CN105704903A - Discharging electrode structure generated by vacuum plasmas based on magnetic field effects - Google Patents
Discharging electrode structure generated by vacuum plasmas based on magnetic field effects Download PDFInfo
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- CN105704903A CN105704903A CN201610151028.4A CN201610151028A CN105704903A CN 105704903 A CN105704903 A CN 105704903A CN 201610151028 A CN201610151028 A CN 201610151028A CN 105704903 A CN105704903 A CN 105704903A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
- H05H1/04—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using magnetic fields substantially generated by the discharge in the plasma
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Abstract
The invention discloses a discharging electrode structure generated by vacuum plasmas based on magnetic field effects, which is placed in a vacuum environment and comprises a cathode, an anode and an insulated part, wherein the cathode comprises a metal cylinder, one end of the metal cylinder is provided with a circular cone, and the cone end of the circular cone serves as a discharging end of the cathode; the insulated part comprises a tubular insulated part sleeving and coating the cathode, and one end of the tubular insulated part is provided with a horn-shaped radial insulated part; the anode comprises a ring anode and a spiral tube-shaped anode; one end of the tubular insulated part is connected with the horn-shaped radial insulated part via the ring anode; a single layer or multiple layers of metal wires with insulation is or are spirally wound on the insulated part to form the spiral tube-shaped anode; axes of the ring anode and the spiral tube-shaped anode and the cone end center line of the cathode circular cone are kept to be coincident; and the cathode is connected with a negative high-voltage terminal of an external circuit via a wiring column, one end of the spiral tube-shaped anode is directly connected with the ring anode, and the other end of the spiral tube-shaped anode is grounded via a wire.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric propulsion technology field of microsatellite application, relate to the discharge electrode structure that a kind of plasma generates, more particularly relate to a kind of sparking electrode generating high density, high-energy, vectored injection plasma。
Background technology
In vacuum environment, electric discharge produces metallic plasma, and these metallic plasmas have significantly high energy, and its characteristic is closely related with electrode structure。When arc current is less, the form of vacuum arc, in diffusion state, produces the plasma with certain movement energy。Metallic plasma can be applicable to ion beam surface analysis technique and ion implantation technique；It is directed to the vacuum environment in cosmic space, available electrode provides metallic plasma to produce thrust, without carrying extra propellant, and utilize discharge current to flow through anode solenoid portion and produce magnetic field without additional solenoid, reduce propeller size, can be applicable to the propulsion system of grapefruit satellite fine adjustment of attitude。
In existing technology, vacuum discharge adopts cone-plate electrode and cone-cylinder electrode mostly。The plasma that cone-plate electrode produces can be stopped by plate-shaped anode when Propagation, and what can utilize is only the plasma least partially radially propagated；The plasma that cone-cylinder electrode generates is not blocked in axial propagation, but owing to acting in communication process of electric field line is understood in radial diffusion, thus axially the density of plasma, energy can significantly reduce。
Chinese patent CN102869181A has carried " electrode structure and electrode fixing structure for plasma propeller ", by designing cylindrical cathode and opening the anode of bell mouth shape, utilize the plasma ablation to insulation wall when discharging, produce high-energy, highdensity plasma, improve this type of angle of rake propulsive performance to a certain extent。But the plasma that the electrode structure of this patent produces is in Propagation process and the plasma of suppression radial diffusion not yet in effect, can lose certain acceleration energy, affect angle of rake performance。Document " Dou Zhijun; Liu Wenzheng; Chen Xiuyang. the impact [J] of magnetic field plasma formation characteristic in vacuum discharge. vacuum; 2015; 03:59-62. " in the electrode mentioned be cone spiral electrode, propose the theory using helical anode to produce the generation constraint of axial magnetic field plasma, orientation, compared for cone tubular electrode and plasma density that cone spiral electrode produces, it was demonstrated that cone screw electrode can utilize magnetic field to improve plasma and produce density and directionality simultaneous quantitative。But, the document simply proposes and demonstrates helical anode structure can effectively fetter plasma theory, and uncomprehensive electricity, magnetic field angle are comprehensively to electrode structural designs optimization。
The practical consequence that the present invention and inventor propose based on the theoretical research formerly delivered。
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of discharge electrode structure generated for vacuum plasma。By rational electrode structural designs, utilize cathode and anode to cooperate, produce strong electric district, to reduce the firing potential of electrode near cathode point；Utilize anode solenoid portion, electrode interior cavity produces stronger axial magnetic field, it is possible to effectively retrain plasma, reduce the radial diffusion of plasma, increase plasma density and energy that electrode ejects。
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of vacuum plasma discharge electrode structure, can solving existing cone-plate electrode in discharge process only with the problem that the plasma density along electrode radial diffusion is less, when can solve again the electric discharge of cone-cylinder class electrode vacuum, plasma causes axial energy to decline fast problem due to radial diffusion。
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field generates, it is placed in vacuum environment, including negative electrode, anode and insulating element, described negative electrode includes a metal cylinder, one end of metal cylinder is provided with cone, and the tapered end of cone is as the discharge end of negative electrode；Insulating element includes the tubular insulation division of a suit parcel negative electrode, and one end of tubular insulation division is provided with horn-like radiation insulation division；Anode includes an orificed anode and a helix anode；Wherein,
One end of tubular insulation division connects horn-like radiation insulation division by orificed anode；Helix anode is the outside that the metal wire of single or multiple lift tape insulation is spirally wound on insulating element；The axis of orificed anode and helix anode keeps overlapping with the tapered end centrage of negative electrode cone；Negative electrode is connected with the negative high voltage terminal of external circuit by binding post, and a terminal of helix anode and orificed anode are directly connected to, and the other end of helix anode passes through wired earth。
The tapered end of described cone is arc or spherical。The tapering of described cone cone is 1:2 to 2:1。
The two ends of described orificed anode are with groove structure, the groove of tubular insulation division and horn-like insulation division embedded rings shape anode respectively。
Or,
The two ends of described orificed anode are threaded structure, and tubular insulation division is connected with orificed anode by screw thread with horn-like insulation division。
The metal cylinder of described negative electrode adopts good magnetic conductive metal material to make。The cone end of negative electrode may select other conductor materials, and remains a good conductive body。
Position in helix anode 1/3rd scope, the cone end of described negative electrode is adjustable。
The material of described insulator portion can with the bigger material of dielectric constant, such as polytetrafluoro material。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compared with prior art, the anode of sparking electrode is arranged to solenoid shape to the present invention by the present invention, and taper negative electrode inserts and keeps both centrages to overlap in this solenoid anode, and electric discharge produces at described cathode point。During electric discharge, electric current flows through solenoid and can produce stronger axial magnetic field inside solenoid。Plasma is in the process of diffusion, charged particle axial movement component is unaffected, radial motion component can deflect to central shaft under the effect of Lorentz force, has therefore reached the effect of constraint plasma, thus axially obtaining high density, high-octane plasma。Additionally, due to described cathode column body portion uses the metallic conductor that permeance is good, negative electrode can converge the magnetic line of force by negative electrode cylinder, there is a high-intensity magnetic field district at taper tip place, it is ensured that effective utilization in magnetic field。
This discharge electrode structure is simple, discharge stability and reproducible。
Accompanying drawing explanation
It is considered in conjunction with the accompanying, by referring to detailed description below, can more completely be more fully understood that the present invention and easily learn the advantage that many of which is adjoint, accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitute the part of the present invention, the schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, is not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the two-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the discharge electrode structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the concrete discharge circuit figure comprising the sparking electrode shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 indicates the Density Distribution situation of the surrounding them plasma utilizing Langmuir probe method to record。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described。
Fig. 1 is the structure two-dimensional representation of the sparking electrode embodiment of the present invention。Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, sparking electrode includes the negative electrode 1 with cone end, orificed anode 3a, solenoid shape anode 3b and tubular insulating element 2a, horn-like insulating element 2b。
Wherein, described negative electrode 1 has the structure of cone tapered end for one end, and this tapered end is as the discharge end of negative electrode 1。By arranging tapered end as discharge end, can enhanced discharge effect, and make plasma occur in electrode centers region, it is simple to magnetically confined controls, but the tip of the cone of cone is not easily too sharp, point of discharge otherwise can be caused to offset, affect discharge stability。In the present embodiment, negative electrode 1 includes metal cylinder and is arranged at the conical structure of this metal cylinder one end, and the tapering of conical structure is 1:2 to 2:1, is specially 1:1 in the present embodiment。Negative electrode is connected with the negative high voltage terminal of external circuit。
The material of the columnar part of the metal cylinder of described negative electrode 1 can adopt the good permeance metal of irony。
Additionally, be the stability improving electric discharge further, the tip of the tapered end of negative electrode 1 to keep certain circularity, for instance, it is possible to tapered end tip is set to arcuation or spherical。
Described helix anode 3b is a solenoid structure, and it makes for enameled conducting wire, solenoidal enameled conducting wire diameter and solenoid diameter and solenoidal pitch etc. can accordingly and discharge voltage and arrange。
For ease of understanding, the detailed dimensions of one group sparking electrode is given below。Electric discharge orificed anode 3a is cylinder ring, its internal diameter is 5mm width is 4mm, it is plugged between tubular insulating element 2a and horn-like insulating element 2b by groove, helix anode 3b adopts diameter to be 8.0mm, the enamel-cover copper conductor of long 34.5mm is double-deck close around the spiral electrode that the number of turn is 230 circles, and a terminal soldering of helix anode 3b is connected on the outside of orificed anode 3a。Negative electrode cone tips adopts lead metal, and metal cylinder adopts stainless steel material, and negative electrode overall length 25mm, metal cylinder diameter is 5mm, and cone tapering is 1:1。Tubular insulating element 2a and horn-like insulating element 2b between negative electrode and anode are polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material。
Discharge power supply adopts pulsed discharge form, and its concrete discharge circuit is as shown in Figure 2。220V alternating current power supply, gives electric capacity C2 charging after transformer boost, voltage doubling rectifing circuit conversion。When applying firing pulse to 3 gaps, 3 gap conductings, constitute loop through C2,27 Ω resistance, 160 μ H inductance and vacuum gap, vacuum gap punctures generation electric discharge phenomena。Negative electrode connects power supply high-pressure side by binding post, and orificed anode passes through wired earth。
Fig. 3 illustrates the density of the plasma having been surveyed cone-screw electrode and cone-cylinder electrode by Langmuir probe method, and wherein discharge anode is respectively adopted pitch is 3mm, 10 circles, the steel spiral electrode of internal diameter 10mm, and the tubular electrode of internal diameter 10mm。Electric discharge negative electrode adopts cone angle 60 °, the plumbous matter taper electrode of internal diameter 5mm。When identical discharge current, compared with cone-cylinder electrode, the plasma density that cone-screw electrode generates is bigger。Illustrate to utilize cone-screw electrode structure can obtain high density, large-area metallic plasma。
In the present embodiment, the anode of sparking electrode being set to helix, taper negative electrode and solenoid are same centrage。During due to electric discharge, electric current flows through anode solenoid and can produce a bigger axial magnetic field by the heart in the electrodes, and the radial motion component of charged particle can be produced constraint effect by this magnetic field, it is possible to increase the density of plasma, energy。It is to say, relatively conventional cone-cylinder and cone-plate electrode, the plasma boring screw electrode generation proposed in the present invention program has had large increase in axial density, it may be achieved the generation of high-density plasma。And, this discharge electrode structure is simple, discharge stability and reproducible。
Above-mentioned sparking electrode can be applicable in plasma device, applies this plasma device and can realize pulsed discharge plasma injection technique and pulse metal ion propulsion technology。
Although the present invention is with preferred embodiment openly as above; but it is not for limiting the present invention; any those skilled in the art are without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can making possible variation and amendment, therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the scope that the claims in the present invention define。Described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments。Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention。
Claims (7)
1. the discharge electrode structure that the vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field generates, it is placed in vacuum environment, including negative electrode, anode and insulating element, it is characterized in that, described negative electrode includes a metal cylinder, one end of metal cylinder is provided with cone, and the tapered end of cone is as the discharge end of negative electrode；
Insulating element includes the tubular insulation division of a suit parcel negative electrode and an insulation division being arranged with horn-like radiation；
Anode includes an orificed anode and a helix anode；Wherein,
One end of tubular insulation division connects horn-like radiation insulation division by orificed anode；
Helix anode is the outside that the metal wire of single or multiple lift tape insulation is spirally wound on insulating element；
The axis of orificed anode and helix anode keeps overlapping with the tapered end centrage of negative electrode cone；
Negative electrode is connected with the negative high voltage terminal of external circuit by binding post, and a terminal of helix anode and orificed anode are directly connected to, and the other end of helix anode passes through wired earth。
2. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 generates, it is characterised in that the tapered end of described cone is arc or spherical。
3. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 and 2 generates, it is characterised in that the tapering of described cone cone is 1:2 to 2:1。
4. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 generates, it is characterised in that the two ends of described orificed anode are with groove structure, the groove of tubular insulation division and horn-like insulation division embedded rings shape anode respectively。
5. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 generates, it is characterised in that the two ends of described orificed anode are threaded structure, and tubular insulation division is connected with orificed anode by screw thread with horn-like insulation division。
6. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 generates, it is characterised in that the metal cylinder of described negative electrode adopts good magnetic conductive metal material to make。
7. the discharge electrode structure that a kind of vacuum plasma based on the action of a magnetic field according to claim 1 generates, it is characterised in that position within the scope of helix anode, the cone end of described negative electrode is adjustable。
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108194294A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-22 | 北京交通大学 | Coaxial-type anodized insulation type pulsed plasma thruster |
| CN108194293A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-22 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of coaxial-type senses trigger pulse plasma propeller |
| US10014164B2 (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2018-07-03 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Ion beam materials processing system with grid short clearing system for gridded ion beam source |
| CN108612599A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of liquid-electricity interblock space thruster |
| CN109538431A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of Vacuum Arc propeller based on multianode structure |
| CN109751212A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-14 | 北京交通大学 | Pulse plasma propeller with microporous insulation anode |
| CN110225642A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-10 | 郑州大学 | A kind of mixed type plasma jet of novel spark discharge |
| CN110617186A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-27 | 上海空间推进研究所 | Novel discharge chamber structure |
| CN114001003A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-01 | 北京理工大学 | Double-section coaxial toothed cathode pulse plasma thruster |
| US11466360B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2022-10-11 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Enhanced cathodic ARC source for ARC plasma deposition |
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| US10014164B2 (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2018-07-03 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Ion beam materials processing system with grid short clearing system for gridded ion beam source |
| US11466360B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2022-10-11 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Enhanced cathodic ARC source for ARC plasma deposition |
| CN108612599A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of liquid-electricity interblock space thruster |
| CN108612599B (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Liquid-electric combined space thruster |
| CN108194293B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-09-27 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of coaxial-type induction trigger pulse plasma propeller |
| CN108194293A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-22 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of coaxial-type senses trigger pulse plasma propeller |
| CN108194294A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-22 | 北京交通大学 | Coaxial-type anodized insulation type pulsed plasma thruster |
| CN110225642A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-10 | 郑州大学 | A kind of mixed type plasma jet of novel spark discharge |
| CN109538431B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-09-08 | 北京交通大学 | Vacuum arc propeller based on multi-anode structure |
| CN109538431A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of Vacuum Arc propeller based on multianode structure |
| CN109751212A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-14 | 北京交通大学 | Pulse plasma propeller with microporous insulation anode |
| CN110617186A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-27 | 上海空间推进研究所 | Novel discharge chamber structure |
| CN110617186B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-10-09 | 上海空间推进研究所 | Discharge chamber structure |
| CN114001003A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-01 | 北京理工大学 | Double-section coaxial toothed cathode pulse plasma thruster |
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