CN104374882A - Wireless intelligent carbon sink monitoring system - Google Patents
Wireless intelligent carbon sink monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104374882A CN104374882A CN201410668617.0A CN201410668617A CN104374882A CN 104374882 A CN104374882 A CN 104374882A CN 201410668617 A CN201410668617 A CN 201410668617A CN 104374882 A CN104374882 A CN 104374882A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless intelligent carbon sink monitoring system which comprises an MCU minimum system module, a power supply circuit module, a JTAG debugging port module, a sensor module for temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and the like, a real-time clock module, an interface module, a display module, a key, a control circuit module, an analog signal module and a data storage module, and further comprises a remote control host unit system, wherein ten moulds are arranged; the remote control host unit system comprises a main data storage module, a display, an external fault alarming module and an external working monitoring module. The wireless intelligent carbon sink monitoring system is a carbon sink and carbon discharging monitoring system based on a sensing net technology; by the use of the advantages of real-time, synchronous and large-scale data acquisition of a wireless sensor network, the multi-point, continuous and synchronous monitoring on the concentration of COz in air and other environmental data is realized; an atmosphere process inversion theory is used as a basis for constructing a multidimensional carbon concentration change model; by the combining of an ecological system carbon balance mechanism estimation model, the measurement on a regional carbon balance amount is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment measuring field, particularly relate to a kind of intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system.
Background technology
The carbon emission of scientific and effective monitoring city and forest and carbon converge and will promote the right of speech of China in the international affairs tackling Global climate change, and provide scientific basis for national development low-carbon economy.But limit by technical conditions and cost, existing observation method is difficult to obtain zonal carbon source and carbon remittance data accurately.Prior art has:
(1) based on the region Carbon budget appraisal procedure of biomass and Soil carbon storage inventory investigation:
Utilizing long-term and highdensity phytomass and Soil carbon storage to check data, is the carbon storehouse of the evaluation region ecosystem and a kind of conventional art of Carbon flux.All basic datas that this method obtains are measured value, there is larger confidence level, and a lot of ecosystem Carbon budget adopts the method to estimate at present.The advantage of biomass and soil examination method be directly, clear and definite and technology is simple, but its observation cycle is long and time series is discontinuous, when utilizing this research method assessment area Carbon budget, also need fully to represent the investigation sampling point of various ecosystem-type and high-precision Land_use change and windy and sandy soil space sequential chart, the demand that meet this respect is extremely difficult.Meanwhile, the credibility of assessment result in this way should greatly be subject to observing the restriction of the aspects such as the levels of precision of the spacial distribution density of sampling point, the representativeness of various ecosystem observation data and ecosystem-type distribution space information.
(2) based on the region Carbon budget appraisal procedure of flux observation:
The observation of vortex correlation flux compensate for the deficiency that biomass checks the aspects such as the assay method such as method, ground assimilation box and satellite remote sensing discontinuous, accumulation data length consuming time in time, can obtain the CO of a large amount of high time resolution in the short period of time
2flux and environmental change data, for the Carbon flux change and environmental response study mechanism thereof carrying out Different time scales provides conveniently.But eddy covariance technique is a kind of small scale ecosystem observation procedure, and its result itself also just represents the ecosystem Carbon budget feature of observation tower periphery, the observed result of website directly can not be extrapolated to more large regions yardstick.
(3) Atmospheric CO is utilized
2the region Carbon budget appraisal procedure of concentration observation data inverting:
Atmospheric retrieval method utilizes air cot concentration observation data, and combine atmospheric cot gradient with atmospheric transfer model the clean coz exchange capacity assessed between the air of land one, is often used to check ground to check the result of a satellite remote sensing combined techniques calculating.Although on regional scale, the Carbon flux precision that atmospheric retrieval is estimated is comparatively thick, has very large uncertainty, because it can provide the estimated result of land carbon source/remittance independently, so be also the important technology approach of evaluation region Carbon budget.On region, because the website of air coz concentration observation grid extremely lacks, error brought thus be can not ignore, and the result of this method assessment is simultaneously also to atmospheric transfer model error and fossil fuel release cot estimated bias reaction comparatively sensitivity.Air coz retrieving concentration method have ignored many important carbon cycle processes and the important ecosystem (as wetland and urban ecological system), if solely use atmospheric retrieval method to carry out assessment to Terrestrial Carbon revenue and expenditure, its risk still greatly.
(4) based on the Carbon budget appraisal procedure of Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite and aviation measurement:
In recent years, the aviation measurement technology of Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite technology and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration gradient and surface flux is developed rapidly, for evaluate the whole world, region, country origin and great ecological engineering project Carbon budget provide new technological approaches, obtain the great attention of Main Developed Countries.Applied satellite and aviation measurement method can provide high-precision COz observation data, us are helped to understand the greenhouse gas concentration distribution situation in the whole world or region, but the methods combining such as this method needs and atmospheric retrieval could be assessed the Carbon budget in region or the whole world, and the reliability of observed result also needs the checking of ground observation data.The reckoning result of application Remote Sensing Model is subject to the impact of the aspect such as the accuracy of model algorithm, the frequency of moonscope imaging, most of Remote Sensing Model lacks clear and definite physiological ecological mechanism simultaneously, can not the change mechanism of clearly explanation region Carbon budget, and very large uncertainty is also there is in Light energy transfer and transfer process etc.
(5) based on the region Carbon budget appraisal procedure of ecosystem process model
Ecological process mechanism model is the important tool of assessment area Carbon budget, under meticulous space scale Parameterization Scheme and spatialization vegetation and environmental data support, and can the spatial framework of model ecosystem carbon cycle.International ecological process model serves development is very fast, but the acquisition of each net point intrinsic parameter due to evaluated region, and the difficulty such as model dimension conversion, result in most ecological process mechanism model and all there is larger uncertainty when evaluation region Carbon budget.
(6) based on the Carbon budget appraisal procedure of model one Data fusion technique
Model one Data fusion technique is that make full use of can obtainable observation data, by parameter or the state variable of mathematical method adjustment model, make between analog result and observation data, to reach a kind of optimum matching relation, thus understanding and the change of prognoses system state more accurately.Use a model a data method improve model parameter, preference pattern structure, optimize sensor network design and test design and analysis mode result uncertainty etc. in tool advantage.
In sum, the spacial distribution density by observation sampling point is low, be difficult to obtain ground observation data or parameter, cannot the restriction of the condition such as long-time continuous monitoring, and existing monitoring method more or less exists uncertainty to a certain degree.Also do not form at present that complete technical system is carried out in all directions the forest reserves from different scale (individual plant the same ground one region one country), many processes and long-term, synchronous stereoscopic monitoring and carbon converge estimation, also lack clear and definite understanding to Forestry Carbon Mitigation, carbon uptake and Area distribution, time variations and control mechanism thereof.Therefore, need dynamically to carry out deep research to the various ecosystem, further develop the mechanism model that carbon cycle process is portrayed in detail, also need more advanced data acquisition technology and more accurate basic observation data.
At present, the research that employing wireless sensor network is existing preliminary in the monitoring of environmental factor, but on carbon emission and carbon converge monitoring, remain blank both at home and abroad, there is the problem much with theoretical depth and actual application value.This project is by the basis of scale Sensor Network basic theory and key technology research; structure carbon emission and carbon converge monitors typical apply system; the blank of this research field can be filled up; for Obtaining Accurate carbon emission and carbon remittance data provide new monitoring means; widen the practical application of wireless sensor network further, for promoting that the realization of carbon emission reduction target provides strong technical support.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of intelligent wireless carbon to converge monitoring system, be intended to solve the existing spacial distribution density by observation sampling point low, be difficult to obtain ground observation data or parameter, cannot the restriction of long-time continuous monitoring condition and probabilistic problem of existing to a certain degree.
The embodiment of the present invention realizes like this, a kind of intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system, described intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system comprises: power module (solar panel, accumulator, mu balanced circuit), for providing power supply for described intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system, comprises 5V power supply and 3.3V power supply; The sensor assembly such as humiture and carbon dioxide, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, for the temperature of measurement environment, humidity and CO2 concentration; Real-time clock module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, for reading the time in real time and showing on liquid crystal;
JTAG debug port module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, for downloading debugging end;
Data memory module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, is mainly used to storage of collected data;
Interface module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, provides various interface;
Display module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, for liquid crystal display;
Button, is connected with display, for controlling display module display mode;
Control circuit module, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module, for controlling other subsystem work state according to designing requirement, reduces control system power consumption;
Simulating signal module, comprises the circuit of each simulating signal, is connected with MCU minimum systematic module;
MCU minimum systematic module, for sending steering order, realizes the control of system.
Process control host computer system, comprising the total memory module of data, display, peripheral hardware fault alarm module, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular.
The total memory module of data can store the Monitoring Data of multiple peripheral hardware monitoring system, is available for users to carry out data processing, compare and analyze.Peripheral hardware work monitoring modular can converge the duty of monitoring system by Real-Time Monitoring peripheral hardware carbon, and namely whether peripheral hardware operational data returns, whether rreturn value is normal.Peripheral hardware fault alarm module can be carried out prompting when peripheral hardware system works is abnormal and be reported to the police.Show the data message that it can show each peripheral system under the control of the user.
Further, the connected mode of MCU minimum systematic module: 1 pin of chip U2, 7 pins, 62 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply respectively, 3 pins meet 512WP, 4 pins meet 512SCL, 6 pins meet DHT11, 11 pins meet AGND, 12 pins meet FY TXD, 13 pins meet FY CLK, 13 pins meet FY RXD, 15 pins meet B530CTRL, 17 pins meet LCD_RS, 18 pins meet LCD_RW, 19 pins meet LCD_E, 20 pins meet LCD A0, 21 pins meet LCD A1, 22 pins meet LCD A2, 23 pins meet LCD few 3, 24 pins connect LCD clump 4, 25 pins connect LCD clump 5, 26 pins meet LCD A6, 27 pins connect LCD clump 7, 28 pins meet SW1, 29 pins meet SW2, 30 pins meet SW3, 31 pins meet SW4, 32 pins meet GPRS_TXD, 33 pins meet GPRS_RXD, 35 pins meet B530DAT, 36 pins meet GPRS_CTRL, 37 pins meet 1302SCLK, 38 pins connect 1302 work/0, 39 pins meet 1302CE, 40 pins meet work Bl, 41 pins meet work Al, 42 pins meet work B2, 43 pins connect work A2 o MCU-3.3V power supply after resistance R6, a part meets MCU_RST, access one end of electric capacity C7 simultaneously, another part connects one end of switch S l, and the other end of switch S l is connected with the other end of electric capacity C7, the ground connection while of then.
Further, power module comprises 5V power module and 3.3V power module, 5V power module adopts LM2576 as voltage stabilizing reducing transformer, connected mode: a 1 pin part of chip Ul is connected to high level VCC_12V, electric capacity Cl is in parallel with electric capacity C2 simultaneously, its positive terminal is connected to 1 pin of chip Ul, its negative pole end is connected to 3 pins of chip Ul, simultaneously and ground connection, 5 pins of chip Ul are connected to 5V CTRL, 2 pin parts of chip Ul connect inductance work 1, a part connects the output terminal of diode Dl simultaneously, the input end of diode Dl is connected to the negative pole end of electric capacity C3, the other end of inductance work 1 is connected to the positive terminal of electric capacity C3, simultaneously, electric capacity C3 is in parallel with electric capacity C4, one end in parallel connects SYS5V, the other end is direct ground connection then.
Further, 3.3V power module adopts AMS1117-3.3 as voltage stabilizing reducing transformer, provides 3.3V stabilized voltage supply; Connected mode: the 1 pin ground connection of chip U4,2 pins be connected to electric capacity C9 in parallel and electric capacity C10 between ground, be connected to electric capacity C8 between 3 pins and ground, simultaneously 3 pins receive SYS_5V power supply, and 2 pins receive MCU_3.3V power supply.
Further, display module adopts LCD12864 liquid crystal display, connected mode: the 1 pin ground connection of display J1o, 2 pins, 3 pins connect SYS_5V power supply, 4 pins meet LCD_RS, 5 pins meet LCD_RW, and 6 pins meet LCD_E, and 7 pins meet LCD 1,8 pins meet LCD_Al, 9 pins meet LCD 1, and 10 pins meet LCD 1, and 11 pins meet LCD 1,12 pins meet LCD 1,13 pins meet LCD_A6, and 14 draw tripe mouth meets LCD A7, and 15 pins, 16 pins, 17 pins, 28 pins are connected to SYS-5V successively, 19 pins are connected to LCD_5V, 20 pin ground connection.
Further, control circuit module utilizes 5V relay to control CO
2the 12V power supply of sensor, connected mode: 8530_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q3 by resistance R17, the grounded emitter of triode Q3, a collector part of triode Q3 receives the base stage of triode Q1 by resistance R15, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil Kl by resistance R13, the grounded emitter of triode Ql, the collector of triode Ql is connected to 5 ports of coil K1, simultaneously coil K1 4, diode D4 is connected between 5 ports, in like manner, GPRS_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q4 by resistance R18, the grounded emitter of triode Q4, a collector part of triode Q4 receives the base stage of triode Q2 by resistance R16, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K2 by resistance R14, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 is connected to 5 ports of coil K2, simultaneously coil K2 4, diode D5 is connected between 5 ports.
Further, humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module adopt DHT11 Temperature Humidity Sensor to be used for the temperature and humidity of measurement environment, connected mode: the direct ground connection of 4 pin of chip U7,2 pins receive GPRS_VCC by resistance R9, and 1 pin directly receives GPRS_VCCo
Further, real-time clock module adopts DS1302 clock chip read the time in real time and show on liquid crystal, connected mode: 1 pin of chip U6 is by direct supply BT1 ground connection, crystal oscillator X3 is connected between 2 pins and 3 pins, 5 pins meet 1302CE, and 6 pins connect 1302 work/0, and 7 pins meet 1302SCLK, 8 pin parts connect MCU_3.3V power supply, and another part is through electric capacity C11 ground connection.
Further, interface module comprises motor interface, power interface, GPRS module interface, air pump interface, carbon dioxide interface, atmospheric pressure module interface, wind speed turn to interface, connected mode: 1 pin of motor interface J1 meets OA1, and 2 pins meet OB 1; 1 pin of power interface J2 meets work N_12V, 2 pin ground connection; The 1 pin ground connection of GPRS module interface J3,2 pins meet GPRS_TXD, and 3 pins meet GPRS_RXD, and 4 pins meet GPRS_VCC; 1 pin of air pump interface J4 meets OA2, and 2 pins meet OB2; 1 pin of carbon dioxide interface J5 meets 530_VCC, and 2 pins meet 530DAT, 3 pin ground connection; 6 pins of atmospheric pressure module interface J6 connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 7 pin ground connection; Wind speed turns to 1 pin of interface J7 by diode D3 ground connection, and 2 pins are by diode D2 ground connection; 1 pin, 2 pins of power interface Pl connect VCC_12V power supply, and 3 pins, 4 pins connect work and compare 12V0
Further, the connected mode of simulating signal module: MA work N 12V power supply is successively through resistance R10, R11, R12 ground connection, resistance R12 is parallel with electric capacity C16 simultaneously, MCU_3.3V power supply is through electric capacity C17 ground connection, and MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C12 and the C13 of parallel connection, and MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C14 and the C15 of parallel connection.
Further, the connected mode of JTAG debug port module: 1 pin of chip J9 meets 430_TD0, and 3 pins connect 430_TD work, and 5 pins meet 430_TMS, and 7 pins meet 430_TCK, and 2 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 9 pin ground connection, 11 pins meet MCU_RST.
Further, the expansion part of data memory module can add AT24C512 storage chip to store data, connected mode: 1 pin of chip U9,2 pins, 3 pins, 4 pins connected then ground connection successively, 5 pins meet 512_SDA, 6 pins meet 512_SCL, 7 pins meet 512WP, and 8 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply.
Intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system provided by the invention, converge with carbon emission quantification Real-Time Monitoring for target with carbon, the carbon proposed based on Sensor Network technology converges, carbon emission monitoring system, i.e. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitor, real-time by wireless sensor network, synchronously, the advantage of large-scale acquisition data, realize the multiple spot to the CO2 concentration in air and other environmental datas, continuously, Simultaneous Monitoring, with Atmospheric processes inversion theory for foundation, build the concentration of carbon variation model of various dimensions, the measurement to region Carbon budget amount is realized in conjunction with ecosystem Carbon budget mechanism assessment models, the time-space variation of city Carbon budget is studied further based on space-time dynamic concentration of carbon variation model, in conjunction with forest ecology succession and the developing of mechanism process model new be that the Forestry Carbon Mitigation measuring and calculating that drives is theoretical with dynamic environment data, in addition, the present invention is simple to operate, reliability and stability are strong, there is good using value, and in order to economize energy adopts solar panel to be charge in batteries, as system power supply after mu balanced circuit voltage stabilizing, more meet the standard of environmental protection low-carbon emission.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the simulating signal modular structure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the 5V power module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the 3.3V power module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display device module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the relay control module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 7 is that the intelligent wireless carbon that provides of the embodiment of the present invention converges the humiture of monitoring system and the circuit diagram of carbon dioxide sensor module;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the real time clock circuit module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the interface module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of the simulating signal module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of the JTAG debug port module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of the data memory module of the intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.Simulating signal module, comprises the circuit of each simulating signal, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module.
This intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system comprises: MCU minimum systematic module, power module, power module comprises solar panel, accumulator, mu balanced circuit, humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module, real-time clock module, JTAG debug port module, data memory module, interface module, display module, control circuit module, simulating signal module; As shown in Figure 2, simulating signal module comprises long-range control host machine system, comprising the total memory module of data, display, peripheral hardware fault alarm module, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular.
MCU minimum systematic module, as the major control module of this system.
Embodiments provide a kind of intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system, this intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system comprises:
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitor.This module comprises sensor assembly, real-time clock module, JTAG debug port module, MCU minimum systematic module, data memory module, interface module, display module, button, control circuit module, simulating signal module ten modules such as power module (solar panel, accumulator, mu balanced circuit), humiture and carbon dioxide.
Power module, mainly provides power supply, comprises 5V power supply and 3.3V power supply, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
The sensor assembly such as humiture and carbon dioxide, for temperature, the humidity and C02 concentration etc. of measurement environment, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
Real-time clock module, the main reading time in real time also shows on liquid crystal, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
JTAG debug port module, is mainly used in downloading debugging end, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
Data memory module, is mainly used to store data, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
Interface module, provides various interface, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
Display module, is mainly used in liquid crystal display, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
Control circuit module, mainly controls other subsystem work state (reducing the object of control system power consumption) according to designing requirement, is connected to MCU minimum systematic module;
The circuit of MCU minimum systematic module.MCU minimum systematic module is the main control part of this product.The connected mode of MCU minimum systematic module: 1 pin of chip U2, 7 pins, 64 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply respectively, 3 pins meet 512WP, 4 pins meet 512SCL, 6 pins meet DHT11, 11 pins, 62 pins meet AGND, 12 pins meet FY TXD, 13 pins meet FY CLK, 13 pins meet FY RXD, 15 pins meet B530CTRL, 17 pins meet LCD_RS, 18 pins meet LCD_RW, 19 pins meet LCD_E, 20 pins meet LCD 1, 21 pins meet LCD 1, 22 pins meet LCD 1, 23 pins meet LCD 1, 24 pins meet LCD 1, 25 pins meet LCD 1, 26 pins meet LCD 1, 27 pins meet LCD 1, 28 pins meet SW1, 29 pins meet SW2, 30 pins meet SW3, 31 pins meet SW4, 32 pins meet GPRS_TXD, 33 pins meet GPRS_RXD, 35 pins meet B530DAT, 36 pins meet GPRS_CTRL, 37 pins meet 1302SCLK, 38 pins connect 1302 work/0, 39 pins meet 1302CE, 40 pins meet work Bl, 41 pins meet work A1, 42 pins meet work B2, 43 pins connect work A2 o MCU_3.3V power supply after resistance R6, a part meets MCU_RST, access one end of electric capacity C7 simultaneously, another part connects one end of switch S l, and the other end of switch S l is connected with the other end of electric capacity C7, the ground connection while of then.
Fig. 3 is 5V power module circuitry figure.This module adopts LM2576 as voltage stabilizing reducing transformer, provides 5V stabilized voltage supply.The connected mode of 5V power module: a 1 pin part of chip Ul is connected to high level VCC12V, electric capacity Cl is in parallel with electric capacity C2 simultaneously, its positive terminal is connected to 1 pin of chip U1, its negative pole end is connected to 3 pins of chip Ul, simultaneously and ground connection, 5 pins of chip U1 are connected to 5V CTRL, 2 pin parts of chip U1 connect inductance work 1, a part connects the output terminal of diode D1 simultaneously, the input end of diode Dl is connected to the negative pole end of electric capacity C3, the other end of inductance Il is connected to the positive terminal of electric capacity C3, simultaneously, electric capacity C3 is in parallel with electric capacity C4, one end in parallel connects SYS5V, the other end is direct ground connection then.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of 3.3V power module.This module adopts AMS1117-3.3 as voltage stabilizing reducing transformer, provides 3.3V stabilized voltage supply.The connected mode of the circuit diagram of 3.3V power module: the 1 pin ground connection of chip U4,2 pins be connected to electric capacity C9 in parallel and electric capacity C10 between ground, be connected to electric capacity C8 between 3 pins and ground, simultaneously 3 pins receive SYS_5V power supply, and 2 pins receive MCU_3.3V power supply;
Fig. 5 is display module circuit diagram.This module adopts LCD12864 liquid crystal display.The connected mode of 27 liquid crystal display device modules: the 1 pin ground connection of display J1o, 2 pins, 3 pins connect SYS_5V power supply, 4 pins meet LCD_RS, 5 pins meet LCD_RW, and 6 pins meet LCD_E, and 7 pins meet LCD 1,8 pins meet LCD 1,9 pins meet LCD 1, and 10 pins meet LCD 1, and 11 pins meet LCD 1,12 pins meet LCD 1,13 pins meet LCD 1, and 14 pins meet LCD 1, and 15 pins, 16 pins, 17 pins, 28 pins are connected to SYS_5V successively, 19 pins are connected to LCD_5V, 20 pin ground connection.
Fig. 6 is control circuit module circuit diagram.This circuit utilizes 5V relay to control CO: the 12V power supply of sensor, the 5V power supply of GPRS wireless module, can cut-off the power supply of control CO2 sensor and GPRS wireless module.So just, can low-power consumption be accomplished, control cut-offfing of power supply at any time.The connected mode of 47 control relay circuit figure: B530_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q3 by resistance R17, the grounded emitter of triode Q3, a collector part of triode Q3 receives the base stage of triode Ql by resistance R15, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K1 by resistance R13, the grounded emitter of triode Ql, the collector of triode Ql is connected to 5 ports of coil Kl, simultaneously coil Kl 4, diode D4 is connected between 5 ports, in like manner, GPRSCTRL receives the base stage of triode Q4 by resistance R18, the grounded emitter of triode Q4, a collector part of triode Q4 receives the base stage of triode Q2 by resistance R16, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K2 by resistance R14, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 is connected to 5 ports of coil K2, simultaneously coil K2 4, diode D5 is connected between 5 ports,
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module.DHT11 Temperature Humidity Sensor is used for the temperature and humidity of measurement environment.The connected mode of humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module: the direct ground connection of 4 pin of chip U7,2 pins receive GPRS_VCC by resistance R9, and l pin directly receives GPRS_VCC.
Fig. 8 is real-time clock module circuit diagram.DS1302 clock chip reads the time in real time and shows on liquid crystal.The connected mode of real time clock circuit module: 1 pin of chip U6 is by direct supply BTl ground connection, crystal oscillator X3 is connected between 2 pins and 3 pins, 5 pins meet 1302CE, 6 pins connect 1302 work/0,7 pins meet 1302SCLK, 8 pin parts connect MCU_3.3V power supply, and another part is through electric capacity C11 ground connection;
Fig. 9 is interface module circuit figure.Comprise motor interface, power interface, GPRS module interface, air pump interface, carbon dioxide interface, atmospheric pressure module interface, wind speed turn to interface.The connected mode of interface module circuit figure: 1 pin of motor interface J1 meets OA1, and 2 pins meet OBl; 1 pin of power interface J2 meets work N_12V, 2 pin ground connection; The 1 pin ground connection of GPRS module interface J3,2 pins meet GPRS_TXD, and 3 pins meet GPRS_RXD, and 4 pins meet GPRS_VCC; 1 pin of air pump interface J4 meets OA2, and 2 pins meet OB2; 1 pin of carbon dioxide interface J5 meets 530_VCC, and 2 pins meet 530_DAT, 3 pin ground connection; 6 pins of atmospheric pressure module interface J6 connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 7 pin ground connection; Wind speed turns to 1 pin of interface J7 by diode D3 ground connection, and 2 pins are by diode D2 ground connection; 1 pin, 2 pins of power interface Pl connect VCC_12V power supply, and 3 pins, 4 pins meet work N_12V.
Figure 10 is simulating signal module circuit diagram.This module comprises the circuit of each simulating signal, as filtering etc.The connected mode of simulating signal module: MA work N 12V power supply is successively through resistance R10, R11, R12 ground connection, resistance R12 is parallel with electric capacity C16 simultaneously, MCU_3.3V power supply is through electric capacity C17 ground connection, MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C12 and the C13 of parallel connection, and MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C14 and the C15 of parallel connection;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of JTAG debug port module.This module downloads debugging end by JTAG.The connected mode of JTAG debug port module: 1 pin of chip J9 meets 430_TD0, and 3 pins connect 430_TD work, and 5 pins meet 430_TMS, and 7 pins meet 430_TCK, and 2 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 9 pin ground connection, 11 pins meet MCU_RST.
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of data memory module.For expansion part, AT24C512 storage chip can be added to store data.The connected mode of data memory module: 1 pin of chip U9,2 pins, 3 pins, 4 pins connected then ground connection successively, 5 pins meet 512_SDA, and 6 pins meet 512_SCL, and 7 pins meet 512 1 P, and 8 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, intelligent wireless carbon converges monitoring system and is divided into: the design of node stage that design surface designs to the wireless sensing net node of concentration of carbon; Wireless sensor node, the layouting and the data management stage of point is disposed for concentration of carbon monitoring; The carbon built under various dimensions space-time converges and the carbon of carbon emission appraising model converges the carbon emission computation model design phase; In representative region, set up and build the stage based on the carbon remittance of self-organization Sensor Network and the verification platform of carbon emission checking Demonstration Application platform.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, embodiment of the present invention intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system is described in further detail.
MCU minimum systematic module 1: 1 pin of chip U2,7 pins, 62 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply respectively, and 3 pins meet 512WP, and 4 pins meet 512SCL, 6 pins meet DHT11,11 pins meet AGND, and 12 pins meet FY TXD, and 13 pins meet FY CLK, 13 pins meet FY RXD, 15 pins meet B530CTRL, and 17 pins meet LCD_RS, and 18 pins meet LCD_RW, 19 pins meet LCD_E, and 20 pins meet LCD mono-., 21 pins meet LCD 1, 22 pins meet LCD 1, 23 pins meet LCD 1, 24 pins meet LCD 1, 25 pins meet LCD 1, 26 pins meet LCD 1, 27 pins meet LCD 1, 28 pins meet SW1, 29 pins meet SW2, 30 pins meet SW3, 31 pins meet SW4, 32 pins meet GPRS_TXD, 33 pins meet GPRS_RXD, 35 pins meet B530DAT, 36 pins meet GPRS_CTRL, 37 pins meet 1302SCLK, 38 pins connect 1302 work/0, 39 pins meet 1302CE, 40 pins meet work Bl, 41 pins meet work Al, 42 pins meet work B2, 43 pins connect work A2 o MCU_3.3V power supply after resistance R6, a part meets MCU_RST, access one end of electric capacity C7 simultaneously, another part connects one end of switch S l, and the other end of switch S l is connected with the other end of electric capacity C7, the ground connection while of then,
3.3V power module, the 1 pin ground connection of chip U4,2 pins be connected to electric capacity C9 in parallel and electric capacity C10 between ground, be connected to electric capacity C8 between 3 pins and ground, simultaneously 3 pins receive SYS_5V power supply, and 2 pins receive MCU_3.3V power supply;
JTAG debug port module, 1 pin of chip J9 meets 430_TD0, and 3 pins connect 430_TD work, and 5 pins meet 430_TMS, and 7 pins meet 430_TCK, and 2 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply, and 9 pin ground connection, 11 pins meet MCU_RST.
Humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module, the direct ground connection of 4 pin of chip U7,2 pins receive GPRS_5V by resistance R9, and 1 pin directly receives GPRS_5V;
Clock chip circuit module, 1 pin of chip U6, by direct supply BT1 ground connection, is connected to crystal oscillator X3 between 2 pins and 3 pins, 5 pins meet 1302CE, and 6 pins connect 1302 work/0, and 7 pins meet 1302SCLK, 8 pin parts connect MCU_3.3V power supply, and another part is through electric capacity C11 ground connection;
Interface module, 1 pin of motor interface J1 meets OA1, and 2 pins meet OBl; 1 pin of power interface J2 meets MA work N 12V, 2 pin ground connection; 1 pin of motor interface J1 meets OA1, and 2 pins meet OBl; 1 pin of power interface J2 meets work N 12V, 2 pin ground connection; The 1 pin ground connection of GPRS module interface J3,2 pins meet GPRS_TXD, and 3 pins meet GPRS_RXD, and 4 pins meet GPRS_VCC; 1 pin of air pump interface J4 meets OA2, and 2 pins meet OB2; 1 pin of carbon dioxide interface J5 meets 530_VCC, and 2 pins meet 530_DAT, 3 pin ground connection; 6 pins of atmospheric pressure module interface J6 connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 7 pin ground connection; Wind speed turns to interface. and 1 pin of fourth 7 is by diode D3 ground connection, and 2 pins are by diode D2 ground connection; 1 pin, 2 pins of power interface Pl connect VCC_12V power supply, and 3 pins, 4 pins meet work N 12V0
Display module, the 1 pin ground connection of display J1o, 2 pins, 3 pins connect SYS_5V power supply, and 4 pins meet LCD_RS, and 5 pins meet LCD_RW, and 6 pins meet LCD_E, and 7 pins meet LCD mono-., 8 pins meet LCD 1, and 9 pins meet LCD_A2, and 10 pins meet LCD 1, and 11 pins meet LCD 1, and 12
Pin meets LCD 1, and 13 pins meet LCD 1, and 14 pins meet LCD 1, and 15 pins, 16 pins, 17 pins, 28 pins are connected to SYS_5V successively, and 19 pins are connected to LCD_5V, 20 pin ground connection.
Control circuit module, 8530_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q3 by resistance R17, the grounded emitter of triode Q3, a collector part of triode Q3 receives the base stage of triode Q1 by resistance R15, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K1 by resistance R13, the grounded emitter of triode Ql, the collector of triode Ql is connected to 5 ports of coil Kl, simultaneously coil Kl 4, diode D4 is connected between 5 ports, in like manner, GPRS_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q4 by resistance R18, the grounded emitter of triode Q4, a collector part of triode Q4 receives the base stage of triode Q2 by resistance R16, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K2 by resistance R14, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 is connected to 5 ports of coil K2, simultaneously coil K2 4, diode D5 is connected between 5 ports,
Long-range control host machine system, comprising the total memory module of data, display, peripheral hardware fault alarm module, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular.
The total memory module of data can store the Monitoring Data of multiple peripheral hardware monitoring system, is available for users to carry out data processing, compare and analyze.Peripheral hardware work monitoring modular can converge the duty of monitoring system by Real-Time Monitoring peripheral hardware carbon, and namely whether peripheral hardware operational data returns, whether rreturn value is normal.Peripheral hardware fault alarm module can be carried out prompting when peripheral hardware system works is abnormal and be reported to the police.Show the data message that it can show each peripheral system under the control of the user.
The present invention designs and is followed successively by the design of node stage, layout and data management stage, carbon remittance carbon emission computation model design phase and verification platform build stage four-stage.
The design of node stage: design surface designs to the wireless sensing net node of concentration of carbon; Layout and the data management stage: dispose wireless sensor node for concentration of carbon monitoring;
Carbon converges the carbon emission computation model design phase: the carbon built under various dimensions space-time converges and carbon emission appraising model; In this flux observation with reflect that the atmospheric retrieval model of large gas carbon contribution degree is directly connected to mechanistic road surface process model in stage, be connected to Carbon budget and carbon emission together by Model Fusion and bring disaster upon and close appraising model.
Verification platform builds the stage: in representative region, and the carbon set up based on self-organization Sensor Network converges and carbon emission checking Demonstration Application platform.
The present invention mainly adopts Sensor Network technology, Carbon flux observation technology to obtain concentration of carbon data, calmodulin binding domain CaM Carbon budget inverse model and ecological process mechanism model, monitored area Carbon budget amount, will introduce foundation and the method for the erection of flux scope below:
Utilize the different accuracy sensor node of development, in conjunction with Different ecosystems feature, the basic erection method of reference flux tower, uses the capable monitoring of thinking construction flux scope that two kinds different.
Chamber technique: set up node more than the canopy in forest and city, for measuring the parameter such as humiture, C02, the pulsation of steam vertical velocity, net radiation in forest and city canopy, utilizes Chamber technique to calculate the Carbon flux in forest, city.Gradient method: the special heterogeneity taking into full account city different blocks in urban area, in conjunction with the actual conditions of underlying surface, on meadow, shrubbery, residential block, lake, the region such as park erection gradient
Observer nodes.Gradient height of sampling is arranged according to underlying surface type, highly arrange with 1-2M for the lower meadow of canopy, water body, shrubbery, Forest Types are more than canopy 3-5M highly to arrange, and point 2-5 layer lays node, every layer of monitor temperature, steam and CO: concentration change, sample frequency 10HZ.Use not peaceful cloth Hough similarity theory difficult to understand as theoretical foundation, calculate Carbon flux, the account form of gradient method following (formula 1): first calculate grandson Richard coefficients R i, then determine initial atmosphere degree of stability } 0 and dimensionless gradient universal function in (second); Computing velocity yardstick u* and temperature scale e}:, U* and e* that calculate is calculated atmospheric stability and universal function in prediction on such basis, until both convergences.Finally substitute into formulae discovery Carbon flux according to friction velocity and universal function:
Wherein Ec is CO
2flux, P is atmospheric density, and u* is wind friction velocity, and x is karman constant, and z is observed altitude, and c is that COz observes concentration, c (}) be universal function.For the underlying surface situation of city complexity, make full use of the advantage of Sensor Network observation, be used for iteration universal function, to improve calculating accuracy for different object of observations design multinode level.Realize the accurate estimation of the global net ecosystem carbon exchange to survey region in this way.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system, is characterized in that, this intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system comprises: MCU minimum systematic module, power module, power module comprises solar panel, accumulator, mu balanced circuit, humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module, real-time clock module, JTAG debug port module, data memory module, interface module, display module, control circuit module, simulating signal module; Simulating signal module comprises long-range control host machine system, comprising the total memory module of data, display, peripheral hardware fault alarm module, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular.
2. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connected mode of MCU minimum systematic module: 1 pin of chip U2, 7 pins, 64 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply respectively, 3 pins meet 512WP, 4 pins meet 512SCL, 6 pins meet DHT11, 11 pins, 62 pins meet AGND, 12 pins meet FY TXD, 13 pins meet FY CLK, 13 pins meet FY RXD, 15 pins meet B530CTRL, 17 pins meet LCD_RS, 18 pins meet LCD_RW, 19 pins meet LCD_E, 20 pins meet LCD A0, 21 pins meet LCD A1, 22 pins meet LCD A2, 23 pins meet LCD A3, 24 pins meet LCD-A4, 25 pins meet LCD few 5, 26 pins connect LCD clump 6, 27 pins connect LCD clump 7, 28 pins meet SW1, 29 pins meet SW2, 30 pins meet SW3, 31 pins meet SW4, 32 pins meet GPRS_TXD, 33 pins meet GPRS_RXD, 35 pins meet B530DAT, 36 pins meet GPRS_CTRL, 37 pins meet 1302SCLK, 38 pins connect 1302 work/0, 39 pins meet 1302CE, 40 pins meet work Bl, 41 pins meet work A1, 42 pins meet work B2, 43 pins meet work A2, MCU 3.3V power supply is after resistance R6, and a part meets MCU_RST, accesses one end of electric capacity C7 simultaneously, another part connects one end of switch S 1, and the other end of switch S l is connected with the other end of electric capacity C7, the ground connection while of then.
3. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, power module comprises 5V power module and 3.3V power module, a pin part is connected to high level VCC 12V, electric capacity Cl is in parallel with electric capacity C2 simultaneously, its positive terminal is connected to 1 pin of chip Ul, its negative pole end is connected to 3 pins of chip U1, simultaneously and ground connection, 5 pins of chip Ul are connected to 5V CTRL, 2 pin parts of chip U1 connect inductance work 1, a part connects the output terminal of diode D1 simultaneously, the input end of diode Dl is connected to the negative pole end of electric capacity C3, the other end of inductance Il is connected to the positive terminal of electric capacity C3, simultaneously, electric capacity C3 is in parallel with electric capacity C4, one end in parallel connects SYSSV, the other end is direct ground connection then, 3.3V power module adopts AMS1117-3.3 as voltage stabilizing reducing transformer, provides 3.3V stabilized voltage supply, connected mode: the 1 pin ground connection of chip U4,2 pins be connected to electric capacity C9 in parallel and electric capacity C10 between ground, be connected to electric capacity C8 between 3 pins and ground, simultaneously 3 pins receive SYS_5V power supply, and 2 pins receive MCU_3.3V power supply.
4. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, display module adopts LCD12864 liquid crystal display, connected mode: the 1 pin ground connection of display J1o, 2 pins, 3 pins connect SYS_5V power supply, 4 pins meet LCD_RS, 5 pins meet LCD_RW, 6 pins meet LCD_E, 7 pins meet LCD 1, 8 pins meet LCD 1, 9 pins meet LCD 1, 10 pins meet LCD 1, 11 pins meet LCD 1, 12 pins meet LCD 1, 13 pins meet LCD 1, 14 pins meet LCD A7, 15 pins, 16 pins, 17 pins, 28 pins are connected to SYS 5V successively, 19 pins are connected to LCD 5V, 20 pin ground connection, display module is furnished with many key-press inputs change data display mode.
5. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, control circuit module utilizes 5V relay to the 12V power supply of control COz sensor, connected mode: 8530_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q3 by resistance R17, the grounded emitter of triode Q3, a collector part of triode Q3 receives the base stage of triode Ql by resistance R15, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil Kl by resistance R13, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, the collector of triode Q1 is connected to 5 ports of coil Kl, simultaneously coil Kl 4, diode D4 is connected between 5 ports, in like manner, GPRS_CTRL receives the base stage of triode Q4 by resistance R18, the grounded emitter of triode Q4, a collector part of triode Q4 receives the base stage of triode Q2 by resistance R16, another part receives 4 ports of SYS_5V and coil K2 by resistance R14, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 is connected to 5 ports of coil K2, simultaneously coil K2 4, diode D5 is connected between 5 ports.
6. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, humiture and carbon dioxide sensor module adopt DHT11 Temperature Humidity Sensor to be used for the temperature and humidity of measurement environment, connected mode: the direct ground connection of 4 pin of chip U7,2 pins receive GPRS_VCC by resistance R9, and l pin directly receives GPRS_VCC.
7. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, real-time clock module adopts DS1302 clock chip read the time in real time and show on liquid crystal, connected mode: 1 pin of chip U6 is by direct supply BTl ground connection, and be connected to crystal oscillator X3 between 2 pins and 3 pins, 5 pins meet 1302CE, 6 pins connect 1302 work/0,7 pins meet 1302SCLK, and 8 pin parts connect MCU_3.3V power supply, and another part is through electric capacity C11 ground connection.
8. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, interface module comprises motor interface, power interface, GPRS module interface, air pump interface, carbon dioxide interface, atmospheric pressure module interface, wind speed turn to interface, connected mode: 1 pin of motor interface J1 meets OA1, and 2 pins meet OBl; 1 pin of power interface J2 meets work N_12V, 2 pin ground connection; The 1 pin ground connection of GPRS module interface J3,2 pins meet GPRS_TXD, and 3 pins meet GPRS_RXD, and 4 pins meet GPRS_VCC; 1 pin of air pump interface J4 meets OA2, and 2 pins meet OB2; 1 pin of carbon dioxide interface J5 meets 530_VCC, and 2 pins meet 530_DAT, 3 pin ground connection; 6 pins of atmospheric pressure module interface J6 connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 7 pin ground connection; Wind speed turns to 1 pin of interface J7 by diode D3 ground connection, and 2 pins are by diode D2 ground connection; 1 pin, 2 pins of power interface Pl connect VCC_12V power supply, and 3 pins, 4 pins connect work and to hurry 12V.
9. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connected mode of simulating signal module: MA work N 12V power supply is successively through resistance R10, R11, R12 ground connection, resistance R12 is parallel with electric capacity C16 simultaneously, and MCU_3.3V power supply is through electric capacity C17 ground connection, MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C12 and the C13 of parallel connection, and MCU_3.3V power supply is ground connection after electric capacity C14 and the C15 of parallel connection.
10. intelligent wireless carbon remittance monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connected mode of JTAG debug port module: 1 pin of chip J9 meets 430_TD0,3 pins connect 430_TD work, 5 pins meet 430_TMS, and 7 pins meet 430_TCK, and 2 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply, 9 pin ground connection, 11 pins meet MCU_RST; The expansion part of data memory module adds AT24C512 storage chip to store data, connected mode: 1 pin of chip U9,2 pins, 3 pins, 4 pins connected then ground connection successively, 5 pins meet 512_SDA, and 6 pins meet 512_SCL, 7 pins meet 512WP, and 8 pins connect MCU_3.3V power supply; Long-range control host machine system, comprising the total memory module of data, display, peripheral hardware fault alarm module, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular; The total memory module of data stores the Monitoring Data of multiple peripheral hardware monitoring system, carry out data processing for user, compare and analyze, peripheral hardware work monitoring modular Real-Time Monitoring peripheral hardware carbon converges the duty of monitoring system, and namely whether peripheral hardware operational data returns, whether rreturn value normal; Peripheral hardware fault alarm module is carried out prompting when peripheral hardware system works is abnormal and is reported to the police; Display shows the data message of each peripheral system under the control of the user.
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