrawing the hardened granules in the form of a feed stock component for said selected process.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the granules obtained in step (vi) comprise combustible carbon in an amount of more than 20 % and up to 98 % by weight.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the particulate material is or includes a carbonaceous material selected from the group consisting of one ore more of gasification residues, beneficiated gasification residues, bituminous black coal, sub-bituminous black coal, brown coal, coal fines, coke, char, anthracite, wood-derivated charcoal and duff coal, as is and after beneficiation.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the carbonaceous material is at least one of a gasification residue and beneficiated gasification residue having a carbon content of more than 30 % and up to 98 % by weight.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the carbonaceous material is at least one of a gasification residue and beneficiated gasification residue having a carbon content of more than 60 % and up to 98 % by weight.
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the granules obtained in step (vi) comprise a metal in a metallic or metalliferous form in excess of 10 % by weight expressed as the metal .
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the particulate material is selected from the group consisting of one ore more of fines from the mining or handling of ferrous metal ores, heavy metal ores, mill scale, foundry dust, dust from metallurgical flue gas cleaning systems, and carry-over material or slag from metallurgical processing.
8. A method according to claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the particulate material is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, reducible metal ores, chromite ores, ferromanganese ores, ferrous titanium ores, ferrous vanadium ores, hematite, magnetite, limonite, rutile, baddeliyte and other zirconium oxide ores, sulfidic ores.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the granules obtained in step (vi) comprise a substantial amount of a carbonaceous ingredient as well as a substantial amount of a metalliferous ingredient, the ingredients being present in a ratio suitable for a selected metal winning process.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the binder in step (iii) comprises a calcium compound which produces calciumhydroxide in the presence of water in an amount corresponding to 2 to 12 % by weight of the dry mixture expressed as calcium oxide and a silicon compound which produces silica in the presence of calciumhydroxide in an amount corresponding by 1 to 6 % by weight of the dry mixture expressed as silica.
11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a calcium compound added in step (iii) is selected from one or more of the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, lime, latent hydraulic components which produce calcium hydroxide.
12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims comprising between the steps of forming the granules and hardening the granules the further step of applying a coating material to form coated granules.
13. A method as claimed in any one the preceding claims comprising during the step of hardening the granules, embedding the granules in an embedding material suitable for avoiding sticking together of the granules.
14. A method as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13 wherein the coating material is the embedding material.
15. A method according to any one of claims 12 - 14 wherein the embedding material and/or the coating material is of the same nature as the particulate material.
16. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, including step (vii) of substantially removing the coating and/or embedding material from the granules.
17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the granules are hardened at a temperature above 50 °C, preferably above 70 °C.
18. The use of granules produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material comprises a carbonaceous combustible material, as a fuel.
19. The use of granules produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material comprises combustible material, as a gasification raw material.
20. The use of granules produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material comprises a carbonaceous combustible material, as a reducing agent in metallurgy.
21. The use of granules produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material comprises a carbonaceous combustible material, as a carbide production raw material.
22. The use of granules produced by a process according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material includes a carbonaceous material, as an adsorbent.
23. The use of granules produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 wherein the particulate material includes a metalliferous particulate material in a direct reduction process for the production of metals or alloys.
24. Granulate for use as feed stock in a selected chemical or physical process comprising a binder from the group consisting of a calcareous binder, cementitious binder, hydraulic cement, Portland cement, high alumina cement, a mixture of a source of calciumhydroxide with a source of silica, lime, gypsum and dolomite and an ingredient suitable as a raw material or an agent in said process selected from the group consisting of combustible carbonaceous materials, metallic or metalliferous materials.
25. Granulate comprising a substantial amount of carbon of more than 25 % by weight and/or of a metal in metallic or metalliferous form metal of more than 10 % by weight expressed as the metal having a hardness in the range of 3 - 10 N/mm2.
26. Granulate for use as feed stock in a selected chemical or physical process having been hardened below 150 °C in a low temperature hardening process.
27. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, where the granules are metalliferous, for use in a thermal metallurgical process and where the granules contain from 0 up to 20 % by weight of combustible carbon, the crushing strength of the hardened granules withdrawn is not less than 3 N/mm2.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the crushing strength of the hardened granules withdrawn is from 5 N/mm2 up to 7 N/mm2.
29. A method according to claim 28, wherein the crushing strength of the hardened granules withdrawn is about 6 N/mm2.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA959358 | 1995-11-06 | ||
ZA95/9358 | 1995-11-06 | ||
EP95203578 | 1995-12-22 | ||
EP19950203578 EP0784035A1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 | Method for processing particulate materials into hardened granules |
ZA96280 | 1996-01-15 | ||
ZA96/0280 | 1996-01-15 | ||
PCT/EP1996/004849 WO1997017307A2 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-05 | Method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU7566296A true AU7566296A (en) | 1997-05-29 |
Family
ID=27236781
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU75662/96A Abandoned AU7566296A (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-05 | Method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AR (1) | AR004292A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7566296A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9611315A (en) |
CO (1) | CO4560558A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997017307A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000064578A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Combined magnetite and activated carbon filters for purifying a fluid stream |
US9688934B2 (en) | 2007-11-23 | 2017-06-27 | Bixby Energy Systems, Inc. | Process for and processor of natural gas and activated carbon together with blower |
CN103771735B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-03-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | White lime process polyolefin catalyst titanium-containing waste residues is utilized to prepare the method for cement |
GB201322464D0 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2014-02-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method for preparing a sorbent |
GB201322462D0 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2014-02-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method for preparing a sorbent |
CN109529789A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-29 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Absorbent particles and preparation method thereof for removing heavy metal |
CN114364817A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2022-04-15 | 塔塔钢铁艾默伊登有限责任公司 | Method for introducing metalliferous feed material in an ironmaking process |
CN110616314A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-27 | 云南德胜钢铁有限公司 | High-temperature sintering method for schreyerite mixture |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1040253B (en) * | 1953-04-24 | 1958-10-02 | Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks Ag | Process for making pieces of fine ores or the like for the subsequent smelting |
DE1583942C3 (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1975-02-06 | Blocked Iron Corp., Albany, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Process for the production of a lump ore |
JPS5372718A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-06-28 | Showa Denko Kk | Manufacture of ferrochromium |
BR7802010A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1979-11-20 | Mineracao Brasileiras Reunidas | PROCESS TO TRANSFORM FINE IRON ORE OR MANGANES OF GRANULOMETRY LESS THAN 150 MICRA IN RAW MATERIAL FOR SINTERIZATION THROUGH AGGLOMERATION AND CURING AT LOWER TEMPERATURES AT 300GRAD C |
EP0038599B2 (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1990-08-29 | Aardelite Holding B.V. | Granulated material comprising a filler and an inorganic binding agent |
WO1981003499A1 (en) * | 1980-06-05 | 1981-12-10 | Ssab Division Gruvor | Agglomerates,a process for producing thereof and use thereof |
DE3629228A1 (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-10 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for producing mouldings from ores and carbonaceous material |
US4880582A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1989-11-14 | Aardelite Holding B. V. | Hardening granulated material at elevated temperatures |
DE3834751A1 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-19 | Manfred Ackermann | Process for producing light-weight aggregates having a low density |
DE3835140A1 (en) * | 1988-10-15 | 1990-04-19 | Walter Eirich | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LEAK-OUT AGGLOMERATES |
US5364447A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1994-11-15 | Enviroscience, Inc. | Method of recycling hazardous waste |
DE4345168A1 (en) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-11-03 | Degussa | Carbon black granules |
JPH06300548A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | Electromagnetic ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving device |
DE4340786A1 (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-01 | Mariotti Norberto | Granular or moulded prod. mfr. |
-
1996
- 1996-11-05 BR BR9611315A patent/BR9611315A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-05 AU AU75662/96A patent/AU7566296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-05 WO PCT/EP1996/004849 patent/WO1997017307A2/en active Application Filing
- 1996-11-06 CO CO96058506A patent/CO4560558A1/en unknown
- 1996-11-06 AR ARP960105072 patent/AR004292A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9611315A (en) | 1999-12-28 |
WO1997017307A3 (en) | 1997-08-21 |
WO1997017307A2 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
CO4560558A1 (en) | 1998-02-10 |
AR004292A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5972066A (en) | Mixed bed iron reduction process | |
CN107254585B (en) | A method of recycling zinc, indium, iron, gallium from iron vitriol slag | |
KR100461090B1 (en) | Method for making manufactured aggregates from coal combustion by-products | |
US6342089B1 (en) | Direct reduced iron pellets | |
EP1579016B1 (en) | Cold briquetting and pelletisation of mineral fines using an iron-bearing hydraulic binder | |
US6921427B2 (en) | Process for cold briquetting and pelletization of ferrous or non-ferrous ores or mineral fines by iron bearing hydraulic mineral binder | |
EA015368B1 (en) | Production of carbonaceous metal ore pellets | |
AU7566296A (en) | Method for preparing hardened granules from a particulate material | |
US4063930A (en) | Preparation of weatherable ferrite agglomerate | |
Ozga et al. | The use of granulation to reduce dusting and manage of fine coal | |
US2808325A (en) | Process of refining pulverized metallic ores involving the production and use of ore pellets | |
CN113166844B (en) | Iron ore powder agglomerate production method and agglomerated product | |
US2576566A (en) | Agglomerated body and the method of preparing same | |
FI60192C (en) | FOER FARING FRAMSTAELLNING AV BRAENDA KARBONATMATERIAL | |
JPS63500237A (en) | Method for converting organic and inorganic wastes into solid inert water-insoluble substances | |
EP0784035A1 (en) | Method for processing particulate materials into hardened granules | |
AU719637B2 (en) | Reuse of metallurgical fines | |
US20050183544A1 (en) | Method for producing mineral ore agglomerates using a hemicellulose binder and associated products | |
EP0053139B1 (en) | Agglomerates, a process for producing thereof and use thereof | |
KR100226944B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing non-sintering pellet | |
US4822583A (en) | Phosphate feed material for phosphorus electric furnaces and production of same | |
EP1119526B1 (en) | Method for making manufactured aggregates from coal combustion by-products | |
Ripke | Advances in iron ore pelletization by understanding bonding and strengthening mechanisms | |
US4902491A (en) | Phosphate feed material for phosphorus electric furnaces and production of same | |
KR100376540B1 (en) | A method for manufacturing reduced ore by solid phase direct reduction process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK5 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(e) - patent request and compl. specification not accepted |