CN102507906A

CN102507906A - WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) forest environmental benefit monitoring system based on wide-range soil carbon flux monitoring system

Info

Publication number: CN102507906A
Application number: CN2011103640063A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莫路锋; 周国模; 吴晓平; 易晓梅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-11-15
Filing date: 2011-11-15
Publication date: 2012-06-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) forest environmental benefit monitoring system based on a wide-range soil carbon flux monitoring system. The WSN forest environmental benefit monitoring system is characterized in that a data receiving/transmitting module is in a monitoring mode and continuously acquires carbon flux, temperature and humidity on a node in a network and data transmitted by a decibel monitoring device after a monitoring server as a background processing system is started up, and meanwhile, an instruction is transmitted to other nodes in the network in a broadcasting way when the background processing system transmits updated data acquiring frequency. The monitoring system provided by the invention can be used for providing massive automatic real-time environmental information acquiring service and has a wide market application prospect.

Description

A kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale

Technical field

The invention belongs to the atmosphere environment supervision technical field, relate to a kind of urban forests environmental benefit monitoring system, especially a kind of under complex environment based on the forest environment benefit monitoring system of wireless sensor network.

Background technology

In the summer of high temperature in the city, pitch is usually wanted high 2～8 degree of temperature in this identical area, rural area with the temperature around the cement pavement.Trees are blocked road, buildings etc., make the ambient air cooling through soil water evaporation, transpiration.Moreover, ambient air humidity is increased.Trees are blocked road, buildings etc. can also reduce city noise, plays at a distance from function of noise.At present general to adopt special instrument is to carry out with the manual method pointwise to the monitoring of forest environment benefit, can not carry out on a large scale, real-time and continuous measurement, and the accuracy of measurement is lower, and scope is less, and is ageing relatively poor.

In addition, in order to solve the climate warming problem, developed country promotes the whole world and has set up a cover right to emit carbon dioxide transaction system, is called for short " carbon transaction " system.It is a kind ofly to distribute the CO2 emission quota to various countries, and renders to quota on the market and to conclude the business, thereby reduces a kind of market-oriented environmental protection system of CO2 emissions.

The development of carbon trade market is very swift and violent.For example, after the Kyoto Protocol was formally effective in 2005, the situation of growth at full speed had appearred in global carbon trade market.2007, global carbon trading volume rose to 2,700,000,000 tons from 1,600,000,000 tons in 2006, rose 68.75%.Carbon transaction transaction value increases very swift and violent.For example, 2007, global carbon dealing money reached 40,000,000,000, and these 22,000,000,000 in 2006 have risen 81.8%.2010, global carbon turnover was above 93,000,000,000.To the year two thousand twenty, global carbon turnover is estimated to reach 3.5 trillion dollars, possibly surpass petroleum industry, becomes global first energy trade market.

The carbon transaction is forced to promote in some countries, with the expansion that greatly promotes the carbon trade market.For example, according to European Union's law, from January, 2012, global aircraft industry is included in European Union's carbon emission mechanism of exchange, and the foreign airline that opens up the European Union course line is all included in this mechanism.For this reason, Chinese CA need pay about 3,400 ten thousand CO2 emissions buying expenses to European Union expectation in 2012.In order to resist inequitable carbon transaction system, the association with Air China is just being fermented by CA, South Airways, the East Airways of China, litigates to European Union jointly.

Carbon transaction has not only become trade barrier, and has developed in the whole world and to be economy, the political issue of core.Developed country thinks that China is manufacturing powerhouse, and China has occupied more than 60% the CDM market share basically, so developed country proposed increasing environmental protection constraint to China, and the national carbon quota of China has been proposed the very requirement of harshness.

In fact, the carbon emission of China is for developed country the consumer goods and industrial goods to be provided to a great extent; And China has very huge carbonaceous subterranean storehouse, and state-owned maximum in the world bamboo grove is very strong to the soil solidification ability of gas carbon in especially.

Although China is the maximum discharging state of industrial gas carbon in the world, China also possibly be that maximum in the world gas carbon vegetation soil solidifies state, possibly have maximum in the world carbonaceous subterranean storehouse.If this carbonaceous subterranean storehouse that consumes gas carbon on a large scale, at a high speed really exists; And having more powerful, the ability of gas carbon consumption faster of vegetation environmental that developed regions such as this North America, West Europe, Japan have, China should have the dominance right of speech in carbon is concluded the business the global quota system so.

At present, the document of publishing, and the soil carbon flux monitoring equipment of public offering, displaying can not satisfy the demand of China's soil carbon flux measurement, can not technical support be provided for the soil carbon flux measurement in China carbonaceous subterranean storehouse.Its major technique defective as:

Existing soil carbon flux monitoring equipment, system, method all can not realize unmanned remote monitoring, and the networking monitoring product of robotization do not occur, can not gather the carbon flux mass data of wide area field environment.Put into practice different with the robotization networking monitoring of the earth such as the hydrology, sleet or atmospheric environment; The monitoring equipment on a large scale of carbon flux need carry out a series of mechanically actuated; Mechanical fault is many; The robotization establishment difficulty of measurement environment is big, and the electricity consumption of equipment amount is big, and the difficulty that its software is innovated and hardware is integrated is very big.Existing equipment can only the unit local measurement, must be by survey crew device for exciting and measuring at the scene, and make a copy of measurement data then and there, realize the long-range keying control of measuring chamber far away.

So far, not have both at home and abroad to occur unmannedly fully to nurse, data wireless is shared, the remote response mechanically actuated, at any time monitor the equipment of itself state, have the carbon flux measurement system that self-electric weight is kept management function.More there is not pertinent literature to deliver.

Existing equipment can only cut out measuring chamber at the scene, and measuring chamber only provides valve for carbon flux measurement equipment, only can realize the atmosphere exchange that measuring chamber is inside and outside.In order to obtain accurate measurement data, need have identical temperature, humidity, the hydrology, atmospheric environment inside and outside the measuring chamber.This globality that just needs to realize measuring chamber opens and closes, and be not only valve is set.Realize that the remote electricity control system that this globality opens and closes does not appear in carbon flux checkout equipment and the wireless sensor network equipment.

The soil carbon flux data acquisition mode of existing equipment is very single, the data of obtaining can not be for wide area, regularly, sampling analysis provides data to support, and more can not realize intellectuality, diversified data acquisition operation.

And the price that existing equipment is every is up to hundreds thousand of yuans, the intelligence that can not satisfy large number quipments on the expense the demand of arranging net.The power consumption of existing equipment is big, and the self-holding cycle of equipment is too short, more can not obtain sun power, can't realize that the intellectuality of large number quipments is arranged net.

In a word; Soil carbon flux monitoring system, method, network that existing equipment is used all need be reformed on a large scale; Thereby for setting up new soil carbon flux monitoring mechanism basic hardware, software engineering are provided, for the soil carbon flux measurement in China carbonaceous subterranean storehouse provides technical support.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art; A kind of forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is provided; This system is through the multi-hop mechanism of wireless sensor network; Carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel to complex environment and place carry out unified monitoring; Not only can improve the accuracy that carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel are measured, and can overcome the problem that carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel are in real time, the precise monitoring difficulty is big on a large scale, make it can be applicable to all kinds of forest environment benefit monitoring system complex environments.

Content of the present invention is: design a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; It is characterized in that; After a monitor server as background processing system starts; Its data transmit-receive module is in listen mode, constantly collects the data of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the passback of decibel monitoring device on each network node; The data of said passback comprise Measuring Time, location information; And the carbon flux of this identical time and same place, temperature, humidity and decibel data; The data of said passback are imported a database automatically; Automatically import analytical model with the data of other network node passbacks, carry out the related convergence analysis of data; Said database is connected to a personal-machine interface, is used for upgrading and importing said analytical model; Simultaneously, when the background processing system transmission Updates Information frequency acquisition, send these instructions with broadcast mode other nodes in network; After the carbon flux on the node, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device power up; Constantly broadcast self available message; After carbon flux on other nodes, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device receive this message, this node is added in its neighbor list; Simultaneously, according to its routing table of default routing protocol update; Carbon flux sensor module, temperature sensor module, humidity sensor module and decibel sensor module section basis in the node in carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the decibel monitoring device monitoring device be constantly corresponding carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the decibel data message of collecting in the environment of SF of default setting separately; Through the processing of microprocessor, data are sent to the next-hop node in the routing table through radio frequency transceiving module;

Receive the data message of other nodes transmissions when a certain node after,, these data are sent to the next-hop node of appointment in the routing table according to self routing table information;

Behind the radio receiving transmitting module of data transmission to background processing system, the microprocessor of background processing system transfers to the backstage service routine with data through USB interface.The backstage service routine carries out data analysis, handles and storage.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale is characterized in that said carbon flux monitoring device comprises main control circuit, CO ₂Measurement module, display screen, TeleosB2, optoelectronic switch induction module also comprise at least one CO ₂Measuring chamber, at least one is provided with the top cover of display device, and at least one is positioned at the solar panel of top cover top; Said main control circuit comprises mu balanced circuit, CO ₂Sensor drive driving circuit, optoelectronic switch driving circuit, motor-drive circuit, data transmission circuit, electric source monitoring circuit, power indicating circuit; Said CO ₂The keying of measuring chamber is by Electric Machine Control, get into measure before, provide signal control motor just to change by ADC6 or the ADC7 port of TeleosB2, close measuring chamber; After measurement finishes, the signal control motor counter-rotating is provided, opens measuring chamber by ADC6 or ADC7 port.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; It is characterized in that: said monitor server is connected with a plurality of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring devices that are in diverse location in the atmospheric environment through wireless mode, and said carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device comprise power module, microprocessor and the carbon flux sensor that is connected with this microprocessor, humidity detection sensor, temperature monitoring sensor, decibel monitoring sensor, radio frequency transceiving module; Said power module also provides electric energy for whole temperature, humidity and a decibel monitoring device through solar recharging; Said a plurality of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device interconnect and communication through radio frequency transceiving module separately; Described carbon flux monitoring sensor can be monitored the carbon of soil and breathed; Described humidity detection sensor can be monitored atmospheric humidity; Described temperature monitoring sensor can the monitoring of environmental temperature; The decibel of described decibel monitoring sensor in can monitoring of environmental.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale, said monitor server is PC, the signal transmitting and receiving interface of this PC is connected with wireless signal transceiver.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale, said microprocessor is msp430.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale, said radio frequency transceiving module is based on the ZigBee wireless lan communication lsi of radio frequency chip CC2420.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said temperature sensor module is made up of temperature signal collection module, processes temperature signal modular converter, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said temperature signal collection module is connected with the signal input part of processes temperature signal modular converter; The signal output part of processes temperature signal modular converter is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole temperature sensor module.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said humidity sensor module is made up of moisture signal acquisition module, moisture signal treatment conversion module, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said moisture signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of moisture signal treatment conversion module; The signal output part of moisture signal treatment conversion module is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole humidity sensor module.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said decibel sensor module is made up of decibel signal acquisition module, decibel signal Processing modular converter, analog-to-digital conversion module and signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of said decibel signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of decibel signal Processing modular converter; The signal output part of decibel signal Processing modular converter is connected with the signal input part of D/A converter module; The signal output part of analog-to-digital conversion module is connected to the input end of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the output terminal of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole decibel sensor module.

Described a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said power module power module is made up of solar recharging module, mu balanced circuit, control circuit and accumulator; Described solar recharging module is accepted illumination and charging; The output terminal of solar recharging module is connected to the input end of mu balanced circuit; The output terminal of mu balanced circuit is connected to the input end of control circuit, and the output terminal of control circuit is connected to the input end of accumulator, and the output terminal of accumulator is connected on temperature sensor module, humidity sensor module, decibel sensor module and the radio frequency transceiving module so that electric energy to be provided.

Particularly, the objective of the invention is to solve through following technical scheme:

Develop a kind of forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network; Comprise monitor server; It is characterized in that: said monitor server is connected with a plurality of temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring devices that are in diverse location in the atmospheric environment through wireless mode, and said temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device comprise power module, microprocessor and the humidity sensor module that is connected with this microprocessor, temperature sensor module, decibel sensor module and radio frequency transceiving module; Said power module also provides electric energy for whole temperature, humidity and a decibel monitoring device through solar recharging; Said a plurality of temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device interconnect and communication through radio frequency transceiving module separately; Described humidity sensor module can be monitored atmospheric humidity; Described temperature sensor module can the monitoring of environmental temperature; The decibel of described decibel sensor module in can monitoring of environmental.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that: said monitor server is PC, the signal transmitting and receiving interface of this PC is connected with wireless signal transceiver.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that: said microprocessor is msp430.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that: said radio frequency transceiving module is based on the ZigBee wireless lan communication lsi of radio frequency chip CC2420.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network; It is characterized in that: said temperature sensor module is made up of temperature signal collection module, processes temperature signal modular converter, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said temperature signal collection module is connected with the signal input part of processes temperature signal modular converter; The signal output part of processes temperature signal modular converter is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor as the signal output part of whole temperature sensor module.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network; It is characterized in that: said humidity sensor module is made up of moisture signal acquisition module, moisture signal treatment conversion module, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said moisture signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of moisture signal treatment conversion module; The signal output part of moisture signal treatment conversion module is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor as the signal output part of whole humidity sensor module.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network; It is characterized in that: said decibel sensor module is made up of decibel signal acquisition module, decibel signal Processing modular converter, analog-to-digital conversion module and signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of said decibel signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of decibel signal Processing modular converter; The signal output part of decibel signal Processing modular converter is connected with the signal input part of D/A converter module; The signal output part of analog-to-digital conversion module is connected to the input end of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the output terminal of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor as the signal output part of whole decibel sensor module.

Described forest environment benefit monitoring system based on wireless sensor network; It is characterized in that: said power module power module is made up of solar recharging module, mu balanced circuit, control circuit and accumulator; Described solar recharging module is accepted illumination and charging; The output terminal of solar recharging module is connected to the input end of mu balanced circuit; The output terminal of mu balanced circuit is connected to the input end of control circuit, and the output terminal of control circuit is connected to the input end of accumulator, and the output terminal of accumulator is connected on temperature sensor module, humidity sensor module, decibel sensor module and the radio frequency transceiving module so that electric energy to be provided.

In addition, said monitor server is connected with a plurality of carbon flux monitoring device, equipment or modules near soil surface through wireless mode, comprises at least one CO ₂Measuring chamber, the main body of said measuring chamber is a cylindrical shape, comprises the ventilating opening that at least one can be opened, close.Said equipment is controlled said CO with a motor-drive circuit ₂The opening, close of measuring chamber ventilating opening.

Said ventilating opening is preferred more than 2, and horizontal direction is perhaps near the horizontal direction setting.

But said ventilating opening also integral arrangement is vertically arranged, perhaps arranges near vertical.In this case, said motor-drive circuit is used to control CO ₂The integral body of measuring chamber is opened and is closed; The whole opening operation of said measuring chamber is used to said measuring chamber and provides and the outer identical temperature of measuring chamber, humidity, the hydrology, atmospheric environment.Said CO ₂The whole unfolding mode of measuring chamber comprises that one-sided parallel-moving type launches, the both sides parallel-moving type launches, open-close type is opened, turn-up is opened, flip-shell is opened.Said one-sided parallel-moving type launches to comprise that the part integrity of measuring chamber top opens to a sidesway, and said ventilating opening is manifested in vertical direction or subvertical direction, makes rainwater can vertically fall into the inner soil of measuring chamber; The both sides parallel-moving types launch to comprise the parts of measuring chamber top be divided at least 2 parts separately globality remove to different direction parallel-moving types; Open-close type is opened the parts that comprise the measuring chamber top and is divided into the expansion of at least 2 part open-close types, and said ventilating opening is manifested in vertical direction or subvertical direction, makes rainwater can vertically fall into the inner soil of measuring chamber; Turn-up is opened the parts that comprise the measuring chamber top and is opened laterally, and said ventilating opening is manifested in vertical direction or subvertical direction, makes rainwater can vertically fall into the inner soil of measuring chamber; Flip-shell is opened the parts that comprise the measuring chamber top and is opened as lid, and said ventilating opening is manifested in vertical direction or subvertical direction, makes rainwater can vertically fall into the inner soil of measuring chamber.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that, said measuring chamber comprises one by measuring chamber pedestal, the fixing space that surrounds of middle cover and slide lid, after said slide lid is opened, the ventilating opening of 2 above horizontal arrangement occurs.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that, there is at least one solar charging panel said measuring chamber top.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that, there is at least one top cover said measuring chamber top.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that said measuring chamber inside is deployed with spring, packing ring, slide lid, circuit board support; Said spring is used for airtight said measuring chamber, when slide lid moves down up to tightly touching packing ring before measuring startup; Stop to move, measuring chamber is closed, and in whole measuring process; Spring is in compressive state, the acting force that spring makes progress to packing ring, the sealing of raising measuring chamber.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that, said slide lid is implemented to open and close through at least one screw mandrel and pickup groove, and moving up and down through said screw mandrel of slide lid realizes; Leading screw is that gyration is converted into rectilinear motion, or rectilinear motion is converted into a kind of drive mechanism of gyration; Said slide lid and fixedly middle cover use the pickup groove relative fixed; Both can't carry out relative circular motion, change gyration into rectilinear motion through screw mandrel: the drives motor rotates, the driven by motor screw mandrel; Screw mandrel makes slide lid move up and down, and accomplishes the keying of said measuring chamber.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment is characterized in that said equipment also comprises at least one display module, and said display module comprises at least one liquid crystal, LED or OLED display module.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale equipment; It is characterized in that; Said equipment also comprises at least one Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, and said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module is integrated in sensing element and signal processing circuit on the micro-circuit board.

Use a kind of flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale system of said monitoring equipment, it is characterized in that said system comprises at least 2 said monitoring equipments, said equipment connects through wireless sensor network; Said wireless sensor network and Internet connection.

Particularly, the flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale of the present invention system comprises hardware system and software systems; Wherein hardware system comprises circuit devcie, mechanical devices two parts.

The circuit devcie of the flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale hardware system of the present invention comprises wireless sensor network AM access module, CO ₂Sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module, specific as follows:

1, wireless sensor network AM access module.Said circuit devcie comprises at least one wireless sensor network AM access module (like the TelosB module), CO ₂Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module; Also can comprise display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module.

Said wireless sensor network AM access module comprises micro-control unit, wireless transceiver, and USB converter, low energy consumption managing electric quantity device are formed.Said wireless sensor network AM access module and CO ₂The tester that sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module are formed is equivalent to a node in the wireless network, and it has perception CO ₂Concentration, humiture, process information, the ability of communication.Said node has light weight, volume is little, cost is low characteristics; Because it is to work under the lowered in field environment, low energy consumption also is one of most important character.Said node inserts the internet through wireless sensor network, and data are sent on user's computer, notebook computer, panel computer, intelligent equipment for surfing the net or the mobile phone.Like this, the user can face the residing environment of node by body, just can obtain some useful informations in this environment.

2, CO ₂The sensor measurement module.Said circuit devcie comprises at least one CO ₂The sensor measurement module.Said CO ₂The sensor measurement module comprises at least one infrared carbon dioxide sensor, and it reserves contact pin easy to plug, makes things convenient for the user to be connected use with other equipment; And, said CO ₂The output interface of sensor measurement module is various, is easy to data transmission and reads, and is fit to multiple occasion installation and removal.

3, display module.Said circuit devcie can comprise a display module.Said display module comprises at least one liquid crystal, LED or OLED display module.Its display mode comprises cursor demonstration, picture displacement, self-defining character, sleep pattern etc.

4, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module.Said circuit devcie can comprise a Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module.Said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module is integrated in sensing element and signal processing circuit on the micro-circuit board, the digital signal that output is demarcated fully; Said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module also comprises a capacitive character condensate hygrometric sensitive element, a temperature element of processing with gap material, and on same chip, realizes seamless link with 14 A/D converter and serial interface circuit.

Each sensor chip is all demarcated in very accurate humidity chamber, and calibration factor is stored in the OTP internal memory with program form, is used for inner signal calibration.

The serial line interface of two-wire system and inner voltage adjustment make integrated the becoming fast of peripheral system and simple.Its default resolution is 14bit (temperature) and 12bit (humidity), but under or the application that power consumption is extremely low high at the ask for something measuring speed, resolution can be reduced to 12it (temperature) and 8it (humidity).This can guarantee to realize the low-power consumption target that designs: under dormant state, power consumption only 2uW, electric current is 0.3uA (being 1.5uA to the maximum); Power consumption is 3mW under the measurement state, and electric current is 0.55mA (being 1mA to the maximum); Said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module relative humidity measurement precision representative value is ± 2%RH that the temperature measurement accuracy representative value is ± 0.3 ℃.

5, main control circuit.Said circuit devcie comprises at least one main control circuit.Said main control circuit comprises mu balanced circuit, CO ₂Sensor drive driving circuit, motor-drive circuit, data transmission circuit (pressure regulation), electric source monitoring circuit, power indicating circuit etc. specifically comprise:

I) said mu balanced circuit is that the input voltage range of the voltage stabilizer of little power consumption is 4.5V～24V; Provide fixed voltage output and the adjustable voltage of 3.3V or 5V to export (1.25V～～V _IN).

II) said CO ₂Sensor drive driving circuit utilizes the switching function of triode, carries out CO at needs ₂During measurement, produce control signal, output 12V WV produces enough big drive current with two triode parallel connections and drives CO ₂Working sensor.

III) said circuit for controlling motor is used to control CO ₂The opening and closing of measuring chamber; The work of said motor before implementing to measure, provides high level control motor just to change by the control of H bridge circuit, closes measuring chamber; After measurement finishes, the counter-rotating of high level control motor is provided, opens measuring chamber; Can accomplish CO one time ₂The measurement of concentration.

When said motor rotates; The size of electric current is relevant with the suffered resistance of motor; When said motor-driven slide lid (the mechanical devices module that specifically sees below) when moving down, the electric current that flows through motor can change, when slide lid is run into O-ring seal (the mechanical devices module that specifically sees below); Motor movement meets obstructions, and electric current strengthens; Continue to provide high level, motor works on, and electric current will continue to increase, and CO ₂The sealing of measuring chamber will be become better and better; The present invention sets electric current and increases to certain when big or small, and the sealing of measuring chamber reaches CO ₂The concentration determination demand; At this moment, motor quits work, and begins under the closed environment soil CO ₂The measurement of concentration, the sealing sampled measurements time of systemic presupposition certain hour, the present invention is preferably 2-4 minute, is preferably 3 minutes again.

After sealing was measured and accomplished, in the time of need opening measuring chamber, said motor need reverse; Do not meet with obstruction in the motor Umklapp process,, do not have too great fluctuation process so its electric current keeps within the specific limits.As for the counter-rotating that when stops motor? The present invention sets the electrical inversion time of certain hour, and this time, said motor stopped counter-rotating when expiring, and said reversing time is preferably 3-20 second, is preferably 5-10 second again; Before said counter-rotating stopped, slide lid was removed, and recovered the ventilated environment of measuring chamber.

IV) said data transmission circuit is used for CO ₂Sensor acquisition to data send wireless sensor network AM access module to, handle and transmit by the latter.

V) said supply voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor supply voltage.

He) said power indicating circuit is used to indicate power supply.

Said main control circuit also comprises or is connected to solar charging circuit, measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit, displacement transducer control circuit etc.

VII) said solar charging circuit is used to start the solar recharging module.

VIII) said measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit is used for the equipment alarm of hardware device of the present invention.Before measuring startup, said equipment will carry out the sealing action of measuring chamber; If seal not in placely, said warning circuit starts alarm operation, comprises the startup hummer, perhaps sends the remote failure signal.

IX) said displacement transducer control circuit is used to utilize the displacement of displacement transducer control slide lid.The present invention adopts linear displacement transducer to realize this function.

Mechanical devices of the present invention comprises solar charging panel, top cover, fixedly middle cover, measuring chamber pedestal etc.

Wherein, measuring chamber comprises measuring chamber pedestal, the fixing space that surrounds of middle cover and slide lid, and slide lid ventilating opening occurs after opening; Measuring chamber pedestal internal diameter is 5-40cm, is preferably 10-30cm, is preferably 20cm again.

The inner visible spring of measuring chamber, packing ring, slide lid, circuit board support etc.Said spring major function is: before the measurement, close measuring chamber, when slide lid moves down up to tightly touching packing ring; Stop to move, measuring chamber is closed, and in whole test process; Spring is in compressive state, and the acting force that spring makes progress to packing ring can guarantee the better sealing of measuring chamber.Said packing ring is in order to improve the sealing of measuring chamber equally, thereby improves measuring accuracy.

After top cover is removed, visible battery bracket, motor and displacement sensor bracket, CO ₂Sensor fastening device; The bottom is provided with slide lid, screw mandrel, pickup groove.Moving up and down through said screw mandrel of slide lid realizes; Leading screw is that gyration is converted into rectilinear motion, or rectilinear motion is converted into a kind of drive mechanism of gyration, and this motion has very little friction force.

In whole mechanical devices; Because slide lid and fixedly middle cover with the pickup groove relative fixed; Both can't carry out relative circular motion, therefore can gyration be changed rectilinear motion through screw mandrel: the drives motor rotates, the driven by motor screw mandrel; Screw mandrel makes slide lid move up and down, and accomplishes opening and closing of measuring chamber.

The flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale software systems of the present invention comprise integrated RACS, communication subsystem, electrical management subsystem, mechanical RACS, information acquisition subsystem, monitoring of equipment and maintenance subsystem, data process subsystem, commanded response subsystem.Said communication subsystem is used to control said wireless sensor network AM access module; Said information acquisition subsystem is used to control said CO ₂The sensor measurement module; Said monitoring of equipment and maintenance subsystem are used to control said display module; Said information acquisition subsystem is the said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module of may command also; Said integrated RACS is used to control said main control circuit module; Said electrical management subsystem is used to control said each power module; Said mechanical RACS is used to control the operation of said mechanical devices; Said data process subsystem is used to control said data transmission circuit; Said commanded response subsystem can receive internet, wireless sensor network; Perhaps other wired or wireless communication networks instruction of sending requires circuit device therewith, mechanical devices or software subsystem to make operation or signal response through said integrated RACS.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; It can help, and the user is abominable in the open air, nobody guards a large amount of, the deployment fast of carrying out soil carbon flux monitoring device node under the environment for a long time; And under full automatic remote environment, gather, the wireless transmission mass data; Can also automatically respond teleinstruction, start or stop the measurement process at any time.Its measuring accuracy is high, and measurement range is wide, and it is fast to measure speed, and automatization level is high, has wide scientific research, commercial application prospect.Soil carbon flux monitoring of the present invention system is made up of a plurality of soil carbon flux measurement devices or node, and all is operated in field environment, so system design has very high requirement to energy consumption.The present invention machinery, circuit devcie select for use with circuit design, Mechanical Driven in, solved energy consumption problem substantially, this needs manual work to copy abroad to fetch data, the sustainable time of work more than 3 times of same category of device that can not Wireless Networking; Under the situation of applying solar charge, energy consumption advantage of the present invention is more obvious.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

The present invention measures the information of the temperature in the urban forests environment, humidity and decibel through forest environment benefit monitoring system; Adopt radio frequency transceiving module to be connected through microprocessor, the information of collecting is sent to monitor server with temperature monitoring sensor module, humidity detection sensor assembly and decibel monitoring sensor module; Monitor server is monitored the data organization of each forest environment benefit monitoring device together to the situation of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the decibel of whole monitoring area.Because the present invention is through the multi-hop mechanism of wireless sensor network; Temperature, humidity and decibel to complex environment and complicated place carry out unified monitoring; And on monitor server, utilize analytical algorithm to improve the accuracy that carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel are measured; Overcome carbon flux in the urban forests, temperature, humidity and decibel in real time, problem that the precise monitoring difficulty is big, be applicable to all kinds of complex environments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that the port of TelosB module and main circuit is provided with figure.Wherein, the 101st, solar charging panel; The 102nd, display screen; The 103rd, top cover; The 104th, fixing middle cover; The 105th, ventilating opening; The 106th, the measuring chamber pedestal.

Fig. 2 is the mu balanced circuit schematic diagram.Wherein, the 201st, circuit board support; The 202nd, slide lid; The 203rd, packing ring; The 204th, spring.

Fig. 3 is CO ₂The sensor drive driving circuit schematic diagram.Wherein, the 301st, battery bracket; The 302nd, motor, displacement sensor bracket; The 303rd, CO ₂The sensor fixed position; The 203rd, packing ring.

Fig. 4 is the circuit for controlling motor schematic diagram.Wherein, the 401st, slide lid; The 402nd, screw mandrel; The 403rd, pickup groove; The 104th, fixing middle cover.

Fig. 5 is the data transmission circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is the supply voltage monitoring circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is a circuit indicating circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 8 is solar charging circuit figure.

Fig. 9 is measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit figure.

Figure 10 is the displacement transducer circuit diagram.

Figure 11 is the mechanical devices outside drawing.

Figure 12 is the mechanical devices internal view.

Figure 13 is the mechanical devices internal anatomy.

Figure 14 is a mechanical devices brake composition.

Figure 15 is the single measurement process flow diagram.

Figure 16 regularly measures process flow diagram.

Figure 17 is a main program flow chart.

Figure 18 is a system architecture diagram;

Figure 19 is temperature, humidity and decibel pick-up unit structured flowchart;

Figure 20 is the temperature sensor module structured flowchart;

Figure 21 is a humidity sensor modular structure block diagram;

Figure 22 is a decibel sensor modular structure block diagram;

Figure 23 is the power module structured flowchart.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:

Embodiment 1

The flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale system of present embodiment comprises the hardware and software programming; Wherein hardware designs comprises circuit design and Machine Design two major parts:

One, circuit design

Circuit design comprises TelosB module, CO ₂Sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module.Each module is introduced at present:

1, TelosB module

TelosB is the Rev.B of CrossBow (Ke Sibo) company's T elos series node.In wireless sensor network, each entity elements is called sensor node.TelosB is exactly wherein a kind of node.The system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale ultimate demand inserts wireless sensor network.Each is by CO ₂The tester that modules such as sensor measurement module, temperature and humidity measurement module and TelosB are formed is equivalent to a node in the wireless network, and it has perception CO ₂Concentration, humiture, process information, the ability of communication.Node has light weight, volume is little, cost is low characteristics, and because of it is to be operated under the field environment, low energy consumption also is one of most important character.Node can be sent to data on user's the local computer.Like this, the user can face the residing environment of node by body, just can obtain some useful informations in this environment.TelosB mainly has following technical parameter:

Communication electric wave: 2.4GHz radio, 250Kbps high speed data transfer;

MAC agreement: IEEE 802.15.4;

Intercommunity with other IEEE 802.15.4 equipment;

The MSP430 of MCU:8MHz (10K RAM, 48K flash memory);

Have ADC, DAC module, supply voltage monitoring and dma controller;

Built-in aerial (being integrated in the circuit board);

Integrated humidity, temperature, optical inductor;

Extremely low current drain;

Extremely short wakeup time (＜6 μ s);

But hardware link layer encrypting and authenticating;

Through USB interface programming and collection data;

Peripheral expansion 16 pin, available SMA interface carry out antenna and connect;

Operating system: TinyOS;

TelosB is mainly by micro-control unit, wireless transceiver, and the USB converter is formed; Selecting Primary Component for use is MSP430F1611, CC2420 and FT232BM:

I)MSP430F1611

The low-power consumption characteristic of TelosB module and its microprocessor (MSP430F1611) have very big relation.MSP430F1611 has the RAM of 10KB, the flash memory of 48KB and the information stores of 128B; It is one 16 a single-chip microcomputer, has adopted reduced instruction set computer (RISC) structure, makes it have extremely low work and quiescent current, and this has guaranteed that also TelosB can work really long days.MSP430 has an internal DC O digital oscillator clock system, and frequency can reach 8MHz, and just can wake up from dormant state in the 6us (generally only needs 292ns under the room temperature.When DCO closed, MSP430 can also use the crystal oscillator of a 32468Hz.The frequency of DCO can be along with voltage and temperature variation, but it can be proofreaied and correct through the oscillator of 32KHz.MSP also has 8 outside ADC and 8 inner ADC ports, and inner ADC port can carry out the supply voltage monitoring; In addition, it also has peripheral hardware: SPI, UART, digital I/O port, house dog or the like in a lot of sheets; MSP430F1611 also has the dma controller of 12 DAC modules, supply voltage monitoring and 3 ports of one 2 port.Following form is its typical operation parameter:

Parameter type	MIN	NOM	MAX	UNIT
					Program is carried out voltage	1.8		3.6	V
Flash memory programming voltage	2.7		3.6	V
					Operating ambient temperature	-40		85	℃
Minimum crystal oscillator frequency		32.768		kHz
					Vcc=3V, watt current during 1MHz		500	600	μA

Quiescent current (low-power mode)	2.6	3.0	μA
				Wakeup time
		6	μs

II)CC2420

CC2420 be Chipcon As company release first meet the RF transceiver of 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4 standard.This device comprises numerous additional functionalities, is the RF device that first item is applicable to the ZigBee product.It processes the only few external component of need based on SmartRF 03 technology of Chipcon company with 0.18um CMOS technology, and stable performance and power consumption are extremely low.This has also guaranteed the requirement of TelosB low-power consumption.The selectivity of CC2420 and susceptibility index have surpassed the requirement of IEEE802.15.4 standard, can guarantee the validity and the reliability of short haul connection.Utilize the Wireless Telecom Equipment of this chip development to support that data transmission rate can realize multi-multipoint quickly networking up to 250kbps.Its Specifeca tion speeification is following:

Working band scope: 2.400～2.4835GHz;

Adopt the DSSS mode of IEEE802.15.4 code requirement;

Data rate reaches 250kbps, and spreading rate reaches 2MChip/s;

Adopt the O-QPSK modulation system;

Ultralow current drain (RX:19.7mA, TX:17.4mA) high receiving sensitivity is (99dBm); Anti-adjacent channel interference performance strong (39dB);

Inside is integrated with VCO, LNA, PA and power rectifier, low voltage power supply (2.1～3.6V); The output power programmed controlled;

IEEE802.15.4MAC layer hardware can support that automatic frame format generates, insertion synchronously detects with detection, 16bit CRC check, power supply, fully automatic MAC layer safeguard protection (CTR, CBC-MAC, CCM);

Interface configuration easy (4 bus SPI interface) with control microprocessor;

Complete development kit and the demonstration external member of providing of developing instrument;

Adopt the QLP-48 encapsulation, physical dimension has only 7 * 7mm.

III)FT232BM

USB is modernized interface and can directly gives power devices through usb bus that its interface is light and handy and mass data is transmitted therein; Therefore present embodiment is applied to USB interface on the TelosB through FT232BM.TelosB utilizes a USB controller to realize communicating by letter of main frame and FTDI.FTDI must be installed on the main frame drive, after the installation, TelosB similarly is a COM port under the WINDOWS equipment manager, and many micro-control clamp dogs of TelosB just can be connected to a computer through USB port simultaneously.The principal feature of FT232BM is following:

Support USB port to serial port communications;

Support RS232 standard serial port and RS422/RS485 interface;

VSPD VCP supports:

-Windows?98and?Windows?98SE

-Windows?2000/ME/XP

-MAC?OS-8and?OS-9

-MAC?OS-X

-Linux?2.40

USB driver D2XX supports

-Windows?98and?Windows98SE

-Windows?2000/ME/XP

Complete compatible USB V1.1 and USB V2.0 standard;

The reception buffer memory of 384Byte and the transmission buffer memory of 128Byte are provided;

USB connects 12Mb/s at full speed;

The direct power taking of usb bus, dispense with outer connecting power;

Support automatic Handshake Protocol;

Transfer rate up to 1Mbps (RS232) or 3Mbps (RS422/RS485);

The RS422/RS485 standard that meets TIA/EIA;

Support Remote Wake Up and power management;

But support point is to multiple spot (RS485).

2, CO ₂The sensor measurement module

This module adopts B-530 infrared carbon dioxide sensor, and it is present minimum, the lightest NDIR technology CO2 sensor assembly, is reserved with contact pin easy to plug, and very convenient user is connected use with other equipment; And H-550 output interface various (I2C, analog quantity) is easy to transmission and reads, and is fit to multiple occasion installation and removal.Its major parameter is following:

Working environment: 0～50 ℃;

Operating humidity range: 0～95%RH;

Detection method: NDIR;

Measurement range: 0～10,000ppm;

Accuracy of detection: ± 30ppm ± 5% reading;

Sampling time: 3 seconds;

Response time (90%) :≤30 seconds;

Size: 50W x 25.5H x 66D (mm);

Serviceable life: more than 10 years;

Power supply input: DC 9V～18V ± 10%;

Current sinking: mean value is 25mA, and peak value is 130mA;

Signal output: the linear output of analog quantity DC 0.5-4.5;

Signal output: digital quantity ASC sign indicating number serial data, Transistor-Transistor Logic level 38400, N, 8,1;

3, display module

LCD MODULE adopts QC12864B Chinese character image lattice lcd; It can show Chinese character and figure, built-in 8129 Chinese characters (16X16 dot matrix), 128 characters (8X16 dot matrix) and 64X256 dot matrix display random access memory (GDRAM).Its important technological parameters and indicating characteristic are following:

Power supply: VDD 3.3V～+ 5V (built-in booster circuit need not negative pressure);

Displaying contents: 128 row * 64 row;

Show Color: yellowish green screen, blue screen;

Angles of display: 6:00 clock direct-view;

LCD type: CSTN (power consumption is little) need add light illumination in the design;

With the MCU interface: 8 parallel ports or serial;

The configuration LED-backlit;

Various software function: cursor demonstration, picture displacement, self-defining character, sleep pattern etc.

4, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module

Adopt the SHT15 of digital hygro sensor SHT1x family (comprising SHT10, SHT11 and SHT15) in the design, belong to paster encapsulation series, be applicable to reflow soldering.Sensor is integrated in sensing element and signal processing circuit on the micro-circuit board, the digital signal that output is demarcated fully.Sensor adopts the CMOSens technology, guarantees that product has high reliability and remarkable long-time stability.Sensor comprises a capacitive character condensate hygrometric sensitive element, a temperature element of processing with gap material, and on same chip, realizes seamless link with 14 A/D converter and serial interface circuit.Each sensor chip is all demarcated in very accurate humidity chamber, and calibration factor is stored in the OTP internal memory with program form, is used for inner signal calibration.The serial line interface of two-wire system and inner voltage adjustment make integrated the becoming fast of peripheral system and simple.Its default resolution is 14bit (temperature) and 12bit (humidity), but under or the application that power consumption is extremely low high at the ask for something measuring speed, resolution can be reduced to 12it (temperature) and 8it (humidity).This guarantees the requirement of low-power consumption in the design.Its loss also is low-down: generally under dormant state, power consumption only 2uW, electric current is 0.3uA (being 1.5uA to the maximum); Power consumption is 3mW under the measurement state, and electric current is 0.55mA (being 1mA to the maximum); SHT15 relative humidity measurement precision representative value is ± 2%RH that the temperature measurement accuracy representative value is ± 0.3 ℃.

5, main control circuit

Main control circuit is by mu balanced circuit, compositions such as CO2 sensor drive driving circuit, motor-drive circuit, data transmission circuit (pressure regulation), electric source monitoring circuit, power indicating circuit; Fig. 1 is that the port of TelosB module and main circuit is provided with figure.

I) mu balanced circuit

Present embodiment adopts max1836 (AANY) chip to carry out voltage stabilizing, and it is a kind of voltage stabilizer of little power consumption, and concrete parameter is following:

Input voltage range is 4.5V～24V;

Fixed voltage output and the adjustable voltage output (1.25V～V of 3.3V or 5V can be provided _IN);

The output current maximum can reach 125mA;

Inner P channel mosfet;

Efficient is up to 90%;

Quiescent current 12uA;

Shutdown electric current 3uA;

Maximum 100% dutycycle provides low pressure drop;

Current limliting and overheat protector;

6 pin SOT23 encapsulation.

II) CO2 sensor drive driving circuit

III) circuit for controlling motor

CO ₂The opening and close by Electric Machine Control of measuring chamber, the work of motor be again by the control of H bridge circuit, get into measure before, provide high level control motor just to change by the ADC6 port of TelosB2, close measuring chamber; After measurement finishes, the counter-rotating of high level control motor is provided, opens measuring chamber by the ADC7 port; Can accomplish CO one time ₂The measurement of concentration.

Fig. 4 is the circuit for controlling motor schematic diagram.What degree measuring chamber should close (or opening) to, and carry out assist control through R22, detailed process: R22 is a precision resistance (15 Ω), can detect the R22 voltage with the AD port of TelosB, whereby, can learn the size of current of motor; We know when motor rotates; The size of electric current is relevant with the suffered resistance of motor; When moving down, the electric current that flows through motor can change when motor-driven slide lid (specifically tool design module) according to circumstances, when slide lid is run into O-ring seal (seeing the Machine Design module for details); Motor movement meets obstructions, and electric current strengthens; P6.6 continues to provide high level, and motor works on, and electric current will continue to increase, and the sealing of CO2 measuring chamber will be become better and better; The sealing of measuring chamber reached CO2 concentration determination demand when we set electric current and increase to certain big or small lm; This moment, the AD end voltage that monitors R22 of TelosB was R*lm, immediately the P6.6 port was changed to low level simultaneously.Motor quits work, and carries out the measurement of soil CO2 concentration under the closed environment, for the time 3 minutes.

After measurement is accomplished (after 3 minutes), need open measuring chamber, motor need reverse, and only needs P6.7 is changed to high level; And do not meet with obstruction in the motor Umklapp process, so its electric current keeps within the specific limits, there is not too great fluctuation process.When counter-rotating as for when stopping motor promptly is changed to low level with P6.7, need only set T (electrical inversion time) sometime, T constantly in, slide lid can on move, recover the ventilated environment of measuring chamber.

IV) data transmission circuit

Fig. 5 is the data transmission circuit schematic diagram.

CO ₂Sensor acquisition to data TXD through sending the RxMCU port of TelosB behind the above circuit to, the back is handled by TelosB and is transmitted.

V) supply voltage monitoring circuit

Fig. 6 is the supply voltage monitoring circuit schematic diagram.

The port ADC3 of TelosB is sent to TelosB to the supply voltage value that monitors and transfers to server through the TelosB processing then.

He) power indicating circuit

Fig. 7 is a circuit indicating circuit schematic diagram.

VII) solar charging circuit

Fig. 8 is the solar charging circuit schematic diagram.

VIII) measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit

Fig. 9 is a measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit schematic diagram.

Before the measurement, carry out the sealing action of measuring chamber; If seal not in placely, the P2.6 of TelosB will export high level, Q12 conducting, buzzer warning.

IX) utilize displacement transducer control slide lid displacement

This is a kind of realization means in the present embodiment.At III) in the circuit for controlling motor, the inventor had introduced through the voltage of measuring precision resistance R22 and had realized the distance that the control slide lid moves; Equally, also can realize this function through displacement transducer, we adopt universal linear displacement transducer: Figure 10 is its CC.

Figure 10: displacement transducer circuit theory diagrams.

The technical parameter of universal linear displacement transducer is following:

Friction durability:＞100X106 time;

Linear precision error:＜0.05%;

Reproducibility error:＜0.005mm;

Maximum translational speed: 10m/s;

Maximum allowable voltage: DC60V/5K Ω～20K Ω;

DC36V/2KΩ～4KΩ；

DC24V/1KΩ。

Two, Machine Design

Measuring appliance shape such as Figure 11 of present embodiment mainly form shown in Figure 12-14, comprise solar charging panel, top cover, fixing middle cover, measuring chamber pedestal etc.Figure 11 is the mechanical devices outside drawing.Wherein, measuring chamber is by measuring chamber pedestal, the fixing space that surrounds of middle cover and slide lid (not demonstrating among the last figure); Measuring chamber pedestal internal diameter is 20cm.

Figure 12 is said measuring appliance, i.e. the internal view of mechanical devices.

The spring major function is: before the measurement, close measuring chamber, when slide lid moves down up to tightly touching packing ring; Stop to move, measuring chamber is closed, and in whole test process; Spring is in compressive state, and the acting force that spring makes progress to packing ring can guarantee the better sealing of measuring chamber.

Packing ring be equally for sealing good.

Figure 13 is the mechanical devices internal anatomy; Figure 14 is the brake composition.

Moving up and down through screw mandrel of slide lid realizes; Leading screw is that gyration is converted into rectilinear motion, or rectilinear motion is converted into a kind of drive mechanism of gyration, and this motion has very little friction force.In entire mechanism; Because slide lid and fixedly middle cover with the pickup groove relative fixed; Both can't carry out relative circular motion, therefore can gyration be changed rectilinear motion through screw mandrel: the drives motor rotates, the driven by motor screw mandrel; Screw mandrel makes slide lid move up and down, and accomplishes opening and closing of measuring chamber.

Three, software design

The TinyOS operating system platform of the preferred University of California Berkeley of the software of present embodiment exploitation is write with NesC language syntax rule.The TinyOS operating system that present embodiment is launched comprises lightweight threading module, active message communication technology module, event-driven mode technology modules, modularization programming technique module.Lightweight threading module and active message communication technology module can improve the performance of wireless sensor network, and the characteristics of performance hardware reduce its power consumption greatly, and have simplified the exploitation of using.According to the composition of system hardware, the application subprogram of system is set to wireless telecommunications subroutine, display subroutine, temperature and humidity sensing subroutine, motor-driven subroutine, displacement detecting subroutine, supply voltage detection subroutine, CO ₂The sensing subroutine.

The software of present embodiment realizes that the main mode of carbon flux measurement has 6 kinds: 1, single measurement: promptly on-the-spot at instrument, press the startup button, and read measurement result from the display screen manual work, realize single measurement once; 2, regularly measure:, regularly measure the carbon amount of flux promptly through the long-range setting timing of server; 3, the appointed area is measured at random: promptly through the long-range transmission random measurement order of server, the node in the wireless sensor network sends to one or more measured node in the appointed area to said order, gathers the carbon flux in the appointed area; 4, the whole network is measured at random: promptly through the long-range transmission random measurement order of server, the node in the wireless sensor network sends to effectively whole measured node in the network to said order, gathers the carbon flux in the whole network's coverage area; 5, man-machine interface database instruction appointed area is measured: promptly through a personal-machine interface setting database parameter; Database root generates measuring command according to the parameter of setting; When the environmental information that said wireless sensor network is sent satisfies said parameter; Said measuring command is sent and is carried out to said server, the said measuring command of the long-range transmission of server, and the node in the wireless sensor network sends to one or more measured node in the appointed area to said order; Gather the carbon flux in the appointed area, said parameter comprise temperature, humidity, highly, position, wind speed, time, rainfall amount, vegetation density, vegetation pattern etc.; 6, man-machine interface database instruction the whole network is measured: promptly through a personal-machine interface setting database parameter; Database root generates measuring command according to the parameter of setting; When the environmental information that said wireless sensor network is sent satisfies said parameter; Said measuring command is sent and is carried out to said server, the said measuring command of the long-range transmission of server, and the node in the wireless sensor network sends to effectively whole measured node in the network to said order; Gather the carbon flux in the whole network's coverage area, said parameter comprise temperature, humidity, highly, position, wind speed, time, rainfall amount, vegetation density, vegetation pattern etc.

Said first kind of carbon flux measurement mode occurs in the prior art, but in the product of document of publishing and public offering, displaying, 2-6 kind metering system do not occur or comprise; Can realize that method, instrument or the equipment of 2-6 kind metering system also do not publish perhaps public offering, displaying.

The measuring process of each measured node one whole is following:

1.CO ₂Sensor preheating 100 seconds; Discover,, can improve the degree of accuracy of measured value this sensor elder generation preheating.Be at least 20 seconds the preheating time that research is measured, and present embodiment is set at 100 seconds.

2. motor just changes, and per 0.1 second once sampling of displacement transducer judges whether measuring chamber closes;

3.CO ₂Concentration, humiture, supply voltage were sampled 3 minutes, the displayed value of LCD output simultaneously, and CC2420 sends data;

4. motor counter-rotating, per 0.1 second once sampling of displacement transducer is judged whether complete opening of measuring chamber.

Process flow diagram is mainly following: Figure 15 is the single measurement process flow diagram.Figure 16 regularly measures process flow diagram.Figure 17 is a main program flow chart.

Embodiment 2

The flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale system of present embodiment comprises hardware system and software systems; Wherein hardware system comprises circuit devcie, mechanical devices two parts.

The circuit devcie of the flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale hardware system of present embodiment comprises wireless sensor network AM access module, CO ₂Sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module, specific as follows:

1, wireless sensor network AM access module.Said circuit devcie comprises a wireless sensor network AM access module, CO ₂Sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module.

Said wireless sensor network AM access module comprises micro-control unit, wireless transceiver, and USB converter, low energy consumption managing electric quantity device.Said wireless sensor network AM access module and CO ₂The tester that sensor measurement module, display module, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module, main control circuit module are formed is equivalent to a node in the wireless network, and it has perception CO ₂Concentration, humiture, process information, the ability of communication.Said node has light weight, volume is little, cost is low characteristics; Because it is to work under the lowered in field environment, low energy consumption also is one of most important character.Said node inserts the internet through wireless sensor network, and data are sent on user's computer, notebook computer, panel computer, intelligent equipment for surfing the net or the mobile phone.Like this, the user can face the residing environment of node by body, just can obtain some useful informations in this environment.

2, CO ₂The sensor measurement module.Said circuit devcie comprises a CO ₂The sensor measurement module.Said CO ₂The sensor measurement module comprises at least one infrared carbon dioxide sensor, and it reserves contact pin easy to plug, makes things convenient for the user to be connected use with other equipment; And, said CO ₂The output interface of sensor measurement module is various, is easy to data transmission and reads, and is fit to multiple occasion installation and removal.

3, display module.Said circuit devcie comprises a display module.Said display module comprises at least one liquid crystal, LED or OLED display module.Its display mode comprises cursor demonstration, picture displacement, self-defining character, sleep pattern etc.

4, Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module.Said circuit devcie comprises a Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module.Said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module is integrated in sensing element and signal processing circuit on the micro-circuit board, the digital signal that output is demarcated fully; Said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module also comprises a capacitive character condensate hygrometric sensitive element, a temperature element of processing with gap material, and on same chip, realizes seamless link with 14 A/D converter and serial interface circuit.

I) said mu balanced circuit is that the input voltage range of the voltage stabilizer of little power consumption is 4.5V～24V; Fixed voltage output and the adjustable voltage output (1.25V～V of 3.3V or 5V are provided _IN).

Fig. 2 is the mu balanced circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is CO ₂The sensor drive driving circuit schematic diagram.

This circuit design is mainly utilized the switching function of triode.Carry out CO2 when measuring at needs, produce a control signal by the 4 pin P3.4 of TelosB1, make Q3, Q4, Q5 conducting, the WV 12V of output CO2 sensor makes its work.Adopt Q4, two triode parallel connections of Q5 (Y2) to produce enough big drive current and drive carbon dioxide sensor work.

When said motor rotates; The size of electric current is relevant with the suffered resistance of motor; When said motor-driven slide lid (the mechanical devices module that specifically sees below) when moving down, the electric current that flows through motor can change, when slide lid is run into O-ring seal (the mechanical devices module that specifically sees below); Motor movement meets obstructions, and electric current strengthens; Continue to provide high level, motor works on, and electric current will continue to increase, and CO ₂The sealing of measuring chamber will be become better and better; Present embodiment is set electric current and is increased to certain when big or small, and the sealing of measuring chamber reaches CO ₂The concentration determination demand; At this moment, motor quits work, and begins under the closed environment soil CO ₂The measurement of concentration, 3 minutes the sealing sampled measurements time of systemic presupposition.

After sealing was measured and accomplished, in the time of need opening measuring chamber, said motor need reverse; Do not meet with obstruction in the motor Umklapp process,, do not have too great fluctuation process so its electric current keeps within the specific limits.As for the counter-rotating that when stops motor? Present embodiment is set 20 seconds electrical inversion time, and this time, said motor stopped counter-rotating when expiring; Before said counter-rotating stopped, slide lid was removed, and recovered the ventilated environment of measuring chamber.

V) said supply voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor supply voltage.

He) said power indicating circuit is used to indicate power supply.

VII) said solar charging circuit is used to start the solar recharging module.

VIII) said measuring chamber unsealing warning circuit is used for the equipment alarm of present embodiment hardware device.Before measuring startup, said equipment will carry out the sealing action of measuring chamber; If seal not in placely, said warning circuit starts alarm operation, comprises the startup hummer, perhaps sends the remote failure signal.

IX) said displacement transducer control circuit is used to utilize the displacement of displacement transducer control slide lid.Present embodiment adopts linear displacement transducer to realize this function.

The mechanical devices of present embodiment comprises solar charging panel, top cover, fixedly middle cover, measuring chamber pedestal etc.

Wherein, measuring chamber comprises measuring chamber pedestal, the fixing space that surrounds of middle cover and slide lid, and slide lid ventilating opening occurs after opening; Measuring chamber pedestal internal diameter is 20cm.

The flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale software systems of present embodiment comprise integrated RACS, communication subsystem, electrical management subsystem, mechanical RACS, information acquisition subsystem, monitoring of equipment and maintenance subsystem, data process subsystem, commanded response subsystem.Said communication subsystem is used to control said wireless sensor network AM access module; Said information acquisition subsystem is used to control said CO ₂The sensor measurement module; Said monitoring of equipment and maintenance subsystem are used to control said display module; Said information acquisition subsystem is the said Temperature Humidity Sensor measurement module of may command also; Said integrated RACS is used to control said main control circuit module; Said electrical management subsystem is used to control said each power module; Said mechanical RACS is used to control the operation of said mechanical devices; Said data process subsystem is used to control said data transmission circuit; Said commanded response subsystem can receive internet, wireless sensor network; Perhaps other wired or wireless communication networks instruction of sending requires circuit device therewith, mechanical devices or software subsystem to make operation or signal response through said integrated RACS.The motor-drive circuit control CO of present embodiment ₂The integral body of measuring chamber is opened and is closed; The whole opening operation of said measuring chamber is used to said measuring chamber and provides and the outer identical temperature of measuring chamber, humidity, the hydrology, atmospheric environment.Said CO ₂The whole unfolding mode of measuring chamber is that one-sided parallel-moving type launches.Said one-sided parallel-moving type launches to comprise that the part integrity of measuring chamber top opens to a sidesway, makes rainwater can vertically fall into the inner soil of measuring chamber; The parts of measuring chamber top can comprise the outer wall of measuring chamber.

The flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale method of present embodiment comprises the steps:

S1. every at a distance from 1 wireless sensor node of 30 meters deployment in 100 square kilometres of scopes, and make it networking, launch wireless sensor network;

S2. insert the internet to the wireless sensor network among the S1;

S3. insert the said network among the S2 to the telecommunication network terminal; Said terminal comprises mobile phone, computing machine, notebook computer, smart mobile phone, panel computer, intelligent equipment for surfing the net;

The wireless sensor node of the network terminal among the S4.S3 from said S1 receives information, and perhaps the wireless sensor node in said S1 sends instruction.

Said wireless sensor network comprises at least one man-machine log-in interface, and said telecommunication network terminal is through behind the authentication of said man-machine log-in interface, at the said wireless sensor network of visit within the scope of authority of its acquisition.

The described a kind of flux monitoring of soil carbon on a large scale method is characterized in that said carbon flux monitoring method comprises following carbon flux measurement mode:

(1) single measurement: promptly on-the-spot at instrument, press the startup button, read measurement result from the display screen manual work, realize single measurement;

(2) regularly measure:, regularly measure the carbon amount of flux promptly through the long-range setting timing of server.

In the flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale application program of present embodiment, comprise following 4 kinds of alternative carbon flux measurement subroutines:

(1) appointed area process of measurement at random: promptly through the long-range transmission random measurement order of server, the node in the wireless sensor network sends to one or more measured node in the appointed area to said order, the carbon flux in the collection appointed area;

(2) the whole network process of measurement at random: promptly through the long-range transmission random measurement order of server, the node in the wireless sensor network sends in the network effectively all measured node to said order, gathers the interior carbon flux of whole network's coverage area;

(3) man-machine interface database instruction appointed area process of measurement: promptly through a personal-machine interface setting database parameter; Database root generates measuring command according to the parameter of setting; When the environmental information that said wireless sensor network is sent satisfies said parameter; Said measuring command is sent and is carried out to said server, the said measuring command of the long-range transmission of server, and the node in the wireless sensor network sends to one or more measured node in the appointed area to said order; Gather the carbon flux in the appointed area, said parameter comprise temperature, humidity, highly, position, wind speed, time, rainfall amount, vegetation density, vegetation pattern;

(4) man-machine interface database instruction the whole network process of measurement: promptly through a personal-machine interface setting database parameter; Database root generates measuring command according to the parameter of setting; When the environmental information that said wireless sensor network is sent satisfies said parameter; Said measuring command is sent and is carried out to said server, the said measuring command of the long-range transmission of server, and the node in the wireless sensor network sends to effectively whole measured node in the network to said order; Gather the carbon flux in the whole network's coverage area, said parameter comprise temperature, humidity, highly, position, wind speed, time, rainfall amount, vegetation density, vegetation pattern.

In the flux monitoring of the soil carbon on a large scale method of present embodiment, the measuring process of each measured node one whole comprises the steps:

S1. after measuring command is received in this locality, perhaps receive the remote measurement order that wireless sensor network sends after, close measuring chamber automatically, and make close closely knit, in neat formation;

S2.CO ₂Sensor preheating 20 seconds;

S3. measure CO ₂Concentration is measured temperature, humidity simultaneously;

S4. show or transmission CO ₂Concentration data and these data and Measuring Time, locality data, and measure CO ₂The temperature of obtaining during concentration, humidity data show simultaneously or send;

S5. open measuring chamber automatically, make inner acquisition of measuring chamber and outside identical temperature, humidity, the hydrology, atmospheric environment.

Said sensor preheating can start when the measuring chamber shutoff operation begins, perhaps closes back closely knit, in neat formation in Equipment Inspection to measuring chamber and starts.

Embodiment 3

Referring to Figure 18 and Figure 19, this kind comprises a monitor server (2) and plurality of temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) based on the forest environment benefit monitoring system of wireless sensor network.This monitor server (2) is connected with a plurality of temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring devices (1) that are in diverse location in the atmospheric environment through wireless mode, and this kind temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) comprise power module (3), microprocessor (7) and the temperature sensor module (4) that is connected with this microprocessor, humidity sensor module (5), decibel sensor module (6) and radio frequency transceiving module (8).Wherein power module (3) is by solar powered and for whole temperature, humidity and a decibel monitoring device (1) provide electric energy, and said a plurality of temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) interconnect also communication through radio frequency transceiving module (8) separately.Above monitor server (2) can adopt PC to realize that the signal transmitting and receiving interface of this PC is connected with wireless signal transceiver, is used for carrying out radio communication with other temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1).

Shown in figure 20: above-mentioned temperature sensor module (4) is made up of temperature signal collection module (10), processes temperature signal modular converter (9), signal transmitting and receiving control module (12) and rectification anti-jamming circuit (11).The signal output part of temperature signal collection module (10) is connected with the signal input part of processes temperature signal modular converter (9); The signal output part of processes temperature signal modular converter (9) is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module (12); The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module (12) is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit (11), and the signal output part of rectification anti-jamming circuit (11) is connected on the microprocessor (7) for the signal output part as whole temperature sensor module (4).

Shown in figure 21: above-mentioned humidity sensor module (5) is made up of moisture signal acquisition module (13), moisture signal treatment conversion module (14), signal transmitting and receiving control module (15) and rectification anti-jamming circuit (16).The signal output part of moisture signal acquisition module (13) is connected with the signal input part of processes temperature signal modular converter (14); The signal output part of moisture signal treatment conversion module (14) is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module (15); The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module (15) is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit (16), and the signal output part of rectification anti-jamming circuit (16) is connected on the microprocessor (7) for the signal output part as whole humidity sensor module (5).

Shown in figure 22: above-mentioned decibel sensor module (6) is made up of decibel signal acquisition module (17), decibel signal Processing modular converter (18), analog-to-digital conversion module (19), signal transmitting and receiving control module (20) and rectification anti-jamming circuit (21).The signal output part of decibel signal acquisition module (17) is connected with the signal input part of decibel signal Processing modular converter (18); The signal output part of decibel signal Processing modular converter (18) is connected with the signal input part of analog-to-digital conversion module (19); The signal output part of analog-to-digital conversion module (19) is connected to the input end of signal transmitting and receiving control module (20); The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module (20) is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit (21), and the output terminal of rectification anti-jamming circuit (21) is connected on the microprocessor (7) for the signal output part as whole decibel sensor module (6).

Shown in figure 23: above-mentioned power module (3) is made up of solar recharging module (22), mu balanced circuit (23), control circuit (24) and accumulator (25).Solar recharging module (22) is accepted illumination and charging; The output terminal of solar recharging module (22) is connected to the input end of mu balanced circuit (23); The output terminal of mu balanced circuit (23) is connected to the input end of control circuit (24); The output terminal of control circuit (24) is connected to the input end of accumulator (25), and the output terminal of accumulator (25) is connected on temperature sensor module (4), humidity sensor module (5), decibel sensor module (6) and the radio frequency transceiving module (8).

In sum, the present invention is a kind of wireless sensor network system that is used for forest environment is carried out temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring.The present invention comprises a plurality of self-organization multi-hop wireless sensor networks, and these network nodes are related with background processing system (being monitor server (2)) through wireless mode, forms forest environment benefit monitoring system.After temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) power on; It is on the network node; Temperature, humidity and the decibel monitoring device (1) of access network communicate with other for this temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) meeting trial; And include network in, and set up self routing table information according to the data transmission routing mode of network definition.Routing table has indicated the next-hop node numbering that this node need transmit in order data to be sent to background processing system.

The backstage service routine that runs on temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) hardware on each node can obtain the data message that microprocessor is received, and information is carried out analyzing stored.Temperature sensor module (4), humidity sensor module (5) and decibel sensor module (6) are through being connected with microprocessor (7); To microprocessor (7) data are provided respectively; Microprocessor (7) sends data through radio frequency transceiving module (8) to other nodes, and utilizes the multi-hop mode finally to be sent to background processing system.The temperature, humidity and the decibel monitoring device (1) that are on each node can be accepted the steering order that background processing system is sent, and dynamically adjust each frequency that sensing data is collected.

Temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) can admit other nodes to add network after access network.When oneself transmits data, also can be as the relay transmission data of other nodes.Background processing system can be analyzed, handle and store the data of collecting.Background processing system is put in order the data of being received, the abnormal data owing to node failure or transmission fault appearance is filtered; Data according to temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device (1) node location of living in and passback thereof generate corresponding statistical graph; Data to normal passback are stored, and are beneficial to follow-up use.Background processing system of the present invention can be instructed through artificial the transmission, dynamically arranges the frequency of temperature, humidity and decibel data acquisition respectively.

Principle of work of the present invention is following:

After the monitor server startup as background processing system, its data transmit-receive module is in listen mode, constantly collects the data of temperature, humidity and the passback of decibel monitoring device on each network node.Simultaneously, when the background processing system transmission Updates Information frequency acquisition, send these instructions with broadcast mode other nodes in network.After the temperature on the node, humidity and decibel monitoring device power up, constantly broadcast self available message, after the temperature on other nodes, humidity and decibel monitoring device receive this message, this node is added in its neighbor list.Simultaneously, according to its routing table of default routing protocol update.Temperature sensor module in the node in temperature, humidity and the decibel monitoring device, humidity sensor module and decibel sensor module section basis be constantly corresponding temperature, humidity and the decibel data message of collecting in the environment of SF of default setting separately; Through the processing of microprocessor, data are sent to the next-hop node in the routing table through radio frequency transceiving module.

Receive the data message of other nodes transmissions when a certain node after,, these data are sent to the next-hop node of appointment in the routing table according to self routing table information.

Claims

1. WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; It is characterized in that; After a monitor server as background processing system starts; Its data transmit-receive module is in listen mode, constantly collects the data of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the passback of decibel monitoring device on each network node; The data of said passback comprise Measuring Time, location information; And the carbon flux of this identical time and same place, temperature, humidity and decibel data; The data of said passback are imported a database automatically; Automatically import analytical model with the data of other network node passbacks, carry out the related convergence analysis of data; Said database is connected to a personal-machine interface, is used for upgrading and importing said analytical model; Simultaneously, when the background processing system transmission Updates Information frequency acquisition, send these instructions with broadcast mode other nodes in network; After the carbon flux on the node, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device power up; Constantly broadcast self available message; After carbon flux on other nodes, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device receive this message, this node is added in its neighbor list; Simultaneously, according to its routing table of default routing protocol update; Carbon flux sensor module, temperature sensor module, humidity sensor module and decibel sensor module section basis in the node in carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the decibel monitoring device monitoring device be constantly corresponding carbon flux, temperature, humidity and the decibel data message of collecting in the environment of SF of default setting separately; Through the processing of microprocessor, data are sent to the next-hop node in the routing table through radio frequency transceiving module;

2. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale according to claim 1 is characterized in that said carbon flux monitoring device comprises main control circuit, CO ₂Measurement module, display screen, TeleosB2, optoelectronic switch induction module also comprise at least one CO ₂Measuring chamber, at least one is provided with the top cover of display device, and at least one is positioned at the solar panel of top cover top; Said main control circuit comprises mu balanced circuit, CO ₂Sensor drive driving circuit, optoelectronic switch driving circuit, motor-drive circuit, data transmission circuit, electric source monitoring circuit, power indicating circuit; Said CO ₂The keying of measuring chamber is by Electric Machine Control, get into measure before, provide signal control motor just to change by ADC6 or the ADC7 port of TeleosB2, close measuring chamber; After measurement finishes, the signal control motor counter-rotating is provided, opens measuring chamber by ADC6 or ADC7 port.

3. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; It is characterized in that: said monitor server is connected with a plurality of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring devices that are in diverse location in the atmospheric environment through wireless mode, and said carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device comprise power module, microprocessor and the carbon flux sensor that is connected with this microprocessor, humidity detection sensor, temperature monitoring sensor, decibel monitoring sensor, radio frequency transceiving module; Said power module also provides electric energy for whole temperature, humidity and a decibel monitoring device through solar recharging; Said a plurality of carbon flux, temperature, humidity and decibel monitoring device interconnect and communication through radio frequency transceiving module separately; Described carbon flux monitoring sensor can be monitored the carbon of soil and breathed; Described humidity detection sensor can be monitored atmospheric humidity; Described temperature monitoring sensor can the monitoring of environmental temperature; The decibel of described decibel monitoring sensor in can monitoring of environmental.

4. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale, said monitor server is PC, the signal transmitting and receiving interface of this PC is connected with wireless signal transceiver.

5. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale according to claim 2, said microprocessor is msp430.

6. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale according to claim 2, said radio frequency transceiving module is based on the ZigBee wireless lan communication lsi of radio frequency chip CC2420.

7. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said temperature sensor module is made up of temperature signal collection module, processes temperature signal modular converter, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said temperature signal collection module is connected with the signal input part of processes temperature signal modular converter; The signal output part of processes temperature signal modular converter is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole temperature sensor module.

8. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said humidity sensor module is made up of moisture signal acquisition module, moisture signal treatment conversion module, signal transmitting and receiving control module and rectification anti-jamming circuit; The signal output part of said moisture signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of moisture signal treatment conversion module; The signal output part of moisture signal treatment conversion module is connected with the signal input part of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the signal output part of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole humidity sensor module.

9. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said decibel sensor module is made up of decibel signal acquisition module, decibel signal Processing modular converter, analog-to-digital conversion module and signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of said decibel signal acquisition module is connected with the signal input part of decibel signal Processing modular converter; The signal output part of decibel signal Processing modular converter is connected with the signal input part of D/A converter module; The signal output part of analog-to-digital conversion module is connected to the input end of signal transmitting and receiving control module; The signal output part of signal transmitting and receiving control module is connected to the input end of rectification anti-jamming circuit, and the output terminal of said rectification anti-jamming circuit is connected on the microprocessor for the signal output part as whole decibel sensor module.

10. a kind of WSN forest environment benefit monitoring system according to claim 2 based on the system of soil carbon flux monitoring on a large scale; Said power module is made up of solar recharging module, mu balanced circuit, control circuit and accumulator; Described solar recharging module is accepted illumination and charging; The output terminal of solar recharging module is connected to the input end of mu balanced circuit; The output terminal of mu balanced circuit is connected to the input end of control circuit, and the output terminal of control circuit is connected to the input end of accumulator, and the output terminal of accumulator is connected on temperature sensor module, humidity sensor module, decibel sensor module and the radio frequency transceiving module so that electric energy to be provided.