A kind of fractured model material of variable element and preparation method thereof
Technical field
Fractured model material that the present invention relates to a kind of variable element and preparation method thereof, belongs to oil-gas exploration and exploitation
Geophysical research technical field.
Background technology
Slit formation oil-gas reservoir is one of the most most important current oil and gas reservoir.No matter carbonate rock, tight sand,
Mud stone or igneous rock and buried hill metamorphic rock all exist and there is industry opens and produce the slit formation oil-gas reservoir being worth.?
China's grand celebration, triumph, long celebrating, Sichuan etc. all find slit formation oil-gas reservoir in each major oil gas field, it has also become China
Oil gas increases one of reserves, the important hidden-type Reservoir levels improving yield.
Slit formation oil-gas reservoir great majority are to be occurred transformation to cause, as tectonic stress field action causes by the geology in later stage
Diaclase reservoirs etc., have the advantages that the fracture development aligned is different.Fracture parameters in slit formation oil and gas reservoir
The change of (fracture spacing, orientation, crack dip) can cause speed respectively to different in the characteristic of seimic wave propagation
The features such as property, thus beneficially method of seismic prospecting identification.Compact reservoir characteristics of fracture development is carried out in production seismics exploration
With the research of law of development, exploration and exploitation tool to instructing this kind of oil gas field are of great significance.
Being affected by many geologic(al) factors, in slit formation oil and gas reservoir, types of fractures and parameter have multiformity, in scale
Size aspect has multiple dimensioned property, has irregularity in spatial distribution.Rely on traditional surface geology data and brill
Well, well-log information carry out the division of Fracture System spatial distribution and prediction becomes the most difficult.This makes slit formation oil gas
The geophysics of reservoir describes or prediction becomes the most necessary.
The rock physical property of understanding fracture medium, the seismic wave response characteristic of research slit band, carry out Reservoir Fracture pre-
Survey technique study, and then quantitative forecast Reservoir Fracture systematic parameter (fracture spacing, fracture strike, is split accurately and effectively
Inclination angle, seam face, slit band scale yardstick, distribution characteristics, permeability etc.) to the exploration of petroleum resources and exploitation meaning
Great.
Utilizing physical simulation techniques research fracture parameters at present in laboratory is a kind of effective on the impact of seismic wave
Method, the modeling material needing simulation parameters of fissure for this makes model of fissuration.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of variable element fractured model material and
Its preparation method, can obtain different fracture spacing, different fracture orientation, different fracture surface inclination angle, no as required
With the fractured model material of fracture penetration and slit band width, the slit band seismic response for different fracture parameters is special
Levy rock physics research and basis is provided, be equally applicable in the seismic physical model making of crack.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the invention provides the fractured model material of a kind of variable element, this variable ginseng
The fractured model material of number includes: the mixed-matrix material layer of spaced distribution and the osmosis type scraps of paper, mixed-matrix material
More than the number of plies of the osmosis type scraps of paper one layer of the number of plies of the bed of material, wherein, described mixed-matrix material layer is by mixed-matrix material
Material composition, described mixed-matrix material includes: epoxy resin, epoxy curing agent, silicone rubber and silicone rubber are solid
Change-catalytic mixing thing;
The gross mass of the epoxy resin contained in mixed-matrix material is counted for 100wt%, and the content of silicone rubber is
1wt%-40wt%, the content of epoxy curing agent are 13wt%-40wt%;Silicone rubber solidification-the catalytic mixing used
Thing includes silicone rubber firming agent and silicone rubber catalyst, and the gross mass of the silicone rubber to contain in mixed-matrix material is
100wt% counts, and the content of the silicone rubber firming agent in silicone rubber solidification-catalytic mixing thing is 4wt%-6wt%, silicone rubber
The content of the silicone rubber catalyst in solidification-catalytic mixing thing is 1wt%-1.5wt%.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is desirable to ensure that the osmosis type scraps of paper are mixed host material
It is impregnated with.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, after epoxy resin, silicone rubber are uniformly mixed,
After addition epoxy curing agent and silicone rubber solidification-catalytic mixing thing are uniformly mixed, put in vacuum mixer
Take out air while stirring, obtain mixed-matrix material.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that this variable element of every cm thick
In fractured model material, include the described osmosis type scraps of paper of 30 layers-100 layers.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, the osmosis type scraps of paper of employing are made up of wood fibre,
Permeability is strong, the osmosis type scraps of paper is not had particular/special requirement, it is preferable that the thickness of the osmosis type scraps of paper of employing is
0.05mm-0.12mm。
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the epoxy resin of employing includes that model is
The epoxy resin of 618-2.This model is that the epoxy resin of 618-2 is produced by Shanghai Resin Factory Co., Ltd..
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the epoxy curing agent of employing includes
Model is the epoxy curing agent of 593.This model is that the epoxy curing agent of 593 is by the limited public affairs of Shanghai Resin Factory
Department produces.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the silicone rubber of employing includes that model is
The methyl silicone rubber at room temperature cure of 107.This model be 107 methyl silicone rubber at room temperature cure limited by Shanghai Resin Factory
Company produces.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the silicone rubber firming agent of employing just includes
Silester, the silicone rubber catalyst of employing includes dibutyl tin laurate.This tetraethyl orthosilicate is by Shanghai Resin Factory
Company limited produces, and this dibutyl tin laurate is produced by Shanghai Resin Factory Co., Ltd..
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that solidification process is carried out the most at normal temperatures,
Hardening time is 1-2 days.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the fractured model material of this variable element
In the velocity of longitudinal wave of mixed-matrix material be 2634m/s-1993m/s, shear wave velocity is 1205m/s-866m/s.
In the fractured model material of the variable element that the present invention provides, it is preferable that the mixed-matrix material of same weight ratio,
The velocity of longitudinal wave in the vertical fracture face of the fractured model material of this variable element increases with fracture spacing and reduces.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of the fractured model material of above-mentioned variable element, this preparation method includes following
Step:
By described mixed-matrix material during successively lay enters mould, form mixed-matrix material layer, each layer of mixed-matrix
The osmosis type scraps of paper described in uniform lay on material layer, until it reaches desired thickness;
Solidification, obtains base substrate after the demoulding, described base substrate obtains splitting of described variable element after cutting, grinding process
Slit die shaped material.
The preparation method of fractured model material of the above-mentioned variable element that the present invention provides specifically includes following steps:
Mould prepares: makes the square dies box of appropriately sized 50 × 50mm-400 × 300mm, is cleaned out,
Box inwall coats releasing agent;
Each component of mixed-matrix material is thoroughly mixed, is put into limit machine stirring limit in evacuation machine and takes out sky
Gas, obtains mixed-matrix material;
By the mixed-matrix material of 1g-50g during successively lay enters mould, uniform lay on each layer of mixed-matrix material
The osmosis type scraps of paper, it is ensured that more than the number of plies of the osmosis type scraps of paper one layer of mixed-matrix number of layers, and with ruler, the scraps of paper are anti-
Scrape smooth again, until it reaches desired thickness;
Solidifying 1-2 days, the demoulding obtains base substrate, and base substrate obtains described variable ginseng after cutting, grinding process aftershaping
The fractured model material of number.
In the fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention, for obtaining different fracture spacing, matrix velocity, this
Skilled person can be controlled according to experiment needs.Such as:
By the thickness of mixed-matrix material layer in two-layer osmosis type scraps of paper interlayer in the range of control certain altitude, can make
Make the fractured model material with different fracture spacing;In identical height, the thickness of mixed-matrix material layer in interlayer
Become big, then osmosis type scraps of paper quantity tails off, and represents fracture spacing with the paper number in unit length, and fracture spacing is corresponding
Reduce.As a example by ring silicon is than 1:15wt%, the density of mixed-matrix material is 1.147g/cm3, select 50mm × 50mm
Mould, if every layer is put into 0.925g-0.284g mixed-matrix material, corresponding puts into 30 layers-100 layers osmosis type paper
Sheet, model can reach 10mm height, and fracture spacing is that 3/mm-10 opens/mm the most in theory.
By controlling epoxy resin and the proportioning of silicone rubber, the fractured model of different substrates p-and s-wave velocity can be produced
Material, thus the bulk velocity of control critical eigenvalue modeling material, including the speed in vertical fracture face and indulging along fracture surface
Shear wave velocity, obtains different anisotropy values;As a example by epoxy resin 100wt%, silicone rubber 15wt%-30wt%,
Mixed-matrix material velocity of longitudinal wave scope is 2348m/s-2125m/s, during 9.5/mm of fracture spacing, and fractured model
The velocity of longitudinal wave scope that material moves towards along seam face is 2399m/s-2234m/s respectively, the velocity of longitudinal wave in vertical fracture face
Scope is 2262m/s-2012m/s respectively, and fractured model material compressional wave anisotropy is 8.2%-12.2%.
Can produce by changing cutting yardstick and direction there is different shape, yardstick, fracture orientation and crack
The fractured model material at inclination angle, face.
Fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention and preparation method thereof compared with the existing, has following useful effect
Really:
The fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention has preferable weak anisotropy feature, speed and the side of amplitude
Position variation characteristic etc. can be equivalent to these features of intrinsic fracture band;
The fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention can simulate different fracture penetration, slit band width, split
The slit band of the fracture parameters such as seam density, fracture surface inclination angle, fracture orientation;
Slit band development length scope 5mm-60mm of the fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention, slit band
Width range 1mm-60mm, can be applicable in the seismic physical model making of crack, and research echo seismic response is special
Levy;
The preparation method of the fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention has operability and repeatability well, utilizes
This preparation method can obtain and the closer artificial variable ginsengs of aspect such as intrinsic fracture seismic response features, the regularity of distribution
The fractured model material of number, and different fracture spacing, slit band yardstick, fracture surface inclination angle, crack can be prepared
The fractured model material of the variable element in orientation;
The fractured model material of the variable element that the preparation method of the fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention prepares
Stable firm, may be used for the slit band seismic response features rock physics research of different fracture parameters, be equally applicable for
During crack seismic physical model makes, carry out seismic physical modeling analysis, the optimization of crack prediction method, be preferably
Fracture reservoir character and fractured hydrocarbon reservoir identification provide foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the manufacture method flow chart of the fractured model material of the variable element of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the fractured model material of the variable element of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 a is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of the different fracture penetrations of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 b is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of the different slit band width of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 c is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of the different fracture orientations of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 d is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element at the different fracture surface inclination angles of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 e is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of the different fracture spacinies of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is that mixed-matrix material p-and s-wave velocity accounts for epoxy resin degree variation relation figure with silicone rubber.
Fig. 5 is that mixed-matrix density of material accounts for epoxy resin degree variation relation figure with silicone rubber.
Fig. 6 is that the fractured model material p-and s-wave velocity of the variable element of embodiment 1 is with fracture spacing variation relation figure.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood from, the existing skill to the present invention
Art scheme carries out described further below, but it is not intended that to the present invention can the restriction of practical range.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments providing the fractured model material of variable element, it is obtained through the following steps, and specifically prepares
Flow process is as shown in Figure 1:
In order to relatively different mixing host material proportionings produce can the p-and s-wave velocity of fractured model material, compressional wave resistance
The anti-difference with crack ripple anisotropy value in length and breadth, selects three kinds of mixed-matrix material mixture ratios, epoxy resin and silicone rubber
Proportioning is respectively 1:15%, 1:30% and 1:45%.
It is 107 with 75g, 150g, 225g model respectively by the epoxy resin that model is 618-2 of three parts of 500g
Methyl silicone rubber at room temperature cure stirring mixing, is then respectively adding the epoxy curing agent that 85g model is 593, then
(the silicone rubber of employing after being uniformly mixed with 3.84g, 9.3g, 13.95g silicone rubber solidification-catalytic mixing thing respectively
Firming agent is tetraethyl orthosilicate, and accounting for silicone rubber percentage ratio is 5%;The silicone rubber catalyst used is tin dilaurate two fourth
Ji Xi, accounting for silicone rubber percentage ratio is 1.2%), put into vacuum mixer, stirring, evacuation, obtain through vacuum
The three parts of mixed-matrix materials processed;
By above-mentioned three kinds of mixed-matrix materials during the most successively lay enters mould, and on each layer of mixed-matrix material
The uniformly lay osmosis type scraps of paper, concrete structure is as shown in Figure 2.Control the lay osmosis type scraps of paper in 10mm altitude range
The number of plies be respectively 30,60,100,130 layers.Allow a little difference, parameter can be modified.Lay mixes
Close more than the osmosis type scraps of paper number of plies one layer of the number of plies of host material layer, it is ensured that the permeable slim scraps of paper are mixed host material
It is impregnated with, obtains filling mixed-matrix material and the mould of the permeable slim scraps of paper, be fabricated to 12 fracture parameters test blocks;
After the mould filling mixed-matrix material and the permeable slim scraps of paper is carried out cured, solidify and obtain base in 2 days
Body, by described base substrate through cutting, after grinding process, obtain different fracture spacing, different fracture orientation, difference are split
The fractured model material of the variable element of inclination angle, seam face, different fracture penetration and slit band width, concrete module is such as
Shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, wherein, Fig. 3 a is the crack mould of variable element of different fracture penetration
Shaped material function structure chart, Fig. 3 b is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of different slit band width,
Fig. 3 c is the fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element of different fracture orientation, and Fig. 3 d inclines for different fracture surfaces
The fractured model material module structure chart of the variable element at oblique angle, Fig. 3 e is splitting of the variable element of different fracture spacing
Slit die shaped material function structure chart.
Fig. 4 is that the mixed-matrix material p-and s-wave velocity of the present embodiment accounts for the change of epoxy resin degree with silicone rubber
Change graph of a relation.Fig. 5 is that the mixed-matrix density of material of the present embodiment accounts for the change of epoxy resin degree with silicone rubber
Graph of a relation.Fig. 6 is that the fractured model material p-and s-wave velocity of the present embodiment is with fracture spacing variation relation figure, Fig. 6
Middle a group epoxy resin and silicone rubber proportioning are 1:15%, b group epoxy resin and silicone rubber proportioning is that 1:30%, Y refer to
Be direction, vertical fracture face, Z is direction, parallel fracture face.
After tested, except the fractured model material of the variable element of fracture spacing change, all slits modeling material ensures
9.5/mm of fracture spacing, the fractured model material of three kinds of epoxy resin and silicone rubber proportioning is vertical along seam face trend
Wave velocity is 2399m/s, 2234m/s, 1985m/s respectively, the velocity of longitudinal wave in vertical fracture face be respectively 2262m/s,
2012m/s、1613m/s.8.2%, 12.2%, 21.4% (wherein, respectively fractured model material compressional wave anisotropy is
Anisotropy computing formula reference Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy [J] .GEOPHYSICS, 1986,
51(10):1954-66.).Three groups of fractured model material Fracture Widths of development length change and height is constant (averagely splits
Seam width is 42.17mm;Average crack height is 10.017mm), the length of fractured model material from 5mm, 10mm,
20mm, 30mm, 40mm to 60mm.The fractured model material average crack development length of fracture width change is
19.92mm, average crack height is 10.18mm, and fracture width increases to 6mm from 1mm is equally spaced.Crack
The fractured model material yardstick that orientation is different is 13mm × 13mm, and orientation is from 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °
To 90 °.The different fractured model material yardstick in Feng Mian inclination angle, crack is 14mm × 14mm, inclination angle from 5 °, 15 °,
30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° to 90 °.The fractured model scantling of fracture spacing change is 18mm × 18mm, splits
Seam density is respectively 3.19/mm, 6.31/mm, 10.27/mm and 13.31/mm.
Above parameters is the fractured model material module test parameter of variable element, according to geometrical similarity principle with dynamic
The principle on mechanic similarity likelihood ratio carries out data process and analysis and FRACTURE PREDICTION after the geological condition of realistic simulation, ginseng
Examine " 3 D complex medium seismic physical modeling " (Mu Yongguang, petroleum industry publishing house, 2003, chapter 2, the 4th
Page) after the likelihood ratio, close with actual fracture reservoir petrophysical parameter and seismic wave response, meet simulation experiment requirement.
Wherein, density, velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity, compressional wave anisotropy and the test of fracture spacing and computational methods are
Well known to a person skilled in the art test and computational methods, specifically refer to " petrophysics " (old, Huang Tingfang,
Liu Enru, publishing house of Chinese University of Science and Technology, page 2009,12.4,288, page 13.1,293) described in test and
Computational methods.
Above example illustrates, it is long that the fractured model material of the variable element of the present invention can simulate different fracture extension
The slit band of the fracture parameters such as degree, slit band width, fracture spacing, fracture surface inclination angle, fracture orientation, and this can
The preparation method of the fractured model material of variable element is according to seismic physical modeling technical characterstic, from actual formation feature and reality
Test relation prepared by room module to set out, obtain the fractured model material containing controlled crack, and the fracture parameters obtained
Every petrophysical parameter of test block and seismic response features are more nearly intrinsic fracture band, make this fractured model material energy
Enough it is applied in crack rock physical analysis, the simulation of crack oil and gas seismic reservoir wave response and crack prediction method research.