CN105699616A - Multi-parameter water quality detecting and rating system and water quality rating method based on same - Google Patents
Multi-parameter water quality detecting and rating system and water quality rating method based on same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及测量领域，尤其涉及一种多参数水质检测与评级系统及其水质评级方法。 The invention relates to the measurement field, in particular to a multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system and a water quality rating method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
国外水质检测仪器的研究起步较早，最初主要应用在环保领域，已经在实际工程和管理中发挥了重要的作用，收到了巨大的效益。欧美及日本等国在20世纪70年代己有便携式水质分析仪出售，但都属于瞬时测定仪，连续多参数水质分析仪于20世纪80年代开始使用。近些年来随着电子业的迅猛发展，出现了大批多参数水质检测仪器，检测仪可检测参数也在不断增多。 The research on water quality testing instruments in foreign countries started earlier and was mainly used in the field of environmental protection at first. It has played an important role in practical engineering and management and has received huge benefits. In Europe, America, Japan and other countries, portable water quality analyzers were sold in the 1970s, but they were all instantaneous measuring instruments. Continuous multi-parameter water quality analyzers began to be used in the 1980s. In recent years, with the rapid development of the electronics industry, a large number of multi-parameter water quality testing instruments have emerged, and the detectable parameters of the detectors are also increasing.
波兰Elemtron公司设计了能连接电脑或打印机的防水型多参数水质检测仪CX-401，可同时测量pH值、电导率、溶解氧这几个参数。此仪器测量简便，能在室内或长时间在户外工作，检测参数相对较少。 Poland's Elemtron company designed a waterproof multi-parameter water quality detector CX-401 that can be connected to a computer or a printer, and can measure pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen at the same time. This instrument is easy to measure, can work indoors or outdoors for a long time, and has relatively few detection parameters.
德国近年来推出了型号为IQSensorNet的在线水质多参数测试系统,这套系统可测试PH、温度、溶解氧、电导、浊度、总悬浮固体浓度、氨氮、硝酸根(N03)、化学需氧量(COD)、总碳量(TOC)、生化需氧量(BOD)等参数。但此仪器系统很大，不便于户外现场检测。 In recent years, Germany has launched an online water quality multi-parameter test system model IQSensorNet, which can test PH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids concentration, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate (N03), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and other parameters. However, this instrument system is very large, which is not convenient for outdoor on-site detection.
与国外相比，我国水质检测分析仪器方面的研究与生产起步较晚，至80年代末，我国的水质检测分析的技术路线主要还是以手工采样实验室检测为主，形成的仪器也主要是实验室分析仪器及部分半自动分析仪器，90年代中期以后才逐步开始从手工采样、实验室分析阶段走向半自动脱机系统阶段。至今，国内厂家研究和生产单一或较少参数的水质分析仪的居多，近年来我国国内水质检测发展很快，生产出不少水质检测产品，但其各有利弊。 Compared with foreign countries, the research and production of water quality testing and analysis instruments in my country started relatively late. By the end of the 1980s, the technical route of water quality testing and analysis in my country was mainly based on manual sampling laboratory testing, and the instruments formed were mainly experimental Laboratory analysis instruments and some semi-automatic analysis instruments gradually began to move from manual sampling and laboratory analysis to semi-automatic off-line system stage after the mid-1990s. So far, domestic manufacturers have mostly researched and produced water quality analyzers with single or few parameters. In recent years, my country's domestic water quality testing has developed rapidly, and many water quality testing products have been produced, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
华中科技大学环保技术研究所近年来研究开发出了基于光电比色分析原理的MPT-201型便携式多参数水质分析仪，此仪器可检测COD、浊度，可测参数少。 In recent years, the Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology has researched and developed the MPT-201 portable multi-parameter water quality analyzer based on the principle of photoelectric colorimetric analysis. This instrument can detect COD and turbidity with few measurable parameters.
上海设计出型号为6309PDT的工业式微电脑型酸碱度(pH)/溶解氧/温度控制器。可同时测量和控制酸碱度、溶解氧及温度。其温度、PH值的测量范围较宽，pH值为-2.00~16.00，但不能同时检测COD和浊度。 Shanghai designed an industrial microcomputer pH/dissolved oxygen/temperature controller model 6309PDT. It can measure and control pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature at the same time. Its measurement range of temperature and pH value is wide, and the pH value is -2.00~16.00, but it cannot detect COD and turbidity at the same time.
北京某公司生产的5B-3B型COD多参数测定仪，可测定COD、氨氮、总磷、浊度，其测定范围为2~5000mg/L，但不能同时检测PH值、温度等。 The 5B-3B COD multi-parameter detector produced by a company in Beijing can measure COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and turbidity.
浙江生产的SWA-2000便携式水质监测系统可以实现连续在线监测水体中的COD浓度、pH值、电导率、浊度等,并对测量的数据进行有效管理。但此检测系统容易受到环境温度的影响。 The SWA-2000 portable water quality monitoring system produced in Zhejiang can realize continuous online monitoring of COD concentration, pH value, conductivity, turbidity, etc. in water, and effectively manage the measured data. But this detection system is easily affected by the ambient temperature.
国外检测设备一般系统庞大、价格偏高，国内在线监测分析仪表品种比较单一，易受外部环境温度影响。目前所有水质检测仪的共同问题是信息化程度不高，与互联网少有组合。我们作品主要优势是结合了互联网技术。 Foreign detection equipment generally has a large system and high price, while domestic online monitoring and analysis instruments have a relatively single variety and are easily affected by the external ambient temperature. At present, the common problem of all water quality detectors is that the degree of informatization is not high, and there is little combination with the Internet. The main advantage of our works is the combination of Internet technology.
目前多数水质评价方法都是根据水质测量项目的1项，独立的制定水质评价标准，缺乏一种项数可变，能综合考虑到测量项目种类、测量项数量、测量项目浓度等多个方面的综合水质评判方法。 At present, most water quality evaluation methods are based on one of the water quality measurement items and independently formulate water quality evaluation standards. There is a lack of a variable number of items that can comprehensively consider multiple aspects such as the type of measurement item, the number of measurement items, and the concentration of the measurement item. Comprehensive water quality evaluation method.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对背景技术中所涉及到的缺陷，提供一种多参数水质检测与评级系统及其水质评级方法。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system and its water quality rating method for the defects involved in the background technology.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案： The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
多参数水质检测与评级系统，包含数据分析模块和若干个数据采集模块； Multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system, including data analysis module and several data acquisition modules;
所述数据采集模块包含采集控制单元、溶液温度测量单元、溶液酸碱度测量单元、溶液浊度测量单元、溶液电导率测量单元、电源单元和第一通信单元，其中，采集控制单元分别和溶液温度测量单元、溶液酸碱度测量单元、溶液浊度测量单元、溶液电导率测量单元、电源单元、第一通信单元电气相连； The data acquisition module includes an acquisition control unit, a solution temperature measurement unit, a solution pH measurement unit, a solution turbidity measurement unit, a solution conductivity measurement unit, a power supply unit and a first communication unit, wherein the acquisition control unit is connected with the solution temperature measurement unit respectively. The unit, the solution pH measurement unit, the solution turbidity measurement unit, the solution conductivity measurement unit, the power supply unit, and the first communication unit are electrically connected;
所述数据分析模块包含数据分析控制单元、第二通信单元、显示单元和存储单元，其中，数据分析控制单元分别和第二通信单元、显示单元、存储单元电气相连； The data analysis module includes a data analysis control unit, a second communication unit, a display unit, and a storage unit, wherein the data analysis control unit is electrically connected to the second communication unit, the display unit, and the storage unit respectively;
所述采集控制单元用于将采集到的溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率通过第一通信单元发送至第二通信单元； The collection control unit is used to send the collected solution temperature, pH, turbidity, and conductivity to the second communication unit through the first communication unit;
所述数据分析单元用于将第二通信单元接收到的溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率存储至存储单元中，分析溶液的水质等级，并控制显示单元显示溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率以及水质等级。 The data analysis unit is used to store the solution temperature, pH, turbidity, and conductivity received by the second communication unit in the storage unit, analyze the water quality level of the solution, and control the display unit to display the solution temperature, pH, turbidity, Conductivity and water quality grade.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述溶液温度测量单元采用DS18B20温度传感器芯片。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the solution temperature measurement unit adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor chip.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述溶液酸碱度测量单元包含酸碱度电极和酸碱度调理电路，所述酸碱度电极通过酸碱度调理电路与所述采集控制单元相连。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the solution pH measurement unit includes a pH electrode and a pH conditioning circuit, and the pH electrode is connected to the acquisition control unit through the pH conditioning circuit.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述酸碱度电极采用雷磁E-201-C电极。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the pH electrode adopts Lei Magnetic E-201-C electrode.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述溶液浊度测量单元包含浊度传感器和浊度调理电路，所述浊度传感器通过浊度调理电路与所述采集控制单元相连。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the solution turbidity measurement unit includes a turbidity sensor and a turbidity conditioning circuit, and the turbidity sensor is connected to the acquisition control unit through the turbidity conditioning circuit.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述溶液电导率测量单元包含电导率电极和电导率调理电路两部分，所述电导率电极通过电导率调理电路与所述采集控制单元相连。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the solution conductivity measurement unit includes two parts: a conductivity electrode and a conductivity conditioning circuit, and the conductivity electrode communicates with the acquisition control unit through the conductivity conditioning circuit. connected.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，所述电导率电极采用雷磁DJS-10E电极。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the electrical conductivity electrode adopts Lei Magnetic DJS-10E electrode.
作为本发明多参数水质检测与评级系统进一步的优化方案，采集控制单元采用混合信号处理器MSP430F5529。 As a further optimization scheme of the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system of the present invention, the acquisition control unit adopts a mixed signal processor MSP430F5529.
本发明还公开了一种基于该多参数水质检测与评级系统的水质评级方法，包含以下步骤： The invention also discloses a water quality rating method based on the multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system, which includes the following steps:
步骤1），将采集到的溶液温度与预设的温度标准值进行比较； Step 1), compare the collected solution temperature with the preset temperature standard value;
步骤1.1），如果采集到的溶液温度等于预设的温度标准值，则将溶液的温度系数值赋值为0； Step 1.1), if the collected solution temperature is equal to the preset temperature standard value, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 0;
步骤1.2），如果采集到的溶液温度不等于预设的温度标准值； Step 1.2), if the collected solution temperature is not equal to the preset temperature standard value;
步骤1.2.1），将采集到的溶液温度减去预设的温度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的温度标注值，得到溶液的温度误差倍数； Step 1.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset temperature standard value from the collected solution temperature, and divide the absolute value by the preset temperature label value to obtain the temperature error multiple of the solution;
步骤1.2.2），将溶液的温度误差倍数分别与预设的第一温度倍数阈值、预设的第二温度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一温度倍数阈值小于预设的第二温度倍数阈值； Step 1.2.2), the temperature error multiple of the solution is compared with the preset first temperature multiple threshold and the preset second temperature multiple threshold respectively, and the preset first temperature multiple threshold is smaller than the preset second temperature multiple threshold temperature multiple threshold;
步骤1.2.2.1），如果溶液的温度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为1； Step 1.2.2.1), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤1.2.2.2），如果溶液的温度误差倍数大于预设的第一温度倍数阈值小于预设的第二温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为5； Step 1.2.2.2), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first temperature multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤1.2.2.3），如果溶液的温度误差倍数大于预设的第二温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为9； Step 1.2.2.3), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤2），将采集到的溶液酸碱度与预设的酸碱度标准值进行比较； Step 2), compare the collected solution pH with the preset pH standard value;
步骤2.1），如果采集到的溶液酸碱度等于预设的酸碱度标准值，则将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为0； Step 2.1), if the pH of the collected solution is equal to the preset pH standard value, assign the value of the pH coefficient of the solution to 0;
步骤2.2），如果采集到的溶液酸碱度不等于预设的酸碱度标准值； Step 2.2), if the pH of the collected solution is not equal to the preset pH standard value;
步骤2.2.1），将采集到的溶液酸碱度减去预设的酸碱度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的酸碱度标注值，得到溶液的酸碱度误差倍数； Step 2.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset pH standard value from the collected solution pH, and divide the absolute value by the preset pH value to obtain the pH error multiple of the solution;
步骤2.2.2），将溶液的酸碱度误差倍数分别与预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值、预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值小于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值； Step 2.2.2), the pH error multiple of the solution is compared with the preset first pH multiple threshold and the preset second pH multiple threshold, and the preset first pH multiple threshold is smaller than the preset second pH multiple threshold. pH multiple threshold;
步骤2.2.2.1），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为1； Step 2.2.2.1), if the pH error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤2.2.2.2），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数大于预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值小于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为5； Step 2.2.2.2), if the pH error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first pH multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤2.2.2.3），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数大于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为9； Step 2.2.2.3), if the pH error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤3），将采集到的溶液浊度与预设的浊度标准值进行比较； Step 3), comparing the collected solution turbidity with the preset turbidity standard value;
步骤3.1），如果采集到的溶液浊度等于预设的浊度标准值，则将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为0； Step 3.1), if the turbidity of the collected solution is equal to the preset turbidity standard value, assign the value of the turbidity coefficient of the solution to 0;
步骤3.2），如果采集到的溶液浊度不等于预设的浊度标准值； Step 3.2), if the collected solution turbidity is not equal to the preset turbidity standard value;
步骤3.2.1），将采集到的溶液浊度减去预设的浊度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的浊度标注值，得到溶液的浊度误差倍数； Step 3.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset turbidity standard value from the collected solution turbidity, and divide the absolute value by the preset turbidity marked value to obtain the turbidity error multiple of the solution;
步骤3.2.2），将溶液的浊度误差倍数分别与预设的第一浊度倍数阈值、预设的第二浊度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一浊度倍数阈值小于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值； Step 3.2.2), comparing the turbidity error multiple of the solution with the preset first turbidity multiple threshold and the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, the preset first turbidity multiple threshold is less than the preset Set the second turbidity multiple threshold;
步骤3.2.2.1），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为1； Step 3.2.2.1), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤3.2.2.2），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数大于预设的第一浊度倍数阈值小于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为5； Step 3.2.2.2), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first turbidity multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤3.2.2.3），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数大于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为9； Step 3.2.2.3), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤4），将采集到的溶液电导率与预设的电导率标准值进行比较； Step 4), compare the collected solution conductivity with the preset conductivity standard value;
步骤4.1），如果采集到的溶液电导率等于预设的电导率标准值，则将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为0； Step 4.1), if the collected solution conductivity is equal to the preset conductivity standard value, assign the conductivity coefficient value of the solution to 0;
步骤4.2），如果采集到的溶液电导率不等于预设的电导率标准值； Step 4.2), if the collected solution conductivity is not equal to the preset conductivity standard value;
步骤4.2.1），将采集到的溶液电导率减去预设的电导率标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的电导率标注值，得到溶液的电导率误差倍数； Step 4.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset conductivity standard value from the collected solution conductivity, and divide the absolute value by the preset conductivity marked value to obtain the conductivity error multiple of the solution;
步骤4.2.2），将溶液的电导率误差倍数分别与预设的第一电导率倍数阈值、预设的第二电导率倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一电导率倍数阈值小于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值； Step 4.2.2), comparing the conductivity error multiple of the solution with the preset first conductivity multiple threshold and the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, the preset first conductivity multiple threshold is less than the preset Set the second conductivity multiple threshold;
步骤4.2.2.1），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数小于等于预设的第一电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为1； Step 4.2.2.1), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 1;
步骤4.2.2.2），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数大于预设的第一电导率倍数阈值小于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为5； Step 4.2.2.2), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first conductivity multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 5;
步骤4.2.2.3），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数大于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为9； Step 4.2.2.3), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 9;
步骤5），将溶液的温度系数值、酸碱度系数值、浊度系数值、电导率系数值相加，得到溶液的水质系数值； Step 5), adding the temperature coefficient value, pH coefficient value, turbidity coefficient value, and conductivity coefficient value of the solution to obtain the water quality coefficient value of the solution;
步骤6），在预先建立的水质系数与水质等级对照表中查询溶液水质系数值对应的水质等级，得到溶液的水质等级。 Step 6), query the water quality grade corresponding to the water quality coefficient value of the solution in the pre-established water quality coefficient and water quality grade comparison table, and obtain the water quality grade of the solution.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical scheme and has the following technical effects:
1.对水的温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率这四个水质核心参数的检测，得出水体的质量状况，为水资源的规划、管理、开发、利用和水污染防治提供科学依据； 1. The detection of the four core water quality parameters of water temperature, pH, turbidity, and electrical conductivity can provide a scientific basis for the planning, management, development, utilization, and water pollution prevention and control of water resources;
2.跨越硬件平台的限制，方法可在多种采集控制单元、平台上使用； 2. Beyond the limitation of hardware platform, the method can be used on various acquisition control units and platforms;
3.一种能综合考虑到测量项目种类、测量项数量、测量项目浓度等多个方面，根据任意多项不同种水质数据，得到一个水质评价结果的评价方法。 3. An evaluation method that can comprehensively consider multiple aspects such as the type of measurement item, the number of measurement items, and the concentration of the measurement item, and obtain a water quality evaluation result based on any number of different water quality data.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是数据采集模块结构图； Fig. 1 is a data acquisition module structural diagram;
图2是数据分析模块结构图； Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the data analysis module;
图3是pH调理电路电路图； Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a pH conditioning circuit;
图4是电导率测量电路电路图； Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a conductivity measurement circuit;
图5是采集控制单元软件流程示意图。 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the software flow of the acquisition control unit.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明公开了一种多参数水质检测与评级系统，包含数据分析模块和若干个数据采集模块； The invention discloses a multi-parameter water quality detection and rating system, which includes a data analysis module and several data acquisition modules;
如图1所示，所述数据采集模块包含采集控制单元、溶液温度测量单元、溶液酸碱度测量单元、溶液浊度测量单元、溶液电导率测量单元、电源单元和第一通信单元，其中，采集控制单元分别和溶液温度测量单元、溶液酸碱度测量单元、溶液浊度测量单元、溶液电导率测量单元、电源单元、第一通信单元电气相连； As shown in Figure 1, the data acquisition module includes an acquisition control unit, a solution temperature measurement unit, a solution pH measurement unit, a solution turbidity measurement unit, a solution conductivity measurement unit, a power supply unit and a first communication unit, wherein the acquisition control The units are electrically connected to the solution temperature measurement unit, the solution pH measurement unit, the solution turbidity measurement unit, the solution conductivity measurement unit, the power supply unit, and the first communication unit;
如图2所示，所述数据分析模块包含数据分析控制单元、第二通信单元、显示单元和存储单元，其中，数据分析控制单元分别和第二通信单元、显示单元、存储单元电气相连； As shown in Figure 2, the data analysis module includes a data analysis control unit, a second communication unit, a display unit and a storage unit, wherein the data analysis control unit is electrically connected to the second communication unit, the display unit, and the storage unit respectively;
所述采集控制单元用于将采集到的溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率通过第一通信单元发送至第二通信单元； The collection control unit is used to send the collected solution temperature, pH, turbidity, and conductivity to the second communication unit through the first communication unit;
所述数据分析单元用于将第二通信单元接收到的溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率存储至存储单元中，根据SJ水质评级方法分析溶液的水质等级，并控制显示单元显示溶液温度、酸碱度、浊度、电导率以及水质等级。 The data analysis unit is used to store the solution temperature, pH, turbidity and conductivity received by the second communication unit in the storage unit, analyze the water quality level of the solution according to the SJ water quality rating method, and control the display unit to display the solution temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and water quality ratings.
溶液温度测量模块采用原装进口DS18B20温度传感器芯片,芯片每个引脚均用热缩管隔开，防止短路，内部封胶，优质不锈钢管封装。防水、防潮、防生锈。每个探头经过严格测试。感温范围宽-55℃～+125℃，精确度0.1摄氏度，符合国家标准。 The solution temperature measurement module adopts the original imported DS18B20 temperature sensor chip. Each pin of the chip is separated by a heat shrinkable tube to prevent short circuit. The internal sealant is sealed with high-quality stainless steel tube. Waterproof, moisture-proof and rust-proof. Each probe is rigorously tested. The temperature sensing range is wide -55℃～+125℃, and the accuracy is 0.1℃, which meets the national standard.
DS18B20拥有独特的单线接口方式，在与采集控制单元连接时仅需要一条口线即可实现采集控制单元与DS18B20的双向通讯。 DS18B20 has a unique single-line interface mode. When connecting with the acquisition control unit, only one port line is needed to realize the two-way communication between the acquisition control unit and DS18B20.
溶液酸碱度测量模块包括酸碱度电极和酸碱度调理电路两部分。 The solution pH measuring module includes two parts: a pH electrode and a pH conditioning circuit.
酸碱度电极采用雷磁E-201-C电极，该电极性能十分优越。检测浓度范围PH0-14，响应时间≤5S，稳定时间≤60S，元件功耗≤0.5W，工作温度-10~50℃（标称温度20℃），工作湿度95%RH（标称湿度65%RH），使用寿命3年。 The pH electrode adopts Lei Magnetic E-201-C electrode, which has excellent performance. Detection concentration range PH0-14, response time ≤ 5S, stabilization time ≤ 60S, component power consumption ≤ 0.5W, working temperature -10~50°C (nominal temperature 20°C), working humidity 95%RH (nominal humidity 65% RH), the service life is 3 years.
由酸碱度电极采集到的信号经过电容滤波后传到PH调理电路，如图3所示，由于酸碱度电极在中性（PH=7）时不产生电压，酸碱度电极在酸性（PH<7）时产生负向电压，酸碱度电极在碱性（PH>7）时产生正向电压，但采集控制单元仅能采集正向电压，故需要给一个正向偏置，此处由定值电阻RPH1和RPH2、稳压芯片TL431ACD、可调电位器RPH5四个元器件分压得到该正向偏置，由于使用了可调电位器RPH5，根据分压电路特点可知，加到放大器TLC4502引脚3的偏置电压是可调的。根据我们的理论推算和实际测量，我们设置偏置电压为1V多，且是可调的，使得所有酸碱度所对应的电压都是正电压。同时，由于酸碱度电极产生的电信号比较微弱，在几毫伏到几十毫伏，采集控制单元采集太小的信号会产生很大的误差（相对误差较大），所以需要放大器进行放大，本设计使用TLC4502进行放大，最终信号讲过送入采集控制单元的AD采集引脚。 The signal collected by the pH electrode is filtered by the capacitor and then sent to the pH conditioning circuit. As shown in Figure 3, since the pH electrode does not generate voltage when it is neutral (PH=7), the pH electrode generates voltage when it is acidic (PH<7). Negative voltage, the pH electrode generates positive voltage when it is alkaline (PH>7), but the acquisition control unit can only collect positive voltage, so it needs to give a forward bias, here consists of fixed value resistors RPH1 and RPH2, The voltage regulator chip TL431ACD and the adjustable potentiometer RPH5 are divided to obtain the forward bias. Since the adjustable potentiometer RPH5 is used, according to the characteristics of the voltage dividing circuit, the bias voltage added to pin 3 of the amplifier TLC4502 is adjustable. According to our theoretical calculation and actual measurement, we set the bias voltage to be more than 1V, and it is adjustable, so that the voltages corresponding to all pH levels are positive voltages. At the same time, because the electrical signal generated by the pH electrode is relatively weak, at a few millivolts to tens of millivolts, the acquisition control unit will generate a large error (relatively large error) when the acquisition control unit collects too small a signal, so an amplifier is needed to amplify it. The design uses TLC4502 for amplification, and the final signal is sent to the AD acquisition pin of the acquisition control unit.
溶液浊度测量模块包括浊度传感器和浊度调理电路两部分。 The solution turbidity measurement module includes two parts: a turbidity sensor and a turbidity conditioning circuit.
溶液浊度传感器响应时间<500ms，操作温度-30℃—80℃，存储温度-10—80℃。基本原理是一个发光二极管在发光，光线通过一段液体并发生反射、折射现象，在发光二极管一段距离旁放置一个光敏电阻。当溶液浑浊，二极管发射的许多光线都被反射、折射，到达光敏电阻的光线较少，光敏电阻阻值较大，通电后其上的电压较大；当溶液清澈透明，二极管发射的少部分光线都被反射、折射，到达光敏电阻的光线较多，光敏电阻阻值较小，通电后其上的电压较小。我们通过采集不同的电压得知溶液的浑浊程度。 Solution turbidity sensor response time <500ms, operating temperature -30°C-80°C, storage temperature -10-80°C. The basic principle is that a light-emitting diode is emitting light. The light passes through a section of liquid and is reflected and refracted. A photoresistor is placed at a distance from the light-emitting diode. When the solution is turbid, a lot of light emitted by the diode is reflected and refracted, less light reaches the photoresistor, the resistance of the photoresistor is larger, and the voltage on it is larger after power-on; when the solution is clear and transparent, a small part of the light emitted by the diode All are reflected and refracted, more light reaches the photoresistor, the resistance of the photoresistor is smaller, and the voltage on it is smaller after power-on. We know the turbidity of the solution by collecting different voltages.
溶液浊度调理电路主要是将不在采集控制单元采集电压范围的浊度传感器输出电压变换为符合采集控制单元A/D电压采集范围的电压。 The solution turbidity conditioning circuit is mainly to convert the output voltage of the turbidity sensor that is not in the collection voltage range of the collection control unit into a voltage that meets the A/D voltage collection range of the collection control unit.
溶液电导率测量模块包括电导率电极和电导率测量电路两部分。 The solution conductivity measurement module includes two parts, the conductivity electrode and the conductivity measurement circuit.
电导率电极采用雷磁DJS-10E电极，该电极性能优越，可靠性高。 The conductivity electrode adopts Lei Magnetic DJS-10E electrode, which has superior performance and high reliability.
电导率电极是无源器件，需要外部给激励。如图4所示，波形产生电路核心采用ADI公司的AD9833。采集控制单元产生的方波作为AD9833的系统时钟（参考时钟）。混合信号采集控制单元MSP430F5529通过向SCLK，SDATA，FSYNC引脚向AD9833写入命令字，获取我们需要的正弦波作为激励。 Conductivity electrodes are passive devices that require external excitation. As shown in Figure 4, the core of the waveform generation circuit adopts AD9833 of ADI Company. The square wave generated by the acquisition control unit is used as the system clock (reference clock) of AD9833. The mixed signal acquisition control unit MSP430F5529 writes command words to AD9833 through SCLK, SDATA, and FSYNC pins to obtain the sine wave we need as an excitation.
本设计采用变频法测量水体的电导率。变频法是在将电导池等效电路进行极度简化之后，可以得到并联模型和串联模型。从理论计算上，双频（或变频）都可以消除电容的影响。本设计选取500Hz和1000Hz的双极性正弦波作为激励信号。 This design uses frequency conversion method to measure the conductivity of water body. The frequency conversion method is to obtain the parallel model and the series model after extremely simplifying the equivalent circuit of the conductivity cell. From theoretical calculation, dual frequency (or frequency conversion) can eliminate the influence of capacitance. This design selects the bipolar sine wave of 500Hz and 1000Hz as the excitation signal.
AD9833产生的变频正弦波加到电导率电极上，电极输出的信号通过滤波、运算放大器OPA2704后，得到处理后的交流信号。由于采集控制单元只能采集一个很小范围（0V-2.5V）的直流电压，所以此处需要将交流信号变换为直流信号。为了提高系统的精度，本系统设计中选用了ADI公司的真有效值芯片AD637。让交流信号通过AD637芯片，将交流信号转变为其对应的直流有效值信号，此时的直流给到采集控制单元的A/D采集端口，采集控制单元采集后进行响应计算，得到最终的水体电导率值。 The frequency conversion sine wave generated by AD9833 is added to the conductivity electrode, and the signal output by the electrode passes through the filter and operational amplifier OPA2704 to obtain the processed AC signal. Since the acquisition control unit can only acquire a DC voltage in a small range (0V-2.5V), it is necessary to convert the AC signal into a DC signal here. In order to improve the accuracy of the system, the true RMS chip AD637 of ADI Company was selected in this system design. Let the AC signal pass through the AD637 chip to convert the AC signal into its corresponding DC effective value signal. At this time, the DC is sent to the A/D acquisition port of the acquisition control unit, and the acquisition control unit performs response calculation after acquisition to obtain the final water body conductance rate value.
采集控制单元采用TI公司的混合信号处理器MSP430F5529，该处理器提供了丰富的内置硬件模块和良好的处理器性能。该单片机最突出的特点是低电压、低功耗，适用于低功耗需求的场合。关于单片机程序，如图5，开机后处理器从主程序指令开始执行，完成相应的初始化功能，同时显示开机界面，待系统初始化完成后，进入主界面，处理器关闭进入低功耗模式，待有中断事件（用户指令）后方重新开始运行。用户指令完成后又进入关闭状态，周而复始，从而完成整个系统任务。 The acquisition control unit adopts TI's mixed-signal processor MSP430F5529, which provides rich built-in hardware modules and good processor performance. The most prominent feature of this microcontroller is low voltage and low power consumption, which is suitable for occasions requiring low power consumption. Regarding the MCU program, as shown in Figure 5, the processor starts to execute from the main program instructions after booting up, completes the corresponding initialization function, and displays the booting interface at the same time. It restarts after an interrupt event (user command). After the user's instruction is completed, it enters the closed state again, and it goes round and round to complete the entire system task.
电源单元使用了电源管理芯片将+12V，-12V通用电压转变为+3.3V、+4.1V、+5V等供各元器件使用。 The power supply unit uses a power management chip to convert +12V, -12V universal voltage into +3.3V, +4.1V, +5V, etc. for the use of various components.
第一通信单元包括SIM900A芯片和天线，采集控制单元通过给SIM900A发送指令，并将水质数据传送给SIM900A，SIM900A接收到指令和水质数据后，通过天线将水质数据发出。 The first communication unit includes a SIM900A chip and an antenna. The acquisition control unit sends commands to SIM900A and transmits water quality data to SIM900A. After receiving the commands and water quality data, SIM900A sends out the water quality data through the antenna.
第二通信单元将数据接收后，在数据分析控制单元的控制下，将数据存入存储单元。 After receiving the data, the second communication unit stores the data into the storage unit under the control of the data analysis control unit.
数据分析控制单元除了对第二通信单元、存储单元、显示单元进行控制，还要对水质数据进行智能评级，评级的方法是SJ水质评级方法。SJ水质评级方法用于水质状况的评级，有通用性、全面性、广泛性等特点。本方法考虑到了测量项目种类、测量项数量、测量项目浓度等多个方面，并允许用户自定义一些参数（阈值），以便适应不同场合的水质评测。方法综合以上四个部分，给出水质评估结果。 In addition to controlling the second communication unit, storage unit, and display unit, the data analysis control unit also performs intelligent rating on water quality data, and the rating method is the SJ water quality rating method. The SJ water quality rating method is used for the rating of water quality status, and has the characteristics of universality, comprehensiveness and extensiveness. This method takes into account the types of measurement items, the number of measurement items, the concentration of measurement items, etc., and allows users to customize some parameters (thresholds) in order to adapt to water quality evaluation in different occasions. Methods Combining the above four parts, the water quality assessment results are given.
水质评级方法包含以下步骤： The water quality rating methodology consists of the following steps:
步骤1），将采集到的溶液温度与预设的温度标准值进行比较； Step 1), compare the collected solution temperature with the preset temperature standard value;
步骤1.1），如果采集到的溶液温度等于预设的温度标准值，则将溶液的温度系数值赋值为0； Step 1.1), if the collected solution temperature is equal to the preset temperature standard value, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 0;
步骤1.2），如果采集到的溶液温度不等于预设的温度标准值； Step 1.2), if the collected solution temperature is not equal to the preset temperature standard value;
步骤1.2.1），将采集到的溶液温度减去预设的温度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的温度标注值，得到溶液的温度误差倍数； Step 1.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset temperature standard value from the collected solution temperature, and divide the absolute value by the preset temperature label value to obtain the temperature error multiple of the solution;
步骤1.2.2），将溶液的温度误差倍数分别与预设的第一温度倍数阈值、预设的第二温度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一温度倍数阈值小于预设的第二温度倍数阈值； Step 1.2.2), the temperature error multiple of the solution is compared with the preset first temperature multiple threshold and the preset second temperature multiple threshold respectively, and the preset first temperature multiple threshold is smaller than the preset second temperature multiple threshold temperature multiple threshold;
步骤1.2.2.1），如果溶液的温度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为1； Step 1.2.2.1), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤1.2.2.2），如果溶液的温度误差倍数大于预设的第一温度倍数阈值小于预设的第二温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为5； Step 1.2.2.2), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first temperature multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤1.2.2.3），如果溶液的温度误差倍数大于预设的第二温度倍数阈值，将溶液的温度系数值赋值为9； Step 1.2.2.3), if the temperature error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second temperature multiple threshold, assign the temperature coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤2），将采集到的溶液酸碱度与预设的酸碱度标准值进行比较； Step 2), compare the collected solution pH with the preset pH standard value;
步骤2.1），如果采集到的溶液酸碱度等于预设的酸碱度标准值，则将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为0； Step 2.1), if the pH of the collected solution is equal to the preset pH standard value, assign the value of the pH coefficient of the solution to 0;
步骤2.2），如果采集到的溶液酸碱度不等于预设的酸碱度标准值； Step 2.2), if the pH of the collected solution is not equal to the preset pH standard value;
步骤2.2.1），将采集到的溶液酸碱度减去预设的酸碱度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的酸碱度标注值，得到溶液的酸碱度误差倍数； Step 2.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset pH standard value from the collected solution pH, and divide the absolute value by the preset pH value to obtain the pH error multiple of the solution;
步骤2.2.2），将溶液的酸碱度误差倍数分别与预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值、预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值小于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值； Step 2.2.2), the pH error multiple of the solution is compared with the preset first pH multiple threshold and the preset second pH multiple threshold, and the preset first pH multiple threshold is smaller than the preset second pH multiple threshold. pH multiple threshold;
步骤2.2.2.1），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为1； Step 2.2.2.1), if the pH error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤2.2.2.2），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数大于预设的第一酸碱度倍数阈值小于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为5； Step 2.2.2.2), if the pH error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first pH multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤2.2.2.3），如果溶液的酸碱度误差倍数大于预设的第二酸碱度倍数阈值，将溶液的酸碱度系数值赋值为9； Step 2.2.2.3), if the pH error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second pH multiple threshold, assign the pH coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤3），将采集到的溶液浊度与预设的浊度标准值进行比较； Step 3), comparing the collected solution turbidity with the preset turbidity standard value;
步骤3.1），如果采集到的溶液浊度等于预设的浊度标准值，则将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为0； Step 3.1), if the turbidity of the collected solution is equal to the preset turbidity standard value, assign the value of the turbidity coefficient of the solution to 0;
步骤3.2），如果采集到的溶液浊度不等于预设的浊度标准值； Step 3.2), if the collected solution turbidity is not equal to the preset turbidity standard value;
步骤3.2.1），将采集到的溶液浊度减去预设的浊度标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的浊度标注值，得到溶液的浊度误差倍数； Step 3.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset turbidity standard value from the collected solution turbidity, and divide the absolute value by the preset turbidity marked value to obtain the turbidity error multiple of the solution;
步骤3.2.2），将溶液的浊度误差倍数分别与预设的第一浊度倍数阈值、预设的第二浊度倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一浊度倍数阈值小于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值； Step 3.2.2), comparing the turbidity error multiple of the solution with the preset first turbidity multiple threshold and the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, the preset first turbidity multiple threshold is less than the preset Set the second turbidity multiple threshold;
步骤3.2.2.1），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数小于等于预设的第一浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为1； Step 3.2.2.1), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 1;
步骤3.2.2.2），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数大于预设的第一浊度倍数阈值小于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为5； Step 3.2.2.2), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first turbidity multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 5;
步骤3.2.2.3），如果溶液的浊度误差倍数大于预设的第二浊度倍数阈值，将溶液的浊度系数值赋值为9； Step 3.2.2.3), if the turbidity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second turbidity multiple threshold, assign the turbidity coefficient value of the solution to 9;
步骤4），将采集到的溶液电导率与预设的电导率标准值进行比较； Step 4), compare the collected solution conductivity with the preset conductivity standard value;
步骤4.1），如果采集到的溶液电导率等于预设的电导率标准值，则将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为0； Step 4.1), if the collected solution conductivity is equal to the preset conductivity standard value, assign the conductivity coefficient value of the solution to 0;
步骤4.2），如果采集到的溶液电导率不等于预设的电导率标准值； Step 4.2), if the collected solution conductivity is not equal to the preset conductivity standard value;
步骤4.2.1），将采集到的溶液电导率减去预设的电导率标准值后取绝对值，并将该绝对值除以预设的电导率标注值，得到溶液的电导率误差倍数； Step 4.2.1), take the absolute value after subtracting the preset conductivity standard value from the collected solution conductivity, and divide the absolute value by the preset conductivity marked value to obtain the conductivity error multiple of the solution;
步骤4.2.2），将溶液的电导率误差倍数分别与预设的第一电导率倍数阈值、预设的第二电导率倍数阈值进行比较，所述预设的第一电导率倍数阈值小于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值； Step 4.2.2), comparing the conductivity error multiple of the solution with the preset first conductivity multiple threshold and the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, the preset first conductivity multiple threshold is less than the preset Set the second conductivity multiple threshold;
步骤4.2.2.1），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数小于等于预设的第一电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为1； Step 4.2.2.1), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is less than or equal to the preset first conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 1;
步骤4.2.2.2），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数大于预设的第一电导率倍数阈值小于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为5； Step 4.2.2.2), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset first conductivity multiple threshold and smaller than the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 5;
步骤4.2.2.3），如果溶液的电导率误差倍数大于预设的第二电导率倍数阈值，将溶液的电导率系数值赋值为9； Step 4.2.2.3), if the conductivity error multiple of the solution is greater than the preset second conductivity multiple threshold, assign the value of the conductivity coefficient of the solution to 9;
步骤5），将溶液的温度系数值、酸碱度系数值、浊度系数值、电导率系数值相加，得到溶液的水质系数值； Step 5), adding the temperature coefficient value, pH coefficient value, turbidity coefficient value, and conductivity coefficient value of the solution to obtain the water quality coefficient value of the solution;
步骤6），在预先建立的水质系数与水质等级对照表中查询溶液水质系数值对应的水质等级，得到溶液的水质等级。 Step 6), query the water quality grade corresponding to the water quality coefficient value of the solution in the pre-established water quality coefficient and water quality grade comparison table, and obtain the water quality grade of the solution.
水质等级包含四个等级：标准、轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染。水质分析完毕后，数据分析控制单元控制显示单元，将存储器中的水质数据和水质等级显示在屏幕上。 The water quality level consists of four levels: standard, lightly polluted, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted. After the water quality analysis is completed, the data analysis control unit controls the display unit to display the water quality data and water quality grades in the memory on the screen.
水质系数与水质等级对照表中两者的对照关系如下： The comparison relationship between the water quality coefficient and the water quality grade comparison table is as follows:
本技术领域技术人员可以理解的是，除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语（包括技术术语和科学术语）具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是，诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，并且除非像这里一样定义，不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。 Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein Explanation.
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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