CN105714165B - 一种铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝合金及其制备方法。该铝合金按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.2‑1.5%,Si:1.1‑1.2%,Zn:2.3‑2.5%,Nb:0.05‑0.08%,La:0.2‑0.8%,Ce:0.2‑0.7%,Tb:0.07‑0.08%,Sm:0.1‑0.4%,Li:0.8‑1.1%,Re:0.1‑0.2%,Yb:0.06‑0.08%,其余为Al。该铝合金的制备方法主要包括均匀化处理、扒渣、覆盖、精炼、铸锭、退火、锻压、固溶处理、时效处理等。本发明的铝合金抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率δ和硬度等性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及合金领域技术,尤其涉及一种铝合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
铝合金具有密度小、比强度高、耐蚀性和成型性好、成本低等一系列优点,在航空、航天、船舶、核工业及兵器工业都有着广泛的应用前景及不可替代的地位,因而铝合金技术被列为国防科技关键技术及重点发展的基础技术。
CN104294115A公开了一种铝合金,所述铝合金按照重量百分比计包括:Si:0.35%;Cu:0.25%;Fe0.3%;Mg:1.5-2.0%;Ti:0.25%;余量为Al。该铝合金的力学性能及成型性能得以提升,且组织均匀、成分稳定。
CN104313403A公开了一种具有高强度优良切屑性能的铝合金,其特征是配方比例按重量百分比计如下:Si:0.55%~0.6%;Mg:0.55%~0.62%;Mn:0.02%~0.05%;Cu:0.05%~0.1%;Ti:0.02%~0.04%;Fe:0.2%~0.25%;Bi:0.02%~0.05%,余量为铝;将铝锭熔化后经过扒渣、配合金、精炼、静置、铸造、均质化、挤压和人工时效得到产品具有高强度优良切屑性能的铝合金。该发明通过合金成分配比和生产工艺控制等手段,使该合金棒材的机械性能可达抗拉强度≥280MPa,规定非比例延伸强度≥250MPa, 延伸率A≥10%,HV硬度可达98~108,大大提高了材料的切屑性能。
CN104264019A公开了一种可焊耐蚀的铝合金,包括以下重量百分比的合金成分:0.95~1.05% Mg;0.67~0.72% Mn;0.15~0.23% Cr;0.75~0.82% Si;0.005~0.2% Fe;0.38~0.45% Cu;<0.1% Zn;<0.1% Ti;余量为Al。该可焊耐蚀的铝合金具有良好热成型性、抗蚀性、疲劳性能、韧性和焊接性能。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的问题,提供了一种性能优良的铝合金。
本发明所述的一种铝合金,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.2-1.5%,Si:1.1-1.2%,Zn:2.3-2.5%,Nb:0.05-0.08%,La:0.2-0.8%,Ce:0.2-0.7%,Tb:0.07-0.08%,Sm:0.1-0.4%,Li:0.8-1.1%,Re:0.1-0.2%,Yb:0.06-0.08%,其余为Al。
进一步,各组分的重量百分比为:Mg:1.3%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.5%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.3%,Ce:0. 5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li:0.9%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.06%,其余为Al。
上述铝合金的制备方法如下:
1)将重量百分比为:Mg:1.2-1.5%,Si:1.1-1.2%,Zn:2.3-2.5%,Nb:0.05-0.08%,La:0.2-0.8%,Ce:0.2-0.7%,Tb:0.07-0.08%,Sm:0.1-0.4%,Li:0.8-1.1%,Re:0.1-0.2%,Yb:0.06-0.08%,其余为Al的铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理:温度为590-600℃,时间为5小时;
2)均匀化热处理后进行搅拌与扒渣,用干燥的CaCl2、NaCl和KCl混合卤化物进行覆盖,精炼,浇铸成锭,其中,CaCl2、NaCl和KCl的重量比为1:2:2;
3)对浇铸成锭铝合金进行500~510℃退火,时间为20小时,530℃预热后进行锻压加工,在580℃进行固溶处理,然后进行时效处理。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果:本发明的铝合金性能满足:抗拉强度σb=320~360Mpa、屈服强度≥223MPa、伸长率δ≥23%、HV硬度为112~116。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明做出详细说明。
实施例1:
一种铝合金,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.2%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.4%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.8%,Ce:0.5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li: 1.1%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.07%,其余为Al。
该铝合金性能满足:抗拉强度σb=330Mpa、屈服强度为225MPa、伸长率δ为24%、HV硬度为112。
实施例2:
一种铝合金,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.5%,Si:1.2%,Zn:2.5%,Nb:0.08%,La:0.8%,Ce:0.6%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.4%,Li:1.0%,Re:0.2%,Yb:0.08%,其余为Al。
该铝合金性能满足:抗拉强度σb=335Mpa、屈服强度为227MPa、伸长率δ为25%、HV硬度为113。
实施例3:
一种铝合金,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.3%,Si:1.1%,Zn: 2.5%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.3%,Ce:0. 5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li:0.9%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.06%,其余为Al。
该铝合金性能满足:抗拉强度σb=336Mpa、屈服强度为228MPa、伸长率δ为25%、HV硬度为116。
实施例4:
一种铝合金的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将重量百分比为:Mg:1.3%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.5%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.3%,Ce:0.5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li:0.9%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.06%,其余为Al的铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理:温度为600℃,时间为5小时;
2)均匀化处理后进行搅拌与扒渣,用干燥的CaCl2、NaCl和KCl混合卤化物进行覆盖,精炼,浇铸成锭,其中,CaCl2、NaCl和KCl的重量比为1:2:2;
3)对浇铸成锭铝合金进行510℃退火,时间为20小时,530℃预热后进行锻压加工,在580℃进行固溶处理,然后进行时效处理。
Claims (2)
1.一种铝合金,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.5%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.3-2.4%,Nb:0.05-0.08%,La:0.2-0.8%,Ce:0.5-0.7%,Tb:0.07-0.08%,Sm:0.1-0.4%,Li:0.8-1.1%,Re:0.1-0.2%,Yb:0.06-0.08%,其余为Al;所述铝合金的制备方法如下:
1)将重量百分比为:Mg:1.5%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.3-2.4%,Nb:0.05-0.08%,La:0.2-0.8%,Ce:0.5-0.7%,Tb:0.07-0.08%,Sm:0.1-0.4%,Li:0.8-1.1%,Re:0.1-0.2%,Yb:0.06-0.08%,其余为Al的铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理,温度为590-600℃,时间为5小时;
2)均匀化热处理后进行搅拌与扒渣,用干燥的CaCl2、NaCl和KCl混合卤化物进行覆盖,精炼,浇铸成锭,其中,CaCl2、NaCl和KCl的重量比为1:2:2;
3)对浇铸成锭铝合金进行500~510℃退火,时间为20小时,530℃预热后进行锻压加工,在580℃进行固溶处理,然后进行时效处理。
2.一种铝合金,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:Mg:1.3%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.5%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.3%,Ce:0.5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li:0.9%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.06%,其余为Al;所述铝合金的制备方法如下:
1)将重量百分比为:Mg:1.3%,Si:1.1%,Zn:2.5%,Nb:0.07%,La:0.3%,Ce:0.5%,Tb:0.07%,Sm:0.3%,Li:0.9%,Re:0.1%,Yb:0.06%,其余为Al的铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理,温度为590-600℃,时间为5小时;
2)均匀化热处理后进行搅拌与扒渣,用干燥的CaCl2、NaCl和KCl混合卤化物进行覆盖,精炼,浇铸成锭,其中,CaCl2、NaCl和KCl的重量比为1:2:2;
3)对浇铸成锭铝合金进行500~510℃退火,时间为20小时,530℃预热后进行锻压加工,在580℃进行固溶处理,然后进行时效处理。
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