CN105691183B - 驱动装置、机动车、方法 - Google Patents

驱动装置、机动车、方法 Download PDF

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CN105691183B
CN105691183B CN201510921479.7A CN201510921479A CN105691183B CN 105691183 B CN105691183 B CN 105691183B CN 201510921479 A CN201510921479 A CN 201510921479A CN 105691183 B CN105691183 B CN 105691183B
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S.豪贝尔
F.施奈德
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18054—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动装置（1），所述驱动装置：具有至少一个驱动机（2、3）；具有与所述机动车的至少一个车轮（7）共同作用的驻车制动装置（8）；并且具有用于操纵所述驻车制动装置（8）的操作元件（9）。规定驻车制动装置（8）具有：至少一个带有多个永磁体的电机（3），所述多个永磁体产生电机（3）的与转角相关的止动力矩；以及具有多个档的变速器（5），所述电机（3）通过变速器与至少一个车轮（7）能作用连接/作用连接，其中，变速器（5）具有一带有这样的传动比的驻车制动档，该传动比在挂入驻车制动档时通过所述止动力矩锁止车轮（7）。

Description

驱动装置、机动车、方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动装置，所述驱动装置：具有至少一个驱动机；具有一与所述机动车的至少一个车轮共同作用的驻车制动装置，并且具有用于操纵所述驻车制动装置的至少一个操作元件。
此外，本发明涉及一种具有这类驱动装置的机动车以及一种用于运行所述驱动装置或机动车的方法。
背景技术
由现有技术原则上公开了开篇所提到的形式的驱动装置。为了驱动所述机动车，机动车一般具有至少一个驱动机，该驱动机与机动车的车轮作用连接或能作用连接。为了将机动车尤其在驻车时保持在静止状态中，此外已知的是，机动车设有一驻车制动装置，该驻车制动装置在需要时被激活，以便持续地以尽可能小的能量耗费保持所述机动车。在此，为了显示预期的驻车状态给使用者提供了一操作元件，在该操作元件被操纵时激活驻车制动装置。常规的驻车制动装置配属给机动车的制动系统并且例如具有能电动式或液压式操纵的致动器，这些致动器在它们被操纵时造成机动车车轮的摩擦配合式的锁止。因此例如已知的是，在车轮制动装置中设置一附加的致动器，该附加的致动器在操纵所述操作元件时使制动颚板以电动方式朝着制动盘移动并在那里例如通过自锁的变速器保持。
发明内容
根据本发明的驱动装置具有下述特征：所述驻车制动装置具有：至少一个带有多个永磁体的电机，所述多个永磁体产生所述电机的与转子的转角相关的止动力矩；以及具有多个档的变速器，所述电机通过所述变速器与所述至少一个车轮能作用连接和/或作用连接，其中，所述变速器具有一带有这样的传动比的驻车制动档，该传动比在挂入驻车制动档时通过所述止动力矩锁止所述车轮。具有上述特征的、根据本发明的驱动装置具有这样的优点，即，没有附加的部件必须被附加到机动车的制动系统上，以便以小的能量消耗实现驻车制动功能。根据本发明规定所述驻车制动装置具有:至少一个带有多个永磁体的电机，多个永磁体产生与转角相关的止动力矩;以及一具有多个档的变速器，所述电机通过该变速器与至少一个车轮能作用连接，其中，该变速器具有一带有这样的传动比的驻车制动档，该传动比在挂入驻车制动档时通过所述电机的止动力矩锁止至少一个车轮。从而由此充分利用了具有永磁体的电机的典型行为，其中与电机的转子的当前转角相关地通过永磁体产生止动力矩。该止动力矩现在根据本发明被用于实现驻车制动功能。由此，所述驱动装置的车轮的锁止通过变速器进行，该变速器借助于驻车制动档在电机的止动力矩上受支撑。作为电机例如可以使用所述驱动装置的发电机，该发电机否则在正常的行驶运行中被驱动，以便产生电能。术语“锁止”因此可被理解为车轮的固定。当挂入驻车制动档时，例如存在作用连接。
但是优选地规定，电机是所述驱动机或者是所述机动车的多个驱动机中的一个驱动机。由此，在正常运行中可以借助于电机提供一转矩，该转矩用于驱动所述机动车。在此，通过电机提供的转矩借助于变速器被传递到机动车的或驱动装置的至少一个车轮上。如果借助于所述操作元件显示出一驻车制动预期，那么电机就被停用，从而使得所述变速器可以借助于驻车制动档在如前面已经描述过的那样的电机的止动力矩上受支撑，用于锁止至少一个车轮。
根据本发明的一优选的改进方案规定，所述驻车制动档具有这样的传动比，该传动比具有i>1的传动比关系。由此可以通过所述驻车制动档可靠接收沿纵向方向或沿行驶方向或逆着行驶方向作用到机动车上的力并保证所述至少一个车轮的锁止。
此外优选地规定，所述驻车制动档具有比所述变速器的最小的前进档更高的传动比关系。因此，所述驻车制动档尤其具有所述变速器的最大的传动比关系，由此当机动车例如在一个坡道上驻车时，通过挂入所述驻车制动档也保证了所述机动车的至少一个车轮的可靠锁止。
特别优选地规定，所述制动档相应于变速器的最小的前进档。在驱动情况下可以通过挂入小档来将特别高的转矩施加到所述至少一个车轮上。在驻车制动情况下可以然后相应地通过电机的止动力矩可靠地接收作用到所述车轮上的高转矩。
根据本发明的一优选的改进方案规定，所述变速器构造为换档变速器、尤其是构造为自动的换档变速器。尤其以如下方式构造所述变速器，即，至少所述驻车制动档自动地能挂入和被挂入，如果操纵了所述操作元件的话。替代地可以规定，所述变速器构造为具有能无级地调节的传动比的变速器。
根据本发明的一有利的改进方案规定，所述驱动装置的至少一个驱动机构造为内燃机。于是在该情况下，驱动装置在所述电机之外还具有至少所述内燃机作为其它的驱动机。于是电机可以在机动车的行驶运行中通过内燃机例如被驱动，以便发电机式地产生电能。
此外优选地规定，所述驻车制动装置具有一控制设备，该控制设备监控所述操作元件的操纵状态，并且在检测到所述操纵元件被操纵时操控所述变速器来挂入所述驻车制动档并且关断所述电机。在随后调整的状态下，所述机动车的至少一个车轮如上面已经描述的那样被可靠地锁止。
根据本发明的机动车的特征在于根据本发明的驱动装置。其由此给出了已经提到的优点。其它特征和优点从前面的描述以及其他技术方案中获得。
根据本发明的方法的特征在于，在操纵所述操作元件时挂入所述驻车制动档并且关断所述电机。由此获得了已经提到的优点。其它特征和优点从前面的描述以及其他技术方案中获得。
附图说明
下面应借助于附图详细阐述本发明。为此，
唯一的附图以简化视图示出了机动车的驱动装置。
具体实施方式
附图以简化视图示出了在这里未详细示出的机动车的驱动装置1。该驱动装置1具有作为驱动机的内燃机2以及电机3，其中，所述电机3显然也能够发电机式地运行。所述内燃机2能够通过一能操纵的离合器4与一变速器5作用连接或能够与其分开。变速器5构造为自动的换档变速器，其具有多个能挂入的档，这些档具有不同的传动比级或者说传动比关系。借助于变速器5，内燃机2与机动车的驱动车桥6连接，该驱动车桥具有两个驱动车轮7，这两个驱动车轮与行驶车道作用连接。由内燃机2产生的转动力矩由此通过闭合的离合器4、变速器5和车轮7被传递到行驶车道上。驱动车轮7的转速和转矩在此通过变速器5的所选择的档被影响。
此外，电机3尤其在输入侧上直接与所述变速器5作用连接。电机3的转子轴由此抗扭地与变速器5的输入轴连接。在马达式的运行中，电机3产生这样的转矩，该转矩对于内燃机2辅助式地起作用，在发电机式的运行中产生这样的转矩，该转矩必须由内燃机通过提高内燃机转矩来补偿或能够至少被补偿，以便维持从驱动车轮传递到行驶车道上的转矩。
此外，所述驱动装置1具有一驻车制动装置8。该驻车制动装置目前由一操作元件9、一控制设备10、所述电机3和所述变速器5构成。所述操作元件9在机动车的内部空间中以如下方式布置，即，该操作元件能够由使用者，尤其是由该机动车的驾驶员操纵。所述操作元件9可以构造和布置为独立的操纵开关。替代地也可以考虑，所述操作元件9是用于变速器5的选档杆。如果使用者操纵所述操作元件9，其方式是该使用者例如操纵换档元件或将选档杆置入一驻车位置“P”中，那么该使用者告知驱动装置1他的预期，即将机动车1保持在其现在的位置上，或者说锁止。
所述控制设备10检测该驻车制动预期并以如下方式操控所述变速器5，即，该变速器挂入一驻车制动档，就像在图中通过变速器中的虚线示出的那样。所述驻车制动档具有i>1的传动比关系，从而使得变速器5的输入轴的转速大于变速器的与驱动车轮7作用连接的从动轴的转速。尤其规定，所述驻车制动档的传动比关系是换档变速器的所有档的最大传动比，从而使得理论上在挂入驻车制动档时能够在驱动车轮7上以低转速产生最高可能的转矩。就此而言，所述驻车制动档可以根据一个实施例相应于最高传动比的档。但是优选地，所述驻车制动档被构造为变速器5的独立的传动比级。控制设备10造成所述变速器5挂入所述驻车制动档，所述控制设备此外引起电机3被关断。所述电机3具有多个分散布置在启动器和/或转子上的永磁体，这些永磁体引起电机3与转子的转角位置相关地具有不同大小的止动力矩，该止动力矩必须在发电机式的运行中通过内燃机2来克服。在使用者因此已操纵了所述操作元件9时的驻车制动情况下，内燃机2和电机3被关断，从而使得通过驱动机没有提供能够克服电机3的止动力矩的转矩。通过挂入变速器5的驻车制动档此外实现了作用到车轮7上的力同样不能克服所述电机3的止动力矩。因此，车轮7的整个驱动系经由变速器5在电机3上受支撑。由此，车轮7借助于电机3和变速器5可靠地锁止，从而使得机动车即使在坡道上也可靠地保持静止或保持固定。
驻车制动档的传动比的大小尤其与电机3的最大止动力矩的大小相关地被确定，从而使得机动车可以至少直到一个能预先给定的最小坡道而被可靠地保持，机动车被停放在该最小坡道上。

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车 的驱动装置（1），所述驱动装置：具有至少一个驱动机（2、3）；具有与所述机动车的至少一个车轮（7）共同作用的驻车制动装置（8）；并且具有用于操纵所述驻车制动装置（8）的操作元件（9），其特征在于，所述驻车制动装置（8）具有：至少一个带有多个永磁体的电机（3），所述多个永磁体产生所述电机（3）的与转子的转角相关的止动力矩；以及具有多个档的变速器（5），所述电机（3）通过所述变速器与所述至少一个车轮（7）能作用连接和/或作用连接，其中，所述变速器（5）具有一带有这样的传动比的驻车制动档，该传动比在挂入驻车制动档时通过所述止动力矩锁止所述车轮（7）。
2.按照权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述电机（3）是所述驱动机或者是所述机动车的一驱动机。
3.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驻车制动档具有一传动比，该传动比具有i>1的传动比关系。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驻车制动档的传动比具有比所述变速器（5）的最小的前进档更高的传动比关系。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驻车制动档相应于所述变速器（5）的最小的前进档。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述变速器（5）构造为换档变速器。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机中的至少一个驱动机构造为内燃机（2）。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驻车制动装置（8）具有控制设备（10），所述控制设备监控所述操作元件（9）的操纵状态并且在检测所述操作元件（9）的操纵时操控所述变速器（5）用于挂入所述驻车制动档并且关断所述电机（3）。
9.机动车，其具有按照权利要求1至8中任一项所述的驱动装置（1）。
10.用于运行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的驱动装置（1）或用于运行根据权利要求9所述的机动车的方法，其特征在于，在操纵所述操作元件（9）时挂入所述驻车制动档并且关断所述电机（3）。
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