CN105719062B - A kind of power grid risk considering double probability of malfunction characteristic and weak link appraisal procedure - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of power grid risk considering double probability of malfunction characteristic and weak link appraisal procedure obtain system basic technical data, system operation constraint condition data, component reliability data from Power System Planning department first;Then the basic trend distribution situation of computing system;The probability occurred according to the cutting load amount of N-1 situation and system N-1 malfunction, and the approximation probability that the cutting load amount and system N-2 malfunction of N-2 situation occur, it calculates each generator or transmission facility and the factor is participated in the risk of system power deficiency desired value EPNS;It participates in the factor to risk to be ranked up, the element is weaker in power grid if the risk participation factor of certain element the big, belongs to the weak link of power grid.For the present invention due to considering double failure and probabilistic information, calculated result is more accurate, has more reference value;The present invention can greatly reduce computing resource consumption, shorten and calculate the time while guarantee system probability level certain accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Electric Power Network Planning technical field, it is related to a kind of power grid risk for considering probability and double failure and thin
Weak link appraisal procedure.
Background technique
In the Power System Planning stage, the assessment most typical method of electric network security is N-1 static security analysis.The criterion
It is required that system is still able to maintain safe operation, i.e. N-1 criterion after arbitrarily disconnecting an element in the power system.Such methods mesh
Before be widely applied to the links such as the planning, design, operation of electric system.However, the serious power outage repeatedly occurred promotes
It was recognized that the N-1 criterion that power industry uses for many years, has been not enough to keep the reasonable risk level of electric system.
There are two main problems for N-1 criteria evaluation method: 1) not carrying out probabilistic Modeling, Zhi Nengti to element in network
For consequence caused by failure, the probabilistic information of the event of failure can not be but provided, as what Electric Power Network Planning was faced with does not know
Sexual factor is more and more, is difficult to obtain preferable effect in terms of solving the problems, such as uncertainty.Furthermore 2), N-1 criterion is single
One element fault criteria, in current complicated network system, the generation major accident of system is often caused by multiple failure,
This situation N-1 criterion can not consider.
In order to solve the above-mentioned two problems of traditional N-1 criterion, there is the electric system risk based on Risk Theory and comment
Estimate method.Compared with previous methods, risk assessment can by accident occur probability with generation consequence (such as economic loss) it is tight
Weight degree combines, and considers as a whole to the risk and benefit of system, the economic security index of system is quantified.So
And in order to obtain accurate system index, it just has to carry out a large amount of Monte Carlo sampling, which results in computing resource consumption
Greatly, the problem of time-consuming is calculated.It especially applies in practical power systems, the calculating time generally requires tens hours, greatly
It limits its application greatly.
Summary of the invention
To overcome the problems of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of calculated result is more accurate, save
It calculates the time and power grid risk level and weak link can be provided, provide the electric system appraisal procedure of reference for planning personnel.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of power grid risk considering double probability of malfunction characteristic and weak link appraisal procedure, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: obtaining system basic technical data, system operation constraint condition data, member from Power System Planning department
Part reliability data;
System basic technical data includes node data, transmission line data, transformer data, load data and generator
Data;
System operation constraint condition includes each generating set power output upper lower limit value, reactive source is idle power output upper lower limit value, saves
Point voltage upper lower limit value and Branch Power Flow upper lower limit value;
Component reliability data include the forced outage rate FOR of element ii;
Step 2: the basic trend distribution situation of computing system;
Step 3: consider N-1 situation: fault-free disconnects power generation one by one on the basis of basic trend distribution situation in step 2
Machine, route carry out Load flow calculation in transformer after single element, check Power grid structure variation front and back line and transformer
The out-of-limit situation of power;If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, cut using optimal load flow model
Load records cutting load amount, and the probability that computing system N-1 malfunction occurs;
Step 4: consider N-2 situation: gradually fault-free disconnects generator, line on the basis of trend distribution situation in step 2
It carries out Load flow calculation in road, transformer after any two element again, checks Power grid structure variation front and back route and transformation
The out-of-limit situation of the power of device;If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, using optimal load flow model into
Row cutting load records cutting load amount, and the approximation probability that computing system N-2 malfunction occurs;
Step 5: the probability and step 4 that the cutting load amount and system N-1 malfunction obtained according to step 3 occurs obtain
The approximation probability that the cutting load amount and system N-2 malfunction arrived occurs is calculated by the way of probability weight and considers double event
Systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP and underpower desired value EPNS when barrier;
Step 6: according to the systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP of step 5 and underpower desired value EPNS, calculating each power generation
To the contribution situation of system power deficiency desired value EPNS, i.e. risk participates in the factor for machine or transmission facility;
Step 7: the factor being participated in the risk of each generator of whole system and transmission facility and is ranked up, if the wind of certain element
Danger participation more big then element of the factor is weaker in power grid, belongs to the weak link of power grid.
The probability P that system N-1 malfunction occurs in the step 3k,N-1It is obtained by formula (1):
Pk,N-1=FORi∏N-1(1-FORj) (1)
In above formula, i is the element to break down, and j is the element not broken down, FORiIt is the forced outage rate of element i,
∏N-1(1-FORj) be element i other than all trouble-proof probability of element product.
The approximation probability P that system N-2 malfunction occurs in the step 4k,N-2It is obtained by formula (2):
Pk,N-2=FORm×FORn (2)
In above formula, FORnAnd FORmIt is the forced outage rate of fault element n and m respectively.
Systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP and underpower desired value EPNS is by formula (3) and formula (4) in the step 5
It obtains:
LOLP=1- ∏k∈I(1-Pk) (3)
EPNS=∑k∈IPkWcut,k (4)
It is all N-1 that will lead to system cutting load obtained in step 3 and step 4 and N-2 event in both the above formula
The set of barrier state;PkIt is the probability that system fault condition k occurs;Wcut,kIt is when system is in malfunction k by optimal tide
Cutting load amount after stream adjustment.
The risk of each generator or transmission facility participates in the factor by formula (5) acquisition in the step 6:
RLoss,i=(∑k∈AWcut,kPk)/EPNS (5)
In above formula, RLoss,iIt is the risk participation factor of transmission facility i, A is all systems while transmission facility i failure
System occurs to lose the malfunction of load.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) in the probability index of assessment system, the present invention has that calculated result is accurate simultaneously, calculates time-consuming short advantage.
Traditional N-1 criterion is compared, the method proposed in the present invention is greatly reduced and commented due to need to only consider double failure
The system mode number estimated reduces computing resource consumption, shortens and calculate the time;And since the double above event occurring in power grid
The probability of barrier is very small, and the mentioned method of the present invention can still calculate the probability level with high accuracy.
2) on finding power system weak link, the present invention is based on probability N-2 assessments, give the risk participation factor and refer to
Mark, the finger for compensating for traditional risk assessment mainly around node load to carry out, without directly characterizing Net Frame of Electric Network importance
Mark defect.And level of factor is participated according to risk, it can preferably grasp in power grid after may being generated because of failure seriously
The Net Frame of Electric Network weak link of fruit.
Power department is mainly based upon deterministic N-1 criterion to the assessment of the risk and weak link of power grid at present, this
Invention proposes a set of completely new complete electric network reliability and weak link appraisal procedure, compares based on Monte Carlo simulation
Model in Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, the present invention can greatly reduce calculating while guarantee system probability level certain accuracy
Resource consumption shortens and calculates the time.This method can become the important supplement of traditional certainty criterion, advise in China's electric system
There is biggish application value, probabilistic information cannot be reflected by overcoming N-1 criterion in the prior art, and calculated result is not in the field of drawing
Accurate and Model in Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems calculates the problem of overlong time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is power grid risk of the present invention and the schematic diagram of calculation flow that weak link is assessed.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings, but the contents of the present invention are not limited solely to this.
Element includes generator, transformer and transmission line of electricity in the present invention.
When using mentioned method of the invention, need to obtain related data from Electric Power Network Planning department first.From Electric Power Network Planning portion
System basic technical data, the system of door acquisition run constraint condition data, component reliability data;
System basic technical data includes node data, transmission line data, transformer data, load data and generator
Data;
System operation constraint condition data include each generating set power output upper lower limit value, reactive source is idle power output bound
Value, node voltage upper lower limit value and Branch Power Flow upper lower limit value.
Other than being used for the master data of Load flow calculation above, it is also necessary to obtain component reliability data:
Component reliability data include the forced outage rate FOR of element (generator, transformer and transmission line of electricity) ii。
Probability successively is accounted for power grid according to the following steps after Electric Power Network Planning department acquisition above- mentioned information referring to Fig. 1
Property and double failure risk and weak link assessment.
Step 1, the electric system basic technical data of planning is obtained from Power System Planning department.
Step 2, the basic trend distribution situation of computing system.
Step 3, consider all N-1 malfunctions, i.e., fault-free disconnects one by one on the basis of step 2 basic Load flow calculation
Load flow calculation is carried out after the single elements such as generator, route, transformer, checks Power grid structure variation front and back route and transformation
The results such as the out-of-limit situation of the power of device.If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, utilization is cut with system
The minimum objective function of load considers the optimal load flow model of operation of power networks constraint condition, judges whether system needs to cut off
Load, if desired cutting load, then record cutting load amount at this time, and calculates the probability of current system N-1 malfunction generation.Note
The element currently cut-off is i, the then probability P that current system N-1 malfunction occursk,N-1As shown in formula (1).
Pk,N-1=FORi∏N-1(1-FORj) (1)
In above formula, ∏N-1(1-FORj) be element i other than all trouble-proof probability of element product.
It should be noted that the currently practical operation power grid overwhelming majority meets N-1 criterion, it can skip this step;
But the power grid newly planned not necessarily is able to satisfy N-1 criterion, it is still desirable to the step.
Step 4, consider all N-2 malfunctions, i.e., gradually fault-free disconnects hair on the basis of Load flow calculation in step 2
Motor, route carry out Load flow calculation in transformer again after any two element, check Power grid structure variation front and back route
With the results such as the out-of-limit situation of power of transformer.If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, utilize with
The minimum objective function of system cutting load amount considers the optimal load flow model of operation of power networks constraint condition, judges whether system needs
Load is cut off, load is if desired cut off and then records cutting load amount at this time, and calculates the generation of current system N-2 malfunction
Approximation probability.Remember that the element currently cut-off is m and n, then the approximation probability P that current system N-2 malfunction occursk,N-2Such as formula
(2) shown in.
Pk,N-2=FORm×FORn (2)
In above formula, FORmAnd FORnIt is the forced outage rate of element m and element n respectively.
Step 5, the probability that the cutting load amount according to obtained in step 3 and current system N-1 malfunction occur, using general
The mode of rate weighting calculates system index loss of load probability LOLP and underpower desired value EPNS when considering double failure.
Shown in its expression formula such as formula (3) and formula (4).
LOLP=1- ∏k∈I(1-Pk) (3)
EPNS=Σk∈IPkWCut, k (4)
In both the above formula, I is all N-1 and N-2 that will lead to system cutting load obtained in step 3 and step 4
The set of malfunction;PkIt is the probability that system fault condition k occurs;Wcut,kIt is when system is in malfunction k by optimal
Cutting load amount after load flow rectification.
Step 6, in order to embody different transmission facilities to the contribution situation of system power deficiency desired value EPNS, power grid is found out
Weak link, according to the systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP of step 5 and underpower desired value EPNS, calculate each generator or
Transmission facility (transmission facility includes route, transformer) joins the contribution situation of system power deficiency desired value EPNS, i.e. risk
With the factor, as shown in formula (5).
RLoss,i==(∑keAWcut,kPk)/EPNS (5)
In above formula, RLoss,iIt is the risk participation factor of transmission facility i, A is all systems while transmission facility i failure
System occurs to lose the malfunction of load.
Step 7: the factor is participated in the risk of each generator of whole system and transmission facility and is ranked up, if certain element
The risk participation factor is larger, and the influence for illustrating that it breaks down is more serious, belongs to the weak link in power grid.
The invention proposes a kind of power grid risk for considering double probability of malfunction characteristic and weak link appraisal procedure, and energy
The electric network reliability index and weak link being given under the double fault condition of consideration are referred to for planning personnel.What the present invention was mentioned
Power grid appraisal procedure tool is there are two function: 1, the risk indicator of assessment system, and 2, find out the weak link of Net Frame of Electric Network.
First, the present invention calculates the probability of its generation by assessing all double malfunctions, in weighted fashion
To the risk indicator of system;Second, the present invention proposes that risk participates in the concept of the factor, by calculating tribute of the different elements to EPNS
It offers situation and finds out weak link in power grid.Traditional N-1 criterion is compared, the present invention is due to considering double failure and probability letter
Breath, calculated result is more accurate, has more reference value;The Model in Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems based on Monte Carlo simulation is compared,
The present invention can greatly reduce computing resource consumption, when shortening calculating while guarantee system probability level certain accuracy
Between.To sum up, the present invention in the Power System Planning in current China with good application prospect, can be used as Electric Power Network Planning side
Effective appraisal procedure of case.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of power grid risk for considering double probability of malfunction characteristic and weak link appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that: including with
Lower step:
Step 1: obtaining system basic technical data, system operation constraint condition data, element from Power System Planning department can
By property data;
System basic technical data includes node data, transmission line data, transformer data, load data and generator number
According to;
System operation constraint condition includes that each generating set power output upper lower limit value, reactive source is idle power output upper lower limit value, node are electric
Press upper lower limit value and Branch Power Flow upper lower limit value;
Component reliability data include the forced outage rate FOR of element ii;
Step 2: the basic trend distribution situation of computing system;
Step 3: consider N-1 situation: fault-free disconnects generator, line one by one on the basis of basic trend distribution situation in step 2
Load flow calculation is carried out in road, transformer after single element, checks the power of Power grid structure variation front and back line and transformer
Out-of-limit situation;If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, cutting load is carried out using optimal load flow model,
Record cutting load amount, and the probability that computing system N-1 malfunction occurs;
Step 4: consider N-2 situation: gradually fault-free disconnects generator, route, change on the basis of trend distribution situation in step 2
It carries out Load flow calculation in depressor after any two element again, checks the function of Power grid structure variation front and back line and transformer
The out-of-limit situation of rate;If producing the case where power is out-of-limit or trend does not restrain, cut using optimal load flow model negative
Lotus records cutting load amount, and the approximation probability that computing system N-2 malfunction occurs;
Step 5: what the probability and step 4 that the cutting load amount and system N-1 malfunction obtained according to step 3 occurs obtained
The approximation probability that cutting load amount and system N-2 malfunction occur, when calculating the double failure of consideration by the way of probability weight
Systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP and underpower desired value EPNS;
Wherein, systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP and underpower desired value EPNS is obtained by formula (3) and formula (4):
LOLP=1- ∏k∈I(1-Pk) (3)
EPNS=∑k∈IPkWcut,k (4)
In both the above formula, I is all N-1 and N-2 failures that will lead to system cutting load obtained in step 3 and step 4
The set of state;PkIt is the probability that system fault condition k occurs;Wcut,kIt is that system passes through optimal load flow when being in malfunction k
Cutting load amount after adjustment;
Step 6: according to the systematic electricity shortfall probability LOLP of step 5 and underpower desired value EPNS, calculate each generator or
Transmission facility participates in the factor to the contribution situation of system power deficiency desired value EPNS, i.e. risk;
Wherein, the risk of each generator or transmission facility participates in the factor by formula (5) acquisition:
RLoss,i=(∑k∈AWcut,kPk)/EPNS (5)
In above formula, RLoss,iIt is the risk participation factor of transmission facility i, A is all hairs of systems while transmission facility i failure
The raw malfunction for losing load;
Step 7: the factor being participated in the risk of each generator of whole system and transmission facility and is ranked up, if the risk of certain element is joined
It is weaker in power grid with the more big then element of the factor, belong to the weak link of power grid.
2. a kind of power grid risk as described in claim 1 and weak link appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that: in the step 3
The probability P that system N-1 malfunction occursk,N-1It is obtained by formula (1):
Pk,N-1=FORi∏N-1(1-FORj) (1)
In above formula, i is the element to break down, and j is the element not broken down, FORiIt is the forced outage rate of element i, ∏N-1
(1-FORj) be element i other than all trouble-proof probability of element product.
3. a kind of power grid risk as described in claim 1 and weak link appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that: in the step 4
The approximation probability P that system N-2 malfunction occursk,N-2It is obtained by formula (2):
Pk,N-2=FORm×FORn (2)
In above formula, FORnAnd FORmIt is the forced outage rate of fault element n and m respectively.
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