CN201262704Y - A wireless monitoring device for residential energy saving - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型属于一种自动控制技术领域,涉及一种用于住宅节能的无线监控装置,该装置能实现建筑物室内能耗检测和控制。The utility model belongs to the technical field of automatic control, and relates to a wireless monitoring device for residential energy saving, which can realize detection and control of indoor energy consumption of buildings.
背景技术 Background technique
社会的发展使建筑物的数量骤增,以致建筑耗能已与工业耗能、交通耗能成为我国能源消耗的三大“耗能大户”。现实情况,粗放的管理与使用能源,其浪费与低效益令人惊叹。据中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告(2007)得知:我国建筑能耗占社会总能耗的18.8%,城镇住宅能耗占建筑能耗25%,城镇住宅除采暖外的能耗(照明、家电、空调)大约占我国全年供电量的12%。目前的住宅几乎没采用任何节能措施,也没有能耗的检测、分析、统计,以及节能方案与实施技术的研究。关于建筑物的节能技术的研究,显得非常必要与重要。与人们生存及生活息息相关的住宅,研究其中的能耗及节能技术,对全民树立节能意识,从日常生活、从自己身边实现节能具有重要意义。The development of society has led to a sudden increase in the number of buildings, so that building energy consumption, industrial energy consumption, and transportation energy consumption have become the three "big energy-consuming households" in my country's energy consumption. In reality, the extensive management and use of energy is astonishingly wasteful and ineffective. According to the China Building Energy Conservation Annual Development Research Report (2007), it is known that my country's building energy consumption accounts for 18.8% of the total social energy consumption, urban residential energy consumption accounts for 25% of building energy consumption, and urban residential energy consumption other than heating (lighting, home appliances , air conditioners) account for about 12% of my country's annual power supply. At present, almost no energy-saving measures are adopted in residential buildings, and there is no detection, analysis and statistics of energy consumption, as well as research on energy-saving schemes and implementation technologies. Research on energy-saving technologies for buildings is very necessary and important. The study of energy consumption and energy-saving technologies in houses that are closely related to people's survival and life is of great significance to the establishment of energy-saving awareness for the whole people, and the realization of energy-saving from daily life and from oneself.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型目的在于,提供一种用于实现室内能耗检测控制系统,该能耗检测控制系统能够进行能耗的检测与控制,以信息技术克服浪费能源的因素,使能源的使用由粗放到集约,达到整个住宅节能的目的。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a detection and control system for indoor energy consumption. The energy consumption detection and control system can detect and control energy consumption, overcome the factors of wasting energy with information technology, and make the use of energy from extensive to Intensive, to achieve the purpose of energy saving of the whole house.
为了实现上述任务,本实用新型采用的技术解决方案是:In order to realize above-mentioned task, the technical solution that the utility model adopts is:
一种用于住宅节能的无线监控装置,其特征在于,该装置包括:A wireless monitoring device for residential energy saving, characterized in that the device includes:
一上级管理中心模块,该上级管理中心模块中设置有服务器和与服务器连接的计算机群;An upper-level management center module, which is equipped with a server and a computer group connected to the server;
一下级管理中心模块,该下级管理中心模块中设置有数据库,数据库连接有计算机群;A lower-level management center module, in which a database is set, and the database is connected to a computer group;
由商业建筑、办公建筑和民用建筑构成的建筑群,建筑群内部设有无线传感器网络,用于采集各个建筑点的实时水、电、气能耗数据;A building complex consisting of commercial buildings, office buildings and civil buildings, with a wireless sensor network inside the building complex to collect real-time water, electricity and gas energy consumption data of each building point;
一中转站,通过GPRS网络传输建筑群各个建筑点的实时水、电、气能耗数据,然后储存于建筑群内部的无线传感器网络所分布的测控网络终端计算机中;A transfer station, which transmits the real-time water, electricity, and gas energy consumption data of each building point of the building group through the GPRS network, and then stores them in the measurement and control network terminal computers distributed by the wireless sensor network inside the building group;
所述上级管理中心模块通过Internet网络通讯访问下级管理中心模块,建筑群通过中转站的GPRS网络和下级管理中心模块通讯,储存于数据库当中,并进行分析、建模和节能预测。The upper-level management center module accesses the lower-level management center module through Internet network communication, and the building group communicates with the lower-level management center module through the GPRS network of the transfer station, stores in the database, and performs analysis, modeling and energy-saving prediction.
所述的无线传感器网络至少包括有主控制计算机、无线传感器、协调器、网关、路由设备和传感器节点构成的无线远程监控平台。The wireless sensor network at least includes a wireless remote monitoring platform composed of a main control computer, a wireless sensor, a coordinator, a gateway, a routing device and sensor nodes.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型有益效果体现在:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are reflected in:
1、无线远程监控平台1. Wireless remote monitoring platform
通过采用无线传感器、协调器、终端节点、网关、无线传输通道和主控制计算机,能够实现建筑能耗准确、实时采集,远程传输,建立了能耗数据库,计算机控管一体化,发挥了信息技术在节能降耗的作用。通过在其无线网络传输中采取ZigBee和GPRS技术,可以使能耗数据能够在第一时间进行网络传输。充分保证了数据的准确性,实时性。Through the use of wireless sensors, coordinators, terminal nodes, gateways, wireless transmission channels and main control computers, it is possible to achieve accurate and real-time collection of building energy consumption, remote transmission, the establishment of an energy consumption database, and the integration of computer control and management. In the role of energy saving and consumption reduction. By adopting ZigBee and GPRS technology in its wireless network transmission, the energy consumption data can be transmitted on the network in the first time. The accuracy and real-time nature of the data are fully guaranteed.
2、基于最新的无线传感器网络网络结构2. Based on the latest wireless sensor network network structure
本实用新型采用了近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本的双向无线通信技术。构建了建筑物室内能耗无线远程检测控制,与传统的有线系统相比,系统安装,调试的复杂度大大降低,有着很强的针对性和实用性。The utility model adopts short-distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, and low-cost two-way wireless communication technology. The wireless remote detection and control of building indoor energy consumption is constructed. Compared with the traditional wired system, the complexity of system installation and debugging is greatly reduced, and it has strong pertinence and practicability.
3、低廉的成本3. Low cost
本实用新型成本将会非常低廉,易于市场推广。The cost of the utility model will be very low, and it is easy to promote in the market.
4、数据直观齐全易操作4. The data is intuitive, complete and easy to operate
将采集到的能耗信息,由上述无线传感器网络传输通道传至主控计算机,通过显示器中友好的界面,使该控制装置便于操作。The collected energy consumption information is transmitted to the main control computer through the wireless sensor network transmission channel, and the control device is easy to operate through the friendly interface in the display.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的装置结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the device structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2为本实用新型的控制原理图。Fig. 2 is the control schematic diagram of the utility model.
以下结合附图和发明人给出的实施例对本实用新型做进一步的详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the embodiment that inventor provides, the utility model is described in further detail.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本实用新型的用于住宅节能的无线监控装置,其解决技术问题的思路是:在建筑群上设置安装能耗检测设备(如智能水表、电表与气表)的分布式传感器网络,以无线远程传输技术实现能耗数据自动采集,并建立能耗数据库,依据能耗数据建立能耗模型,预测能耗趋势,设计节能具体方案与节能管理系统,从而达到节能的目的。The wireless monitoring device for residential energy saving of the utility model has the idea of solving the technical problem as follows: install a distributed sensor network of energy consumption detection equipment (such as intelligent water meters, electric meters and gas meters) on the buildings, and use wireless remote The transmission technology realizes the automatic collection of energy consumption data, establishes an energy consumption database, establishes an energy consumption model based on the energy consumption data, predicts energy consumption trends, and designs specific energy saving schemes and energy saving management systems, so as to achieve the goal of energy saving.
本实用新型是基于无线技术的建筑物室内能耗远程检测控制,具体地说,是一种基于无线技术平台的数据采集控制。如图1所示,在建筑群(包括商业、办公、民用建筑)中建立无线传感器网络,用于采集各个用能点的实时水、电、气能耗数据,各个点的数据通过建筑中的中继站进行传输,然后储存于分布式测控网络终端计算机中。The utility model is a remote detection and control of indoor energy consumption of buildings based on wireless technology, in particular, a data acquisition control based on a wireless technology platform. As shown in Figure 1, a wireless sensor network is established in a building group (including commercial, office, and civil buildings) to collect real-time water, electricity, and gas energy consumption data at each energy point. The relay station transmits, and then stores it in the terminal computer of the distributed measurement and control network.
该装置包括:The unit includes:
一上级管理中心模块,该上级管理中心模块中设置有服务器和与服务器连接的计算机群;An upper-level management center module, which is equipped with a server and a computer group connected to the server;
一下级管理中心模块,该下级管理中心中模块设置有数据库,数据库连接有计算机群;A lower-level management center module, the module in the lower-level management center is equipped with a database, and the database is connected to a computer group;
一中转站,通过GPRS网络传输建筑群各个建筑点的实时水、电、气能耗数据,然后储存于分布式测控网络终端计算机中;A transfer station, which transmits the real-time water, electricity, and gas energy consumption data of each building point of the building group through the GPRS network, and then stores them in the terminal computer of the distributed measurement and control network;
通过GPRS网络,建筑物的能耗数据被上传到下级管理中心模块,储存于数据库当中,并进行分析、建模,节能预测等。Through the GPRS network, the energy consumption data of the building is uploaded to the lower-level management center module, stored in the database, and analyzed, modeled, and energy-saving forecasted.
上级管理中心模块通过Internet网络可以访问下级管理中心模块,了解能耗情况。The upper-level management center module can access the lower-level management center module through the Internet to learn about the energy consumption.
对于建筑点的室内控制如图2所示,建筑物内的水、电、气以及信息家电,通过CC2430芯片接口实现传感器节点与嵌入式家庭网关之间的通信,传感器节点负责监视周围环境内的终端设备,接收信号,并进行数据处理和通信,它集成传感器件、数据处理单元和通信模块,并通过自组织的方式构成网络。借助于传感器节点中各类型的传感器件,可以采集建筑物内部的水、电、气以及信息的家电的能耗信息,同时也可以监视周边环境的温度、湿度、光强度、入侵等。嵌入式网关作为外部TCP/IP网络与建筑物内部信息网络的一个连接点,收到传感器节点的信息后,通过主处理芯片进行协议转换,实现与外部网络的TCP/IP互联,进而取得通信的互联。The indoor control of building points is shown in Figure 2. The water, electricity, gas and information appliances in the building realize the communication between the sensor node and the embedded home gateway through the CC2430 chip interface, and the sensor node is responsible for monitoring the surrounding environment. The terminal equipment receives signals and performs data processing and communication. It integrates sensor devices, data processing units and communication modules, and forms a network through self-organization. With the help of various types of sensor devices in the sensor node, energy consumption information of water, electricity, gas and information appliances inside the building can be collected, and the temperature, humidity, light intensity, intrusion, etc. of the surrounding environment can also be monitored. As a connection point between the external TCP/IP network and the internal information network of the building, the embedded gateway performs protocol conversion through the main processing chip after receiving the information of the sensor nodes, realizes the TCP/IP interconnection with the external network, and then obtains the communication interconnected.
在进行远程控制时,用户向智能家庭网关28发送GPRS远程控制协议帧,智能家庭网关28利用GPRS模块33接收,并通过ARM处理器29获取、解析控制信号,通过SPI接口30转交CC2430芯片31,经由CC2430芯片31将信息打包,使用射频模块32发送进入ZigBee网络27,使用网络中的ZigBee协调器26,将信号送入目的终端(协议帧中目的地址指向的终端)。以水(电、气)表1为例,目的终端使用CC2430芯片31的一个射频模块4获取控制信息,并将信息送入一个8051内核3。之后,8051内核3解析控制信号,通过DAC芯片5对水(电、气)表(1)发送控制信号。水(电、气)表1根据控制信号采集家庭能耗的使用量,并将检测到的能耗信息传输给CC2430内置的14位ADC(2),ADC(2)将模拟信号转化为数字信号,再将信号传送到CC2430芯片8051控制内核3,由ZigBee射频模块4打包、转发,所有终端设备采用ZigBee帧格式,将测控信息发送到ZigBee协调器26,ZigBee协调器26通过ZigBee网络27将信息传送给智能家庭网关28,智能家庭网关利用内置的ZigBee CC2430射频模块接收信息帧,并将信息传送给ARM处理器(29),ARM处理器使用GPRS模块(33)对远程终端发送GPRS信息帧。智能家居测控模块6、门禁测控模块11、照明测控模块16、门窗开合及玻璃防爆测控模块21,采用相同方式完成以上过程。When performing remote control, the user sends a GPRS remote control protocol frame to the smart home gateway 28, and the smart home gateway 28 utilizes the
具体的实施可选用以下的基于Zigbee无线网络技术的无线传感器网络技术。The specific implementation can choose the following wireless sensor network technology based on Zigbee wireless network technology.
1、基于最新的ZigBee技术的无线网络结构1. Wireless network structure based on the latest ZigBee technology
ZigBee是一种近年来才兴起的无线网络通信技术标准,成本低,功耗低是其突优势。其网络容量大,数据交换量小,传输速率要求不高。在通信时,它的连接间短,可以大大减少通信数据碰撞的概率。在网络安全方面,它对所传输的数据息进行加密处理,安全性高。因此,它完全满足家庭传感器组网的要求。本实用新型采用了最新的ZigBee无线通信技术,构建起基于ZigBee的住宅节能的无线监控技术系统,大量的传感器节点使用电池供电不需要进行有线布线,家庭无线网络安装容易。对于己安装基于ZigBee的家庭控制网络的灯光、空调和安防系统进行更改适应新的需求非常方便。安装好的网络节点可以方便的移动重新布置。添加网络节点容易,新节点加入网络只需要请求邻近的网络协调器加入网络即可以。ZigBee is a wireless network communication technology standard that has only emerged in recent years. Its low cost and low power consumption are its outstanding advantages. Its network capacity is large, the amount of data exchange is small, and the transmission rate requirement is not high. When communicating, its connection interval is short, which can greatly reduce the probability of communication data collision. In terms of network security, it encrypts the transmitted data information, which has high security. Therefore, it fully meets the requirements of home sensor networking. The utility model adopts the latest ZigBee wireless communication technology to build a residential energy-saving wireless monitoring technology system based on ZigBee. A large number of sensor nodes are powered by batteries without wired wiring, and the home wireless network is easy to install. It is very convenient to change the lighting, air conditioning and security systems that have installed ZigBee-based home control network to meet new requirements. The installed network nodes can be easily moved and rearranged. It is easy to add network nodes. New nodes only need to request the adjacent network coordinator to join the network.
采用ZigBee的家庭网络对于设备的控制可以进行灵活的配置,可以控制一个特定的设备,也可以用一个控制器控制家庭中的多个独立的设备。多个设备可以独立工作也可以共同联合工作已完成一系列功能。The home network using ZigBee can flexibly configure the control of the device. It can control a specific device, or use a controller to control multiple independent devices in the family. Multiple devices can work independently or jointly to complete a series of functions.
2、低廉的成本2. Low cost
采用ZigBee技术具有低速率、低功耗、低成本等特点,而且ZigBee模块的价格仍在进一步降低,本发明成本将会非常低廉,易于市场推广。Adopting ZigBee technology has the characteristics of low speed, low power consumption, low cost, etc., and the price of ZigBee module is still further reduced, and the cost of the present invention will be very low, and it is easy to promote in the market.
3、低功耗3. Low power consumption
在单一的芯片内包含了802.15.4及ZigBee兼容系统中必备的组件,支持同步睡眠和唤醒,有效的降低了功耗,耗能原件较少,仅靠两节标准5号电池就可持续工作6个月至两年,从而延长了各探测器节点维护周期,节省了相应的人力和物力。A single chip contains the necessary components of 802.15.4 and ZigBee compatible systems, supports synchronous sleep and wake-up, effectively reduces power consumption, and consumes less energy components. Only two standard AA batteries can last Working for 6 months to two years, thus prolonging the maintenance cycle of each detector node and saving corresponding manpower and material resources.
综上所述,本实用新型可以采用CC2430芯片,CC2430芯片是一颗真正的系统芯片(SoC)CMOS解决方案,这种解决方案能够提高性能并满足以ZigBee为基础的2.4GHz ISM波段的应用对低成本、低功耗的要求。它包括了一个高性能的2.4GHz DSSS(直接序列扩频)射频收发核心和一颗工业级小巧高效的8051控制器。采用0.18umCMOS工艺生产,具有很高的集成度。工作时的电流损耗为27mA;在接收和发送模式下,电流损耗分别小于27mA或25mA。CC2430的休眠模式和转换到主动模式是的超短时间的性,特别适合那些要求电池寿命非常长的应用。该芯片体积小功率低,提供丰富的I/O,并具有很低的功耗。同时,它具有强大灵活的开发工具和启动引导功能,给程序的升级和维护提供了极大的方便,非常适合本实用新型使用。In summary, the utility model can adopt CC2430 chip, and CC2430 chip is a real system chip (SoC) CMOS solution, and this solution can improve performance and satisfy the application pair of 2.4GHz ISM wave band based on ZigBee Low cost, low power consumption requirements. It includes a high-performance 2.4GHz DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) RF transceiver core and an industrial-grade compact and efficient 8051 controller. Produced by 0.18um CMOS process, it has a high degree of integration. Current consumption during operation is 27mA; in receive and transmit modes, the current consumption is less than 27mA or 25mA, respectively. The CC2430's sleep mode and transition to active mode are ultra-short-time, especially suitable for applications that require very long battery life. The chip is small in size and low in power, provides abundant I/O, and has very low power consumption. At the same time, it has a powerful and flexible development tool and a start-up guidance function, which provides great convenience for program upgrading and maintenance, and is very suitable for the use of the utility model.
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