CN105682463A - 增效除草组合物 - Google Patents
增效除草组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105682463A CN105682463A CN201480059792.8A CN201480059792A CN105682463A CN 105682463 A CN105682463 A CN 105682463A CN 201480059792 A CN201480059792 A CN 201480059792A CN 105682463 A CN105682463 A CN 105682463A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- clethodim
- sethoxydim
- methyl
- synergistic herbicide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- CSPPKDPQLUUTND-NBVRZTHBSA-N Sethoxydim Chemical compound CCO\N=C(/CCC)C1=C(O)CC(CC(C)SCC)CC1=O CSPPKDPQLUUTND-NBVRZTHBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen
- A01N35/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种增效除草组合物,该组合物包含化合物A和化合物B,其中化合物A选自烯草酮(clethodim)和烯禾啶(sethoxydim)中的一种,其中化合物B选自噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、甲基二磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)、单嘧磺隆(Monosulfuron)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)和烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)中的一种,化合物A和化合B的重量比范围为100:1至1:100。本发明通过进行二元复配,使得所得到的新组合物在抗性油菜和抗性大豆田中的单子叶杂草、双子叶杂草以及莎草科杂草的控制上取得了增效效果。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增效除草组合物,尤其涉及一种应用于抗性油菜、抗性大豆和其它作物田的增效除草组合物。
相关技术
烯草酮又称为收乐通或赛乐特,其化学名称为:(±)-2-[(E)-1-[(E)-3-氯烯丙氧基亚氨基]丙基]-5-[2-(乙硫基)丙基]-3-羟基环己烯-2-酮,其结构式为:
烯草酮是一种用于旱地的苗后环己烯酮除草剂,具有优良的选择性。它适用于大豆、油菜、棉花、花生等阔叶田,以控制野燕麦、马唐(Digitaria)、狗尾草(Setaria)、牛筋草、早熟禾(Poa)、硬草等禾本科(Gramineae)杂草。施用后,它能被禾本科杂草茎叶迅速吸收并传导至茎尖及分生组织,抑制分生组织的活性,破坏细胞分裂,最终导致杂草死亡。
烯禾啶,化学名称为(±)-2-[1-(乙氧基亚氨基)丁基]-5-[2-(乙硫基)丙基]-3-羟基-2-环己烯-1-酮,其结构式为:
烯禾啶也属于环己烯酮类除草剂,是选择性很强的内吸传导型茎叶处理剂,能被禾本科杂草茎叶迅速吸收,并传导到顶端和节间分生组织,使禾本科杂草因细胞分裂被破坏而致死。它可用于大豆、棉花、油菜、花生、马铃薯、甜菜、向日葵、亚麻等作物及果园,以控制稗草、野燕麦、狗尾草(Setaria)、看麦娘(Alopecurus)、马唐(Digitaria)、牛筋草等,但对阔叶杂草无效。
磺酰脲类除草剂品种的开发始于上世纪70年代末期。1978年Levitt等报导,氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)以极低剂量进行苗前土壤处理或苗后茎叶处理,可有效地控制小麦与亚麻田大多数杂草。紧接着开发出甲磺隆,随后又开发出甲嘧磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、苯磺隆、噻吩磺隆、苄嘧磺隆等一系列磺酰脲化合物。此类除草剂发展极快,已在各种作物田使用,有些磺酰脲除草剂已成为一些作物田的主要除草剂。而且,新的磺酰脲除草剂化合物还在不断地开发和商品化。磺酰脲类除草剂一般可认为由三部分组成,即芳香基、磺酰脲桥和杂环。在一或多个部分上取代基的微小变化都会导致生物活性和选择性的极大变化。更常见的磺酰脲除草剂产品包括:噻吩磺隆,化学名称为3-(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-1-(2-甲氧基甲酰基噻吩-3-基)-磺酰脲;苯磺隆,化学名称为2-[N-(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-N-甲基氨基甲酰基氨基磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯;环丙嘧磺隆,化学名称为1-{[O-(环丙羰基)苯基]氨磺酰基}-3(4,6-二甲氧基-2-吡啶基)-脲;苄嘧磺隆,化学名称为2-[((4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氨基羰基氨基]磺酰基甲基)苯甲酸甲酯;醚苯磺隆,化学名称为1-[2-(2-氯乙氧基)苯基磺酰基]-3-(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)脲;甲基二磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl),化学名称为2-[(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基氨基甲酰基)氨磺酰基]-α-甲磺酰氨基)-对-甲苯甲酸甲酯;单嘧磺隆(monosulfuron),化学名称为2-(4-甲基嘧啶基)苯磺酰脲;酰嘧磺隆,化学名称为1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-3-甲磺酰基(甲基)氨磺酰脲;甲磺隆,化学名称为2-[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)脲基磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯;氯磺隆,化学名称为1-(2-氯苯基)磺酰基3-(4-甲基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)脲;烟嘧磺隆,化学名称为2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基氨基甲酰基氨磺酰基)-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺。
尽管已有上述除草剂,但人们仍希望有能够一次性控制田间所有的杂草,扩大烯草酮、烯禾啶除草剂和磺酰脲类除草剂的除草谱的限制,提高烯草酮或烯禾啶和磺酰脲类除草剂对双子叶和单子叶杂草的除草速度的技术。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种增效除草组合物,该组合物将烯草酮和/或烯禾啶与一种或多种磺酰脲类除草剂进行复配。本发明惊异的发现,得到的组合物在抗性油菜、抗性大豆作物田杂草上取得了增效作用,由此显著降低杂草控制所需化合物的量,而且没有对作物产生无法接受的植物毒性。更具体而言,通过二元复配得到的新增效除草组合物对于抗性油菜、抗性大豆和其它作物田间的单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草的控制取得了增效作用,且对后茬作物安全。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案为:
一种增效除草组合物,该组合物包含化合物A和化合物B,其中化合物A选自烯草酮和烯禾啶中的一种,化合物B选自噻吩磺隆、苯磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、醚苯磺隆、甲基二磺隆、单嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、甲磺隆、氯磺隆、烟嘧磺隆中的一种,化合物A和化合B的重量比范围为100:1至1:100,优选50:1至1:50,更优选10:1至1:10。
本发明的增效除草组合物的化合物A和化合B的组合的某些实施方式可以是:
(1)烯草酮+噻吩磺隆;
(2)烯草酮+苯磺隆;
(3)烯草酮+环丙嘧磺隆;
(4)烯草酮+苄嘧磺隆;
(5)烯草酮+醚苯磺隆;
(6)烯草酮+甲基二磺隆;
(7)烯草酮+单嘧磺隆;
(8)烯草酮+酰嘧磺隆;
(9)烯草酮+甲磺隆;
(10)烯草酮+氯磺隆;
(11)烯草酮+烟嘧磺隆;
(12)烯禾啶+噻吩磺隆;
(13)烯禾啶+苯磺隆;
(14)烯禾啶+环丙嘧磺隆;
(15)烯禾啶+苄嘧磺隆;
(16)烯禾啶+醚苯磺隆;
(17)烯禾啶+甲基二磺隆;
(18)烯禾啶+单嘧磺隆;
(19)烯禾啶+酰嘧磺隆;
(20)烯禾啶+甲磺隆;
(21)烯禾啶+氯磺隆;和
(22)烯禾啶+烟嘧磺隆。
所述增效除草组合物可配制成农业上允许的任意剂型,例如可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、油基悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬乳剂、水分散粒剂、微囊悬浮剂和悬浮剂的混合制剂(ZC)、和超低容量液剂。
因此,本发明还提供一种增效除草组合物,该组合物包含有效量的化合物A和化合B的组合与至少一种制剂技术常用的添加剂的组合。
本发明还提供一种控制不希望有的植物的方法,该方法包括将本文所述的增效除草组合物在苗前、苗后、或苗前和苗后施用至植物、植物组织、植物种子或栽培区域。在一个特定实施方式中,所述不希望有的植物为单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草。
在一些特定实施方式中,不希望有的植物可包括各种形式的繁缕属(Stellaria)、豆瓣菜属(Nasturtium)、剪股颖属(Agrostis)、马唐属(Digitaria)、燕麦属(Avena)、狗尾草属(Setaria)、欧白芥属(Sinapis)、黑麦草属(Lolium)、茄属(Solanum)、雀麦属(Bromus)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、母菊属(Matricaria)、茼麻属(Abutilon)、黄花稔属(Sida)、苍耳属(Xanthium)、苋属(Amaranthus)、藜属(Chenopodium)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、茼蒿属(Chrysanthemum)、猪殃殃属(Galium)、堇菜属(Viola)和婆婆纳属(Veronica)。
本发明还涉及一种控制抗磺酰脲油菜和大豆作物中不希望有的植物生长的方法,其包括将至少一种化合物A和至少一种化合物B施用至不希望的植物,其组织或栽培区域。
本发明还涉及化合物A和化合物B的除草组合物,以及包含它们的除草剂组合物。
发明详述
将不同农药化合物的各种组合制成农药,是目前开发和研制新农药(例如用于控制农业杂草的农药)的一种有效和快捷的方法控制。不同品种的农药组合后,对一种具体的杂草通常表现出以下三种作用类型中的一种:相加作用、增效作用或拮抗作用。但农药组合具体为何种作用,无法预测,只有通过大量实验才能确定。在本文中,术语“除草剂化合物”和“除草物质”可互换使用,指一种活性化学品种,该化学品种具有所需的除草活性,并以此目的包含在组合物中。
除草化合物或物质的增效组合是特别理想的,因为其明显提高了实际控制杂草的效果,因此降低了各个除草活性化合物或物质所需的剂量。这种剂量的降低大大地延缓了杂草产生除草抗性的速度,因此是有效控制杂草的重要且非常理想的手段。
一种特别理想的增效除草组合物是至少两种本文所披露的除草活性化合物或物质的组合。这些组合物包括化合物A和化合物B,其中化合物A选自烯草酮和烯禾啶中的一种,化合物B选自噻吩磺隆、苯磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、醚苯磺隆、甲基二磺隆、单嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、甲磺隆、氯磺隆和烟嘧磺隆中的一种,其中化合物A和化合B的重量比范围为100:1至1:100,优选50:1至1:50,更优选10:1至1:10。
依据本发明的增效除草组合物的化合物A和化合物B的组合可以是:
(1)烯草酮+噻吩磺隆;
(2)烯草酮+苯磺隆;
(3)烯草酮+环丙嘧磺隆;
(4)烯草酮+苄嘧磺隆;
(5)烯草酮+醚苯磺隆;
(6)烯草酮+甲基二磺隆;
(7)烯草酮+单嘧磺隆;
(8)烯草酮+酰嘧磺隆;
(9)烯草酮+甲磺隆;
(10)烯草酮+氯磺隆;
(11)烯草酮+烟嘧磺隆;
(12)烯禾啶+噻吩磺隆;
(13)烯禾啶+苯磺隆;
(14)烯禾啶+环丙嘧磺隆;
(15)烯禾啶+苄嘧磺隆;
(16)烯禾啶+醚苯磺隆;
(17)烯禾啶+甲基二磺隆;
(18)烯禾啶+单嘧磺隆;
(19)烯禾啶+酰嘧磺隆;
(20)烯禾啶+甲磺隆;
(21)烯禾啶+氯磺隆;和
(22)烯禾啶+烟嘧磺隆。
本文中所披露的特定化合物A和化合物B的组合具有增效作用,是因为该组合物超过了原则上预期的对欲控制杂草的加和作用,因此特别是在下述两方面拓宽了两种化合物的作用谱范围:首先,降低了组合物中各个化合物的施用率,同时保持了良好的作用水平;其次,即使在各个除草物质在低施用率的情况下,包括从农业的观点上低到无效的施用率的情况下,增效除草组合物也能获得高的杂草控制水平。结果是显著拓宽了杂草活性谱,另外增加了对有用植物作物的选择性。这满足了避免无意过量使用各除草化合物的需要和期望。本发明的增效除草组合物保持很好地控制有用植物中的杂草,还对后茬作物有较大的适应性。
这种增效除草组合物还包含有效量的化合物A和化合物B的组合与至少一种制剂技术常用的添加剂混合,包括但不限于下文所详述的添加剂。
本发明的增效除草组合物中使用的添加剂包括液体载体、固体载体、分散剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、增稠剂等及其它有益于化合物(即活性成分)在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的已知物质,都是农药中常用或允许使用的各种物质,并无特别限定,具体成分和用量根据配方要求通过简单试验确定。
适合制备本发明的增效除草组合物的液体载体包括芳烃及/或脂肪烃。特别适用的是极性溶剂,如醇类以及它们的醚和酯。此外还有植物油和可溶性甲基纤维素。同时,不同液体的混合物,包括上述液体的混合物,也是适用的。
适合本发明的增效除草组合物的固体载体包括硅藻土、硅酸铝镁、活性白土、高岭土、粘土、石膏、膨润土、白炭黑、轻质碳酸钙、石灰石、木屑、玉米淀粉、可溶性淀粉等,及其混合物。
适合制备本发明的增效除草组合物的乳化剂可包括阴离子和/或非离子型乳化剂,例如烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚等,及其混合物。
适合制备本发明的增效除草组合物的分散剂可以包括烷基萘磺酸盐、双(烷基)萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加合物、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐和甲基纤维素。例如木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙、甲基萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、亚甲基萘磺酸钠等,及其混合物。
其它添加剂的例子包括在除草制剂中通常以助剂形式使用的羧甲基纤维素,乙二醇和丙二醇等,其可提供稳定、增稠及防冻效果。
本发明的增效除草组合物还可以含有着色剂,例如无机颜料如氧化铁、氧化钛或普鲁士蓝等;有机染料如茜素(Alizarin)、偶氮染料、金属酞菁蓝或三苯甲烷染料等。
可以任何常用的制剂形式使用本发明的组合物,包括以下缩写表示的制剂形式。
GR:颗粒剂
WP:可湿性粉剂
WG:水分散粒剂
SG:可溶粒剂
SL:可溶液剂
EC:乳油
EW:水乳剂
ME:微乳剂
SC:悬浮剂
CS:微囊悬浮剂
OD:油基悬浮剂
SE:悬乳剂
本发明优选的剂型包括可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、油基悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬乳剂、水分散粒剂、微囊悬浮剂和悬浮剂的混合制剂(ZC)、超低容量液剂。
对于水分散粒剂来说,本领域技术人员很熟悉使用适当的助剂来获得所需的含本发明所述增效组合物的粒剂。分散剂可选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、EO/PO嵌段聚醚及它们的组合物;润湿剂可选自烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、木质素磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其混合物;崩解剂可选自硫酸铵、硫酸钠、氯化钠、氯化铵、尿素、蔗糖、葡萄糖、羧甲基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及其混合物;粘结剂可选自聚乙烯醇、可溶性淀粉、糊精、黄原胶、羧甲基(乙基)纤维素及其混合物;填料可选自硅藻土、高岭土、白炭黑、轻质碳酸钙、滑石、凹凸棒土、陶土及其混合物。
对可湿性粉剂,可使用的助剂有:分散剂,可选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐及它们的混合物;润湿剂,可选自烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐及它们的混合物;填料,可选自硫酸铵、尿素、蔗糖、葡萄糖、硅藻土、高岭土、白炭黑、轻质碳酸钙、滑石、凹凸棒土、陶土及其混合物。
对悬浮剂,可使用的助剂有:分散剂,可选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、(美国亨斯迈公司出品,烷基萘磺酸盐类)及它们的混合物;乳化剂,可选自农乳700#(通用名:烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚)、农乳2201、(通用名:山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)、乳化剂(通用名:聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)、农乳1601#(通用名:苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)、(美国亨斯迈公司出品)及其混合物;润湿剂,可选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、苯基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、(美国亨斯迈公司出品)及其混合物;增稠剂,可选自黄原胶、聚乙烯醇、膨润土、硅酸镁铝及其混合物;防腐剂,可选自甲醛、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠及其混合物;消泡剂,可以为有机硅类消泡剂;防冻剂,可选自乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、尿素、无机盐类(如氯化钠)及其混合物。
对油基悬浮剂,可使用的助剂有:分散剂,可选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐(分散剂NNO)、及其混合物;乳化剂,可选自BY(蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚)系列乳化剂(BY-110、BY-125、BY-140)、农乳700#(通用名:烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚)、农乳2201、(通用名:山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)、(通用名:聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)、农乳1601#(通用名:苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)、及其组合物;润湿剂,可选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、及其混合物;增稠剂,可选自白炭黑、聚乙烯醇、膨润土、硅酸镁铝及其混合物;防冻剂,可选自乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、尿素和无机盐类(如氯化钠)及其混合物;稳定剂,可选自环氧大豆油、表氯醇、磷酸三苯酯及其混合物;分散介质,可选自大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油、油酸甲酯、柴油、机油、矿物油及其混合物。
适合桶混组合物的制剂的例子包括溶液、稀释乳液、悬浮剂或其混合物及粉末。
通常,用于桶混的组合物是用溶剂(如水)稀释而成的包含不同活性除草化合物或物质,和任选的其它助剂的一种或多种预混组合物。
一般,叶面桶混制剂包含0.1-20重量%,特别是0.1-15重量%的活性除草化合物或物质,和99.9-80重量%,特别是99.9-85重量%的固态和/或液态助剂(包含溶剂,比如水),其中助剂可包含基于桶混制剂重量的0-20重量%,特别是0.1-15重量%的表面活性剂。
通常叶面施用的预混制剂包含0.1-99.9重量%,特别是1-95重量%的活性除草化合物,和99.9-0.1重量%,特别是99-5重量%的固态和/或液态助剂(包含如溶剂,比如水),其中助剂可以是基于预混制剂重量的0-50重量%,特别是0.5-40重量%的表面活性剂。
本发明的经配制的组合物包含0.5-99.9重量%,特别是1-95重量%,有利地是1-50重量%的活性除草化合物,和99.5-0.1重量%,特别是99-5重量%的固体和/或液体辅剂(包含如溶剂,如水),其中所述助剂(或辅剂)可以是基于预混制剂重量的0-50重量%,特别是0.5-40重量%的表面活性剂。
根据制剂特性,可以按照预期对象和流行环境来选择施用方法,包括叶面喷施、浸透、喷雾、喷粉和播散之类的技术。
施用时,制剂可以是商品形式(即浓缩液),如需要,可用水以常规方式稀释制剂(例如可湿性粉剂、乳油、分散剂和水分散粒剂)。对于粉剂,土壤施用颗粒剂,撒播粒剂和喷雾溶液类型的制剂,一般在使用前不再用其它惰性物质稀释。
可将组合物施用至植物、植物组织,植物种子或栽培区域(耕过的),优选施用至绿色植物和植物组织。如需要,还包括将组合物施用至耕过的土壤中。
本申请的组合物还可以桶混制剂的形式施用,其中每种物质是以浓缩的最佳剂型存在,在桶中将它们与水混合,并施用由此获得的喷雾混合物。
本发明由化合物A和化合物B预混得到的除草组合物的优点是该组合物能更方便地施用,因为化合物的用量已经调整到适当比例。而且,这种施用方式是选择一种或多种适合的助剂的好方法。而且,将各种制剂进行桶混可能导致各个制剂中存在的不需要或不利的助剂也被混合。
本发明还提供一种控制不希望有的植物的生长的方法,包括将所述增效除草组合物在苗前、苗后、或苗前和苗后施用至植物、植物组织、植物种子或栽培区域。所述不希望有的植物为单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草。不希望有的植物的示例包括繁缕属(Stellaria)、豆瓣菜属(Nasturtium)、剪股颖属(Agrostis)、马唐属(Digitaria)、燕麦属(Avena)、狗尾草属(Setaria)、欧白芥属(Sinapis)、茄属(Solanum)、雀麦属(Bromus)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、母菊属(Matricaria)、茼麻属(Abutilon)、黄花稔属(Sida)、苍耳属(Xanthium)、苋属(Amaranthus)、藜属(Chenopodium)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、茼蒿属(Chrysanthemum)、猪殃殃属(Galium)、堇菜属(Viola)和婆婆纳属(Veronica)。
适用于施用本文所述组合物的栽培区是栽培植物已在生长或那些栽培植物的种子已播种的土地或田的区域,以及打算栽培栽培植物的土地区域。
施用于植物、植物组织、植物种子或栽培区的本文所述增效组合物的有效量可以根据施用的时间和位置的主要条件如杂草压力、施用时间、施用方式、天气、土壤状况、地形特征、目标作物的种类等变化。在施用过程中,一般合适的组合物施用率为约0.001kg/ha-1.00kg/ha,优选约0.01kg/ha-0.075kg/ha。本文所述增效组合物的有效量还可以根据制剂中活性化合物的浓度、制剂类型、化合物(A)和化合物(B)的特定组合及制剂中化合物(A)和化合物(B)的重量比等变量而变化。一组特定条件的施用率可通过常规实验确定。
本发明方法最优选用于控制作物生长区或将用于种植作物的区域内的杂草。当组合物用于作物生长区时,组合物的施用率应足以控制杂草生长但又不会高到对作物产生严重的永久性的伤害。此方法的施用率可通过使用组合物、作物及杂草的特定组合的实验来确定。
本发明的增效除草组合物可以在苗前施用,也可以在苗后施用,也可以既在苗前也在苗后施用。优选的施用方式是苗后施用,特别是杂草生长早期。在种植前施用除草组合物(特别是施用到土壤表面上)也是本发明方法施用方式之一。
本发明的增效除草组合物的苗前施用通常发生在土壤表面上。按照此方式施用的增效除草组合物可以完全阻止杂草出苗,或使杂草苗在真叶期时停止生长,然后在3至4周后完全死亡。
本文所述的增效除草组合物的苗后施用通常发生在植株的绿色部分上,其在施用组合物后很快停止生长。杂草的植株停留在施用组合物时的生长阶段或经过一段时间后迅速死亡,使得在用本发明的增效除草组合物对那些对于作物具有竞争作用的杂草进行处理后,这些杂草的影响尽快地被消除或永久性地降低。因此这种方式可以迅速并持久地减少对作物有害的杂草竞争。
与单剂相比,本发明的增效除草组合物具有更迅速和更持久的除草作用。特别有利的是,由于化合物A和化合物B之间的增效作用,可以将组合物中化合物A和化合物B的有效剂量调整至低含量,以使得它们在土壤中的作用达到最佳。因此,这些化合物不仅可以应用于敏感作物,而且低施用剂量基本上避免了由于施用所述化合物导致的地下水污染。因此,通过使用本发明的增效除草组合物,可以显著降低化合物的施用量,显著增加可处理的作物谱以及明显减少对环境的负面影响。
在特定的实施方式中,本发明的增效除草组合物对于单子叶和双子叶杂草具有优良的除草活性,同时对抗性油菜和/或抗性大豆的危害非常小或完全没有危害。因此,本发明的组合物和方法尤其适合通过上述施用方法施用于抗性油菜和抗性大豆。
抗性油菜和抗性大豆包括:
以改进植物中的淀粉合成为目的的基因重组和改造作物(例如WO92/11376,WO92/14827和WO91/19806);
抗其他除草剂如磺酰脲类除草剂的基因改造作物(EP0257993A,US5013659A);
抗其他除草剂如磺酰脲除草剂的非基因改造作物(CN102405846A);
可产生芽孢杆菌苏云金菌霉素(Bt毒素),以使植株产生对某些害虫的抗性(EP0142924A,EP0193259A)的基因改造作物;
具有改进脂肪酸组成的基因改造作物(WO91/13972)。
原则上抗性植物可以是任意种类的所需植物,即,可以是单子叶和双子叶植物。
因此本发明还涉及一种控制抗性油菜和抗性大豆作物中不希望有的植物生长的方法,其中包括将至少一种化合物A和至少一种化合物B施用至不希望有的植物,植物组织或栽培区域。
本发明还涉及化合物A和化合物B的增效除草组合物,以及包含它们的除草剂组合物。
下列实施例将进一步说明本发明组合物的特点,以及对本领域技术人员制备组合物给予指导。
制剂实施例
实施例1:油基悬浮剂
将甲磺隆、分散剂、润湿剂和玉米油等各组分按照上述配方的比例混合均匀,经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到甲磺隆的油基悬浮剂。然后添加烯禾啶,高速搅拌均匀。
实施例2:可湿性粉剂
将化合物、各种助剂及填料等按上述配方的比例混合,经超细研磨机研磨后,得到可湿性粉剂。
实施例3:可湿性粉剂
将烯禾啶、苯磺隆、各种助剂及填料等按上述配方的比例混合,经超细研磨机研磨后,得到可湿性粉剂。
实施例4:水分散粒剂
将烯禾啶、噻吩磺隆、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂。向可湿性粉剂中加入一定量的水使得足以提供可挤出糊料,混合,通过挤出成粒,然后干燥,筛分,得到水分散粒剂。
实施例5:乳油
将上述成分按照上述比例配制,混合均匀,得到均一的相。
实施例6:油基悬浮剂
将氯磺隆、甲基萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到氯磺隆的悬浮剂;将烯禾啶、芳烃溶剂100、乙氧基化蓖麻油混合搅拌均匀得到烯禾啶的乳油;将得到的氯磺隆加入到烯禾啶乳油中,得到油基悬浮剂。
实施例7:可湿性粉剂
将上述组分按上述比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,制备成可湿性粉剂。
实施例8:水分散粒剂
将酰嘧磺隆、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按上述配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂。向可湿性粉剂中加入烯草酮并混合均匀;然后加入一定量的水使得足以提供可挤出糊料,混合,通过挤出成粒,然后干燥,,筛分,得到水分散粒剂。
实施例9:悬乳剂
将烯草酮溶解在油酸甲酯中。向油酸甲酯中加入乙氧基化蓖麻油得到油相。按照配方将氯磺隆、改性木质素磺酸钙和水砂磨得到氯磺隆的悬浮水相。在搅拌下将油相加入水相得到悬乳剂。
实施例10:可湿性粉剂
将上述组分按比例混合,然后研磨、粉碎,制备成可湿性粉剂。
实施例11:包衣颗粒剂
在混合器中,将磨细的烯草酮和烟嘧磺隆均匀涂布到被聚乙二醇润湿的载体上。以此方式可获得无尘包衣颗粒剂。
实施例12:可湿性粉剂
将上述组分按上述比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,制备成可湿性粉剂。
实施例13:挤出颗粒剂
将烯草酮和醚苯磺隆与助剂混合并研磨成混合物。混合物用水润湿。将该混合物挤出,然后在空气流中干燥。
实施例14:微囊悬浮剂和悬浮剂的混合制剂(ZC)
将PAPITM、烯草酮和SOLVESSOTM200形成的油相加入含ATLOXTM4913的水溶液中,形成乳液。然后将乳液加热并保温在50℃。向乳液中加入催化剂反应2小时。冷却后得到烯草酮的微囊悬浮剂。
ATLOXTM4913,分散剂LFH,消泡剂,尿素,苄嘧磺隆和水按比例混合均匀,并经砂磨,制备成悬浮剂。
将烯草酮微囊悬浮剂加入苄嘧磺隆的悬浮剂中,搅拌均匀得到ZC。
实施例16:悬乳剂
将烯草酮溶解在SOLVESSOTM200中。向SOLVESSOTM200中加入乙氧基化蓖麻油,得到烯草酮的乳油,即,油相。
将环丙嘧磺隆、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠和改性木质素磺酸钙按比例混合均匀,并砂磨。加入乙氧基化蓖麻油、黄原胶、膨润土和丙三醇,制备成悬浮剂。
将烯草酮油相加入到含环丙嘧磺隆的悬浮剂中,得到悬乳剂。
实施例17:乳油
将上述各组分混合,搅拌至得到透明均一相。
实施例18:50%化合物A+50%化合物B
烯草酮50%
噻吩磺隆50%
将烯草酮和噻吩磺隆按照上述比例混合均匀。
生物测试例
当组合物的作用超过当各化合物单独施用时的作用的总和时,存在增效作用。两种活性化合物的特定组合的预期作用可使用所谓的"科尔比(Colby)公式"(参见S.R.Colby,"除草剂组合的计算增效和拮抗响应(CalculatingSynergisticandAntagonisticResponsesofHerbicideCombinations)”,Weeds,1967,15,20-22)如下计算:如果
X是当施用量为mg/ha或浓度为mppm时化合物A的活性;
Y是当施用量为ng/ha或浓度为nppm时化合物B的活性,表示为相对于未处理对照的百分率;
E是当施用量为mg/ha和ng/ha或浓度为mppm和nppm时化合物A和B的活性,则
如果实际观察的活性(O)大于预期活性(E),那么该组合物为超加和,即具有增效作用。
发明人通过进行大量的本发明中涉及到的化合物A和化合物B不同组合和不同配比的筛选试验以及效果性分析,发现当化合物A和B的比例在一定的配比范围内,所得到的除草组合物具有特别理想的增效作用,而不仅仅是两种化合物的简单相加。理想的比例范围是100:1至1:100,更具体的,从50:1至1:50,再具体的,从10:1至1:10。
1.苗前杂草控制
装有沙壤土的纸板盆中放入单子叶和双子叶不希望有的植物的种子或根茎,并用土盖好。将制成浓缩水溶液,可湿性粉剂或乳油形式的组合物的实施方式以各种剂量施用至土壤覆盖层表面。处理后,将盆放在温室中并使杂草保持在良好的生长条件下。试验3-4周后测试植物出苗。测试植物出苗后,与未处理对照比较。肉眼观察记录植物伤害情况或对出苗的不利影响。如试验结果所示,本发明组合物在苗前施用,对广谱的单子叶和双子叶杂草具有很好的除草活性。
2.苗后除草作用
在装有沙壤土的纸板盆中放入单子叶和双子叶不希望有的植物的种子或根茎,用土盖好并在良好生长条件的温室中培育。播种3周后,在三叶期用本发明增效除草组合物的实施方式处理测试植物。保持测试植物在最佳生长条件下的温室中3-4周后,与未处理对照相比,肉眼观察记录制剂的活性。苗后施用时,本发明组合物也对广谱的经济重要的禾本科和阔叶科杂草具有很好的除草活性。
可以频繁地观察到本发明组合物活性超出除草剂单独使用时的活性总和。试验结果表明,在适当的低剂量下,组合物的活性超过了根据Colby公式计算的预期值。
3.除草活性和作物的耐受性(田间试验)
抗磺酰脲除草剂的非基因改造油菜作物与典型杂草一起种植在室外自然条件下。当油菜植物生长时杂草种群自然发生。苗后2-4叶期对杂草进行处理。为了体现增效效果,以低于一般施用剂量进行处理。
实验结果示于表1-7中。
表1处理四周后对曼陀罗(Datura)的除草活性
表2处理四周后对狗尾草(Setaria)的除草活性
表3处理四周后对猪殃殃(Galium)的除草活性
表4处理四周后对看麦娘(Alopecurus)的除草活性
表5处理四周后对繁缕(Stellaria)的除草活性
表6处理四周后对藜(Chenopodium)的除草活性
表7处理四周后对茼草(Beckmannia)的除草活性
本发明是以其若干特定实施方式说明,但本领域技术人员能识别这些特定实施方式仅作说明之用,而非限制本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种增效除草组合物,其包含化合物A和化合物B的组合,其中化合物A选自烯草酮和烯禾啶中的至少一种,化合物B选自噻吩磺隆、苯磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、醚苯磺隆、甲基二磺隆、单嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、甲磺隆、氯磺隆和烟嘧磺隆中的至少一种,其中化合物A和化合B的重量比为100:1至1:100。
2.如权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物,其中化合物A和化合物B的重量比为50:1至1:50。
3.如权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物,其中化合物A和化合物B的重量比为10:1至1:10。
4.如权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物,其中组合物的化合物A和化合物B的组合是:
(1)烯草酮+噻吩磺隆;
(2)烯草酮+苯磺隆;
(3)烯草酮+环丙嘧磺隆;
(4)烯草酮+苄嘧磺隆;
(5)烯草酮+醚苯磺隆;
(6)烯草酮+甲基二磺隆;
(7)烯草酮+单嘧磺隆;
(8)烯草酮+酰嘧磺隆;
(9)烯草酮+甲磺隆;
(10)烯草酮+氯磺隆;
(11)烯草酮+烟嘧磺隆;
(12)烯禾啶+噻吩磺隆;
(13)烯禾啶+苯磺隆;
(14)烯禾啶+环丙嘧磺隆;
(15)烯禾啶+苄嘧磺隆;
(16)烯禾啶+醚苯磺隆;
(17)烯禾啶+甲基二磺隆;
(18)烯禾啶+单嘧磺隆;
(19)烯禾啶+酰嘧磺隆;
(20)烯禾啶+甲磺隆;
(21)烯禾啶+氯磺隆;或
(22)烯禾啶+烟嘧磺隆。
5.如权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物,其中增效除草组合物是农业上可接受的剂型。
6.如权利要求5所述的增效除草组合物,其中农业上可接受的剂型选自下组:可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、油基悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬乳剂、水分散粒剂、微囊悬浮剂和悬浮剂的混合制剂(ZC)、以及超低容量液剂。
7.一种制备如权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物的方法,其包括将含化合物A和化合物B的组合与至少一种农业上可接受的添加剂混合。
8.一种控制不希望有的植物的方法,其包括将权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物在苗前、或苗后、或苗前和苗后施用至植物、植物组织、植物种子或栽培区域。
9.一种控制抗性油菜和/或抗性大豆作物田中不希望有的植物生长的方法,包括权利要求1所述的增效除草组合物施用至不希望有的植物,其植物组织或栽培区域。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中不希望有的植物为单子叶杂草、双子叶杂草或其组合。
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CN108323508A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-27 | 哈尔滨利民农化技术有限公司 | 一种水分散粒剂型玉米田除草组合物及其制备方法 |
CN110122483A (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-16 | 卢志军 | 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌可溶粒剂及其制备方法 |
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