CN105691222B - 一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置 - Google Patents
一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105691222B CN105691222B CN201510960481.5A CN201510960481A CN105691222B CN 105691222 B CN105691222 B CN 105691222B CN 201510960481 A CN201510960481 A CN 201510960481A CN 105691222 B CN105691222 B CN 105691222B
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Iron(II) fumarate Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
本发明涉及电动汽车领域，具体涉及一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括设置在汽车底盘中央的电能接收端，设置在停车位中央、地面之下的电能发射端，其特征在于：所述的电能接收端包括接收电磁铁组件、控制接收电磁铁组件左右方向平移的X轴电机、控制接收电磁铁组件前后方向平移的Y轴电机和控制接收电磁铁组件上下方向位移的Z轴电机；所述的电能发射端包括发射电磁铁组件；所述的接收电磁铁组件与发射电磁铁组件间隙相对。与现有技术相比，本发明工程量小、易于实现、智能化、人性化特点，而且节省时间，大大提高了充电效率。
Description
一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及电动汽车领域，具体涉及一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无 线充电装置，实现电动汽车高效充电。
背景技术
[0002] 发展电动汽车，是世界公认的缓解能源短缺和环境污染的有效策略，而对于我国 又显得至关重要。以我国的石油消耗为例，2009年石油净进口量约2.04亿吨，进口依存度达 52%，远超过国际警戒线标准35%。其中车用燃油消耗占总石油消耗的1/3。因此，开发、推广 汽车代用燃料和电动汽车，降低燃料消耗，对缓解我国环境污染、保障能源安全和供给以及 国家的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。
[0003] 因实现了零排放、技术相对成熟和经济性较好，由蓄电池供电的纯电动汽车 【Electric Vehicle, EV】成为各国政府鼓励、各汽车生产商大力发展的环保车型受动力电 池容量的限制，目EV的续驶里程较短，电池充电站的建设成为制约EV应用、发展的最大瓶颈 为此，各国均大力进行充电站建设来推动EV的应用。
[0004] 动力电池的电气充电方法包括接触式充电和无线充电【Wireless Power Transmission, WPT】JPT便于实现无人自动充电和移动式充电，在保证所需行驶里程的前 提下，可通过频繁充电来大幅减少EV配备的动力电池容量，减轻车体重量，提高能量的有效 利用率，推进EV的市场化。
[0005] 与接触式充电相比，WPT使用方便、安全，无火花及触电危险，无积尘和接触损耗， 无机械磨损和相应的维护问题，可适应多种恶劣环境和天气。尽管WPT具有上述的众多优 点，但其相对于接触式供电存在的低效率问题制约了其应用，也为研发人员带来了挑战。
[0006] 现有的电动汽车汽车在限位杆的作用下虽然能大致使发射端和接收端两者对齐， 但是对现有的无线充电技术来讲，发射电磁铁组件和接收电磁铁组件之间的位置偏移对效 率影响较大。再者，限位杆并不能为电动汽车的左右位置提供约束，而且不一样型号的电动 汽车的长短宽窄是不一样的。所以，将电动汽车停在车位上发射电磁铁组件和接收电磁铁 组件发生偏移的情况占大多数。
发明内容
[0007] 针对电动汽车无线充电效率低下、对位偏移的问题，以及现有的位置调节技术的 缺点和不足，本发明提出了一种设计合理、工程量小、易于实现、节省成本、智能化程度高、 能够自动调节接收电磁铁组件的位置，从而获得最大充电效率的电动汽车无线充电装置。
[0008] 本发明采取的技术方案是:一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装 置，包括设置在汽车底盘中央的电能接收端1-1，设置在停车位中央、地面之下的电能发射 端2-1，其特征在于:所述的电能接收端包括接收电磁铁组件7、控制接收电磁铁组件左右方 向平移的X轴电机2、控制接收电磁铁组件前后方向平移的Y轴电机3和控制接收电磁铁组件 上下方向位移的Z轴电机4;所述的电能发射端包括发射电磁铁组件8;所述的接收电磁铁组 件7与发射电磁铁组件8间隙相对。
[0009] 进一步地，所述的电能接收端1-1还包括若干个排成阵列并设置在接收电磁铁组 件7上的超声波探头6、通过第一谐振电容15与接收电磁铁组件7相连的高频整流单元12、通 过滤波电容16与高频整流单元12相连的蓄电池13、通过电池电压和充电电流检测单元14与 蓄电池13相连的第一 ARM芯片11;所述的电能发射端2-1还包括一个设置在发射电磁铁组件 8中央的超声波探头6、通过第二谐振电容15与发射电磁铁组件8相连的高频逆变器24、与高 频逆变器24相连的升降压斩波电路23、通过功率因数补偿电容25与升降压斩波电路23相连 的单相桥式不控整流单元22、分别通过PWM波与升降压斩波电路23和高频逆变器24相连的 第二ARM芯片21，单相桥式不控整流单元22接入22〇V交流电源，第二ARM芯片21与第一 ARM芯 片11通过无线信号通讯。
[0010] 进一步地，所述的x轴电机2、Y轴电机3和Z轴电机4均为内部驱动式丝杆步进电机， Z轴电机4与电动汽车1的底盘固接，Z轴电机的电机轴41下端固接第一连板42,第一连板42 滑动连接可相对于第一连板42前后平移的第二连板32;Y轴电机3与第一连板42固接，Y轴电 机的电机轴31前端固接第二连板32;第二连板32滑动连接可相对于第二连板32左右平移的 第三连板52;X轴电机2与第二连板32固接，X轴电机的电机轴51左端固接第三连板52;第三 连板52的下端固接连杆5。
[0011] 进一步地，所述的高频整流单元12采用快恢复二极管。
[0012] 进一步地，所述的蓄电池13采用三段式充电电路。
[0013]进一步地，所述的发射电磁铁组件8采用磁芯在下、线圈在上的结构，接收电磁铁 组件7采用磁芯在上、线圈在下的结构，且无论是发射电磁铁组件8还是接收电磁铁组件7的 磁芯为方形、线圈为圆形。
[0014]与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
[0015] 1 •电动汽车无线充电装置已经有很多形式了，本发明发现了现有的装置的一些 不足，提出了一种新颖的自动对位方法。如果让安装在地面上的发射电磁铁组件8平移、升 降，首先安装在地面以下的控制设备就很多，因为发射电磁铁组件8—般是非常重的；其次 地面以下的空间也要大得多，不仅是埋一个线圈那么简单。相比而言，接收电磁铁组件一般 比较小，移动起来方便，而且控制装置可以嵌在汽车底盘上，具有工程量小、易于实现、智能 化等优点，具有很强的现实意义。
[0016] 2 •现在一般的停车位都有限位杆，但是在限位杆的作用下只能做到发射电磁铁 组件8和接收电磁铁组件大致对齐，何况停车位左右方向并没有限位装置，所以很容易发生 左右偏移;再者，不一样型号的汽车底盘是不一样的，而停车位并不能做到只给某一个型号 的车设置。所以，本装置完美的解决了这些问题，在一定的偏移范围内，接收电磁铁组件可 以自主平移，在超声波探头6的检测下自动与发射电磁铁组件8对齐，具有智能化、人性化特 点，而且节省时间，比人工刻意的去移动车辆使两线圈对齐方便快捷的多。
[0017] 3•在现有的技术条件下，电动汽车无线充电最大的制约瓶颈还是充电效率问题。 一般情况下，发射端和接收端距离越远充电效率越低，但是汽车底盘的高度是有一定要求 的，不能过于低，而且越野车的底盘就更高了。所以，要在高底盘的车上采用无线充电，就必 须拉近发射端和接收端的距离。本装置采用步进电机控制接收电磁铁组件的升降，并采用 超声波探头6检测两者的距离，充电的时候将接收电磁铁组件降到合适的位置，大大提高了 充电效率。
附图说明
[0018]图1是本发明的结构示意图。
[0019]图2是图1中虚圈处的局部结构放大图。
[0020] 图3是本发明的电路示意图。
[0021] 图4是ARM芯片对步进电机的控制示意图。
具体实施方式
[0022]下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
[0023] 一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电系统，由地面固定端【电能发 射端2-1】和车载端【电能接收端1-1】组成。所述电能发射端由220V交流电源、功率因数补偿 电容25、单相桥式不控整流单元22、滤波电路、升降压斩波电路23、高频逆变器24以及谐振 电容26和发射电磁铁组件8、超声波探头6组成，220V市电经单相桥式不控整流单元22和滤 波之后变为稳定直流，再接入升降压斩波电路23改变直流电压，所述升降压斩波电路23的 开关管的驱动信号由第二ARM芯片21控制，其设置是为了能够控制充电功率，不仅可以保护 电池，而且可以使充电效率时时刻刻保持在一个较高的水平;然后直流电压经过高频逆变 器24,得到的高频交流使发射电磁铁组件8和功率因数补偿电容25谐振。所述发射端固定在 地面下，发射电磁铁组件8中央还固定有一个超声波探头6,超声波探头发射的超声波由安 装在接收端的若干个超声波探头6接收，发射和接收的时间差由第一 ARM芯片计算，从而得 出距离信息。超声波探头主要由压电晶片组成，既可以发射超声波，也可以接收超声波。超 声波探头是利用超声波的特性研制而成的传感器。超声波是一种振动频率高于声波的机械 波，由换能晶片在电压的激励下发生振动产生的，之所以选用是超声波探头而非红外传感 器、霍尔传感器以及CCD成像传感器等检测方案，原因在于超声波具有具有频率高、波长短、 绕射现象小，特别是方向性好、能够成为射线而定向传播等特点。超声波对液体、固体的穿 透本领很大，尤其是在阳光不透明的固体中，它可穿透几十米的深度，不易受千扰的优点， 而且可以同时完成测距和定位工作。
[0024] 所述电能接收端1-1包括接收电磁铁组件7、5个排成阵列的超声波探头6、线圈移 动控制单元、第一 ARM芯片11高频整流单元12、蓄电池13、电池电压和充电电流检测单元14、 谐振电容15以及滤波电容16。电能发射端2-1的发射电磁铁组件8中心固定的超声波探头发 射超声波，在电能接收端的接收电磁铁组件7的中心和四个角上分别固定一个超声波探头， 四个角上的超声波探头6是用来检测发射端和接收端偏移的，中心的那个超声波探头6是检 测发射端和接收端距离的。
[0025] 超声波探头6接收到的声波信号被转换成电信号后传递给第一 ARM芯片11，第一 ARM芯片11检测这四个电信号并判断其大小、强弱，根据电信号的大小、强弱判断接收电磁 铁组件偏离发射电磁铁组件8的方向，从而给出X轴电机和Y轴电机的驱动信号，驱动信号传 递给线圈移动控制单元，线圈移动控制单元控制X轴电机和Y轴电机在X、Y两个方向上移动， 直到接收电磁铁组件7与发射电磁铁组件8对齐，此时接收电磁铁组件7上固定的四个超声 波探头6检测到的声波强度差值应该在设定范围内；然后，所述第一ARM芯片11给线圈移动 控制单元发出升降信号，控制Z轴电机将接收端降落到合适的距离，此距离仍然由超声波探 头6测定;然后，第一 ARM芯片11通过无线通信与第二ARM芯片21通讯，控制开放继电器，开始 无线充电。所述接收端接收到高频电能之后经过高频整流、滤波，就可以对电池进行充电。 电池充电过程中要对电池的充电电压电流实时监测，并通过无线通信传输到发射端，实时 调整发射端的功率，即保护电池又保证充电效率。充电结束后，第一ARM芯片11通过第二ARM 芯片21控制电能发射端的继电器断电，第一ARM芯片11同时发出与以上过程正好相反的指 令给线圈移动控制单元，使电能接收端升至汽车底盘上并固定。
[0026] 所述第二ARM芯片21还产生升降压斩波电路23和高频逆变电器24需要的PWM波。 [0027]所述高频整流单元12采用快恢复二极管来满足高频整流的要求。
[0028]所述蓄电池充电采用三段式充电电路，安装有霍尔电流传感器和电压传感器，实 时监测充电电压电流并送入第一 ARM芯片11进行判断和控制。
[0029]所述发射电磁铁组件8采用磁芯在下、线圈在上的结构，接收电磁铁组件7采用磁 芯在上、线圈在下的结构，且磁芯为方形，线圈为圆形。
[0030]整个系统的大致工作过程为:220V市电经单相桥式不控整流单元22和滤波之后变 为稳定直流，再接入升降压斩波电路23改变直流电压，所述升降压斩波电路23的开关管的 驱动信号由发射端ARM芯片控制，其设置是为了能够控制充电功率，不仅可以保护电池，而 且可以使充电效率时时刻刻保持在一个较高的水平;然后直流电压经过高频逆变电器24， 得到的高频交流使发射电磁铁组件8和补偿电容谐振。发射电磁铁组件8的谐振频率和接收 端是一样的，所以电能传送到接收端，这时接收端得到的是高频交流电，高频交流经过高频 整流和滤波之后变为稳定直流，经过一个继电器之后为电动汽车动力电池充电。
[0031]实际中，如图2所示，X轴电机和Y轴电机控制接收端水平移动，Z轴电机控制接收端 垂直移动。步进电动机是一种将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件。步进电动 机的输入量是脉冲序列，输出量则为相应的增量位移或步进运动。由于步进电动机能直接 接受数字量的控制，所以特别适宜采用微机进行控制。
[0032]步进电机的控制如图4所示。步进电机将输入的数字脉冲转换成电机轴的输出角 度，每个脉冲使转轴转动一个步距角。步进电机的转速高低，取决于输入到步进电机的脉冲 频率的高低。步进电机驱动器主要包括环形分配器和功率放大器两部分。其中环形分配器 又称脉冲分配器，它根据运行指令按一定的逻辑关系分配脉冲，通过功率放大器加到步进 电机的各相绕组，使步进电机按一定的方式运行，并实现正、反转控制和定位控制。由于输 出的功率极小，只有几毫安电流，而步进电机相绕组一般需要几安至十几安的电流脉冲电 流幅值直接影响步进电机的转矩大小，所以脉冲分配器不能直接驱动步进电机工作，必须 通过功率放大器进行放大，才能给步进电机各相绕组提供足够的电流。对步进电机的控制 需要加入位置检测装置形成闭环，这样才能更精准的控制步进电机的运动。
[0033]当电动汽车驶入停车位，在限位杆10的位置停下，车主发出充电信号之后，车载端 的ARM芯片与地面端进行通信，使地面端ARM芯片发出控制信号，在驱动电路的驱动下，地面 超声波发射装置开始发射超声波，同时安装在接收电磁铁组件四周的四个超声波探头6开 始检测超声波，在接收端的四个角上的超声波接收装置接收超声波并转换成电信号，车载 端ARM芯片检测这四个电信号并判断其大小，根据电信号的大小判断接收电磁铁组件偏离 发射电磁铁组件8的方向，从而给出X轴电机和Y轴电机的驱动信号，步进电机与电能接收端 采用连杆5连接，这样可以让电能接收端按照设定的轨道12上在X、Y两个方向上移动，直到 发射端和接收端对齐，或者找到四个超声波探头6检测到的声波强度差值在设定范围$的 位置，然后，ARM控制器给出升降信号，控制Z轴电机将接收端降落到合适的距离，此距离由 发射端的超声波探头6和安装在接收电磁铁组件中央的超声波探头6测定，如图2所示。线圈 位置调整结束后，两片ARM芯片进行通信，关闭超声波探头6，接收端ARM开通继电器，开始无 线充电。
[0034]无线充电过程中，在电动汽车动力电池的充电单元上安装了霍尔电流传感器和电 压传感器，实时监测充电电压和电流，并送入车载端ARM芯片进行无线传输到地面端ARM，地 面端ARM实时判断充电电压和电流的大小，并合适的调整升降压电路的PWM波的占空比，调 节输入功率。比如充电电流过大，就减小占空比使升降压电路输出电压降低，减小充电 电流到合适的值。这样做不仅保护了电池的寿命，而且保证了充电的效率，即便是涓流阶段 也会保证较高的充电效率。
[0035] 充电过程结束之后，ARM芯片发出断电指令，继电器断开，停止充电。此时，车载端 ARM芯片发出脉冲序列并发出相反的方向信号，使接收电磁铁组件回到原来的位置，并由 固定装置固定。至此，电动汽车无线充电就完成了。相比于现有的装置，本发明具有结构清 晰、可靠性强、工程量小、智能化的优点，并且节约能源，绿色环保，具有很强的实用价值。
Claims (4)
1. 一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括设置在汽车底盘中央 的电能接收端(1-1)，设置在停车位中央、地面之下的电能发射端(2-1)，其特征在于:所述 的电能接收端包括接收电磁铁组件(7)、控制接收电磁铁组件左右方向平移的X轴电机(2)、 控制接收电磁铁组件前后方向平移的Y轴电机(3)和控制接收电磁铁组件上下方向位移的Z 轴电机(4);所述的电能发射端包括发射电磁铁组件(8);所述的接收电磁铁组件(7)与发射 电磁铁组件(8)间隙相对;所述的X轴电机(2)、Y轴电机(3)和Z轴电机⑷均为内部驱动式丝 杆步进电机，Z轴电机(4)与电动汽车（1)的底盘固接，Z轴电机的电机轴(41)下端固接第一 连板(42)，第一连板(42)滑动连接可相对于第一连板(42)前后平移的第二连板(32) ;Y轴电 机⑶与第一连板(42)固接，Y轴电机的电机轴(31)前端固接第二连板(32);第二连板(32) 滑动连接可相对于第二连板(32)左右平移的第三连板(52) ;X轴电机(2)与第二连板(32)固 接，X轴电机的电机轴(51)左端固接第三连板(52);第三连板(52)的下端固接连杆(5);所述 的电能接收端（1-1)还包括若干个排成阵列并设置在接收电磁铁组件(7)上的超声波探头 (6)、通过第一谐振电容（15)与接收电磁铁组件(7)相连的高频整流单元（12)、通过滤波电 容（16)与高频整流单元（12)相连的蓄电池（13)、通过电池电压和充电电流检测单元（14)与 蓄电池（13)相连的第一ARM芯片（11);所述的电能发射端(2-1)还包括一个设置在发射电磁 铁组件(8)中央的超声波探头(6)、通过第二谐振电容（15)与发射电磁铁组件(8)相连的高 频逆变器（24)、与高频逆变器（24)相连的升降压斩波电路（23)、通过功率因数补偿电容 (25)与升降压斩波电路(23)相连的单相桥式不控整流单元(22)、分别通过PWM波与升降压 斩波电路(23)和高频逆变器(24)相连的第二ARM芯片（21)，单相桥式不控整流单元(2¾接 入220V交流电源，第二ARM芯片(21)与第一ARM芯片（11)通过无线信号通讯。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置，其 特征在于:所述的高频整流单元(12)采用快恢复二极管。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置，其 特征在于:所述的蓄电池(13)采用三段式充电电路。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种接收电磁铁组件位置可调的电动汽车无线充电装置，其 特征在于:所述的发射电磁铁组件(8)采用磁芯在下、线圈在上的结构，接收电磁铁组件(7) 采用磁芯在上、线圈在下的结构，且无论是发射电磁铁组件(8)还是接收电磁铁组件(7)的 磁芯为方形、线圈为圆形。
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| CN109774503A (zh) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-05-21 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种电动汽车无线充电车位及其充电方法 |
| CN110422072A (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-11-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种用于新能源汽车无线充电的自动调偏装置 |
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