CN105694900A - Soil conditioner for soda alkali-saline soil - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for soda alkali-saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105694900A CN105694900A CN201610049086.6A CN201610049086A CN105694900A CN 105694900 A CN105694900 A CN 105694900A CN 201610049086 A CN201610049086 A CN 201610049086A CN 105694900 A CN105694900 A CN 105694900A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner for soda alkali-saline soil. The soil conditioner for soda alkali-saline soil comprises biochar, wood vinegar and cow dung, wherein the biochar is produced by carrying out thermal cracking and carbonizing on wastes for producing edible fungus. The biochar, the wood vinegar and the cow dung are applied as the soil conditioner before seeding of rice and corn, with a remarkable effect of improving the soda alkali-saline soil, such that the alkali-saline soil having a pH value being larger than 9 is conditioned into farmland available for cultivation, and therefore the yield of crops is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil conditioner, particularly relate to a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, belong to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil technical field, belong to again technical field of resource comprehensive utilization。
Background technology
Shi Ge populous nation of China, account for the 20% of world population, Asia population 33%。Although China's area occupy third place in the world, but 2/3 is mountain region, cultivated area and limited, and cultivated area 18.2574 hundred million mu, occupancy volume per person is low。Have a large population and a few land, grain in short supply, protection and exploitation cultivated land resource extremely urgent。By the impact of natural cause and mankind's activity, China's cultivated land resource is increasingly deficient。Therefore, the sustainable development of agricultural production and national economy is limited。
The salinization of soil is a kind of gradual environmental geological Hazard。There is all kinds of salt-soda soil about 100,000,000 hm in China2。Wherein, northwest drought, semiarid region is with sulfate or based on chloride-sulfate saline-alkali soil；Northeast is semiarid, subhumid is based on Soda saline and alkaline soils；Huang-Huai-Hai is semiarid, subhumid is based on chloride-sulfate or sulfate-chloride salt alkaline earth；Southeastern coast semi-moist, humid region based on strand chloride or sulfate acidity coastal saline-alkali soil。The Northeast's Saline-Sodic ground area is up to 765.7 ten thousand hm2, account for the 7.7% of salt-soda soil, the whole nation gross area。And song-Nen plain Saline-Sodic ground area is 233.3 ten thousand hm2, the 15.2% of the Zhan Gai district soil gross area, is one of large stretch of Soda saline and alkaline soils areal concentration, the world three。Owing to the salinization of soil causes hardening of soil, land fertility declines, and has had a strong impact on farm land quality。Although having carried out substantial amounts of control, achieving certain effect, but salinization of soil phenomenon still highlights。Due to the physicochemical properties that these salt-soda soils are special, majority is not suitable for development dry farming, thus becoming the expansion most important reserve land resources of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area。Reasonable development and utilize this land resource, deteriorating matter resource is superior resources, to guaranteeing that national food security is significant。The ameliorative measure of traditional saline-alkali soil generally has physically improved measure, including electric power improvement, soil moved in improve the original improvement and paving sand pressure alkali；Chemical modifying measure, improves alkaline earth or soda soil with chemical improvement agent；Hydraulic engineering ameliorative measure, is that the rule according to " salt comes with water, salt goes with water " carries out irrigating pressure salt or draining less salt；Agricultural improvement measure, including leveling land, rational tillage, foster and apply fertilizer press down salt, because of soil plantation and rice field-upland field rotation etc.；Biological control measure, including plantation halophytes and salt-resistant plant, green manuring, afforestation etc.。Traditional ameliorative measure exists that the amount of labour used is big, cost is high, the shortcoming of time-consuming length, it is impossible to is suitable for large-scale redevelopment saline-alkali soil, does not meet the quick demand of modern market agricultural production。
Biomass carbon refers to that biomass such as timber, agricultural waste material, plant tissue or animal skeleton etc. are under anaerobic environment wholly or in part and under relatively low temperature (< 700 DEG C) condition, through a kind of solid product that pyrolysis charring is formed, charcoal phosphorus content is enriched, have bigger porosity and specific surface area and there is height carboxylic esterification and aromatization structure, there is very strong adsorptivity and stability。Big quantity research shows, adds charcoal and can improve the content of soil organic matter, promotes the formation of soil aggregate, contribute to plant growing；Use biomass carbon to increase soil carbon and retain, reduce carbon emission, effectively slow down greenhouse effect。Result of study is had to show, biomass carbon is because of himself powerful adsorption, it is possible to effectively absorbs heavy metal in soil, pesticide, herbicide etc., is substantially reducing at the accumulation in crops, effectively reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area simultaneously, make contributions for China's grain security, food safety and ecological safety。
Auricularia originates in Northeast Forest Areas, has a long history。Tame early stage is with segment wood cultivated for major way, for over ten years, owing to the forest reserves are deficient, production cost and product tend to equivalent, thus turn to the cultivating in bag of low cost, but due to long-term plantation, contaminated bacteria bag is processed shortage by part cultivation family in addition should knowledge, causing Auricularia production base environment to be seriously damaged, therefore in exploitation recycling agaric fungus bags, the research of waste wood is also just increasingly subject to the attention of society。In recent years along with the volume of production of Auricularia quickly improves, the quantity of discarded agaric fungus bags is also being continuously increased。Due in agaric fungus bags waste wood effectively recycle cause serious environmental pollution。
The present invention is with the wood flour the like waste in agaric fungus bags for raw material, retort carries out carbonization process and makes biomass carbon, add, for substrate, the physicochemical property that feces of livestock and poultry improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils is bad with biomass carbon, the saline alkali of saline-alkali soil is reduced by the special construction of biomass carbon, reduce the saline-alkali soil soil weight, increase soil microorganism content and water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability, fundamentally improve the poor physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil, for promoting that agricultural sustainable development reaches the purpose that increases production and improves productivity。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, to improve soil saline alkali and soil compaction, thus ensureing the normal growth of crop。
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, including following component: biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure。
Wherein, described biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure weight ratio be 5:1:1-4。
Preferably, described biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure weight ratio be 5:1:4。
Wherein, described biological black wood charcoal is to prepare after biomass carbonated product raw material carries out thermal cracking carbonization under anaerobic。
Wherein, described thermal cracking carbonization temperature is 400～700 DEG C, and thermal cracking carbonization time is 2～3 hours。
Wherein, described biomass carbonated product raw material is the waste wood in agaric fungus bags。
The present invention also provides for the application in the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil of a kind of above-mentioned Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner。
In use, concrete application process is as follows: before crop is sowed, weigh biological black wood charcoal 0.75-15t ha respectively-1, wood vinegar 0.15-3t ha-1, cattle manure 0.15-12t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。
The advantage utilizing the Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner of the present invention is as follows:
(1) ploughing deeply mixed executing by high-power mechanical cultivation, ploughing deeply the degree of depth is 30-40cm, is directly applied by biomass carbon in saline and alkaline soil layer, fundamentally improves the physical behavior of saline and alkaline soil layer, improves ventilative, water-retaining property。
(2) present invention makes charcoal with the wood flour the like waste in agaric fungus bags for raw material, there is specific surface area big, the features such as hole is abundant, have extremely strong absorbability, after being manured into soil to water, fertilizer etc., substantial amounts of organic matter can be provided, not only can significantly reduce the leaching loss phenomenon of fertilizer, extend fertilizer efficiency and improve utilization rate of fertilizer, permeable, the breathability of soil can be increased simultaneously, reducing the soil weight, its abundant hole can be effectively increased soil microorganism living environment and quantity。
(3) wood vinegar contains low molecular organic acids, neutralizes alkali with acid, and efficiently the pressure salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, can effectively solve after being manured into soil and suppress alkalization of soils phenomenon, improveing the chemical property of saline and alkaline soil layer。
(4) cost of material is low, easy to operation, will not contaminated soil and environment, organic carbon can be fixed in soil for a long time simultaneously, effectively reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment further describe the present invention, advantages of the present invention and feature will be with describe and apparent。But these embodiments are only exemplary, the scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction。It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and the details of technical solution of the present invention and form can be modified or replace lower without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement each fall within protection scope of the present invention。
Embodiment 1
To carry out carbonization in anaerobic, the retort of 400～700 DEG C after air-dry for waste wood in agaric fungus bags or dry in the sun, thermal cracking carbonization time is 2～3 hours, obtains biological black wood charcoal。The application process utilizing Auricularia fungus garbage biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils is: in salinity 0.5%, pH value is in the soil of 8.33, by weight weighing biological black wood charcoal 10t ha respectively for 5:1:4 before corn seeding-1, wood vinegar 2t ha-1With cattle manure 8t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。
After using biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure, can substantially observe that the salt content of soil surface substantially reduces compared with the control, the emergence rate of Semen Maydis and survival rate are to more than 80%, emergence rate without the soil Semen Maydis using biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure only has 40%, and growing way is uneven。The soil weight is by the 1.29g cm compareed-3It is reduced to 1.16g cm-3, the soluble-salt content of soil is by the 6.48g kg compareed-1It is reduced to 5.31g kg-1Reducing 18.1%, pH value is reduced to 7.95 from 8.33 and reduces 0.38, the Na of soil+Also reducing accordingly Deng salt ion, corn yield improves 15%。
Embodiment 2
To carry out carbonization in anaerobic, the retort of 400～700 DEG C after air-dry for waste wood in agaric fungus bags or dry in the sun, thermal cracking carbonization time is 2～3 hours, obtains biological black wood charcoal。The application process utilizing Auricularia fungus garbage biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils is: in salinity 0.5%, pH value is in the soil of 8.33, by weight weighing biological black wood charcoal 0.75t ha respectively for 5:1:1 before corn seeding-1, wood vinegar 0.15t ha-1With cattle manure 0.15t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。Applying the farmland corn emergence rate of biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure and survival rate up to more than 60%, the soluble organic fraction content of soil reduces 2.3%, and pH value reduces by 0.06, and salting stain area greatly reduces。
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is ibid。This utilizes the application process of Auricularia fungus garbage biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils to be: in salinity 0.5%, pH value is in the soil of 8.33, by weight weighing biological black wood charcoal 2.5t ha respectively for 5:1:2 before corn seeding-1, wood vinegar 0.5t ha-1With cattle manure 1.0t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。Applying the emergence rate of the farmland corn of biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.1, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil reduces 7.2%。
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is ibid。This utilizes the application process of Auricularia fungus garbage biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils to be: in salinity 0.5%, pH value is in the soil of 8.33, by weight weighing biological black wood charcoal 5.0t ha respectively for 5:1:3 before corn seeding-1, wood vinegar 1.0t ha-1With cattle manure 3.0t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。Applying the emergence rate of the farmland corn of biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.18, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil reduces 12.8%, salting stain phenomenon does not almost occur。
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of biological black wood charcoal is ibid。This utilizes the application process of Auricularia fungus garbage biomass carbonated product improvement Soda saline and alkaline soils to be: in salinity 0.5%, pH value is in the soil of 8.33, by weight weighing biological black wood charcoal 7.5t ha respectively for 5:1:4 before corn seeding-1, wood vinegar 1.5t ha-1With cattle manure 6.0t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。Applying the emergence rate of the farmland corn of biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure and survival rate up to more than 70%, pH value reduces by 0.27, and the soluble organic fraction content of soil reduces 14.6%, salting stain phenomenon does not almost occur。
The present invention mix with cattle manure with biological black wood charcoal increases the soil organism, improves Soil structure, with in wood vinegar and alkaline, thus improveing Soda saline and alkaline soils。By adopting Auricularia fungus garbage carbonizing production biology black wood charcoal, mix with wood vinegar, cattle manure, carry out field test, it was demonstrated that its good action to alkaline land soil improvement and corn growth and yield, propose biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure and make soil conditioner, Joint genetic improvement saline-alkali soil。This soil conditioner has following several respects effect: 1. reduce soda alkaline land topsoil soils salinity and pH value；2. reduce the soil weight, improve Soil structure, promote crop root healthy growth；3. the synergy of biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar and cattle manure improves emergence rate and the survival rate of crop, thus improving crop yield；4. achieving agricultural wastes biomass circulating to utilize, cost is low, it is possible to develop into the extensive practical technique administered and improve Soda saline and alkaline soils soil。
Claims (8)
1. a Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner, it is characterised in that include following component: biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure。
2. Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure weight ratio be 5:1:1-4。
3. Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described biological black wood charcoal, wood vinegar, cattle manure weight ratio be 5:1:4。
4. the Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described biological black wood charcoal is to prepare after biomass carbonated product raw material carries out thermal cracking carbonization under anaerobic。
5. Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described thermal cracking carbonization temperature is 400～700 DEG C, thermal cracking carbonization time is 2～3 hours。
6. Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described biomass carbonated product raw material is the waste wood in agaric fungus bags。
7. the Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 1 application in the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil。
8. the application of Soda saline and alkaline soils soil conditioner according to claim 7, it is characterised in that application process is as follows: before crop is sowed, weighs biological black wood charcoal 0.75-15t ha respectively-1, wood vinegar 0.15-3t ha-1, cattle manure 0.15-12t ha-1Soil conditioner is made in mixing, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, then ploughs deeply degree of depth 30-40cm, so as to be sufficiently mixed with soil。
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108727108A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-02 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of charcoal based modifier and preparation method thereof of improvement coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN110016355A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-16 | 南京三聚生物质新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbonated method and utilize soil conditioner made from this method |
| CN110041935A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-23 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | For the compound bio charcoal of soil improvement, soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110663504A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Urban garden soil improvement method |
| CN111019668A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe soda saline-alkali soil dry farming agricultural soil conditioner |
| CN111073659A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Carbon-based soil conditioner for heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN113416550A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 南京勤丰秸杆科技有限公司 | Solid-liquid cooperative soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and application method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108727108A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-02 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of charcoal based modifier and preparation method thereof of improvement coastal saline-alkali soil |
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| CN113416550A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 南京勤丰秸杆科技有限公司 | Solid-liquid cooperative soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and application method thereof |
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