CN105671421A - Cr-Mn-W white cast iron and preparation technology thereof - Google Patents
Cr-Mn-W white cast iron and preparation technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105671421A CN105671421A CN201610253150.2A CN201610253150A CN105671421A CN 105671421 A CN105671421 A CN 105671421A CN 201610253150 A CN201610253150 A CN 201610253150A CN 105671421 A CN105671421 A CN 105671421A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
- C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of abrasion-resistant cast iron, in particular to Cr-Mn-W white cast iron and a preparation method thereof. The abrasion-resistant Cr-Mn-W white cast iron comprises the following ingredients by mass: 2.2 to 3.0 percent of C, 18 to 28 percent of W, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Si, 0.8 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of P, and the balance of Fe. During preparation, W atoms exist in molten iron, and can replace part of Fe atoms in carbonide to generate (W, Fe)3C, and due to addition of W atoms, the microhardness can be improved to about 1600 to 1800 Hv, while the microhardness of common cementite is about 800 Hv, so that the hardness of the abrasion-resistant Cr-Mn-W white cast iron is improved. According to the preparation method, carbonide particles in the abrasion-resistant Cr-Mn-W white cast iron can be more spheroidizied, and be distributed more uniformly. Therefore, shape and distribution defects that the carbonide in the prior art is bulky, abloom, strip-shaped, rod-shaped, worm-shaped or in other unideal states, and the carbonide particles in the prior art are distributed in a chrysanthemum-shaped manner are overcome, and the combination property of the material is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to abrasion-resistant cast iron material field, specifically chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron and processing technique thereof.
Background technology
Along with the operating modes such as some engineering machinery, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery are severe further and equipment maximizes, for instance in EQUIPMENT MARKET GUIDE such as sand making machine equipment, hot rolls, the high-abrasive material demand with more high-wearing feature is more and more urgent. In this case, forefathers, through lot of experiments, develop multiple high-abrasive material to manufacture wear-resisting key components and parts, to meet the service demand improving workpiece actual life under bad working environments.
Start to walk research and development based on composite abrasion resistance materials such as chromium, manganese, silicon in China, and has successfully started to be applied to hot roll wearing piece. Although the research of the aspects such as the coagulating property of composite abrasion resistance material of currently used casting technique exploitation, metamorphic mechanism and Technology for Heating Processing feature tends to ripe substantially. In high-abrasive material, carbide particle form has a variety of, presents several forms such as group's bulk spherical, big, shape of blooming, strip, shaft-like and vermiform; The spherical primary phase of group that wherein border is rounder and more smooth is optimal form, is conducive to performance boost. Therefore, by optimizing carbide particle form and distribution further, anti-wear performance and its stability to raising high-abrasive material are highly beneficial.
The metamorphism treatment method that high-abrasive material is adopted by prior art mainly uses rare earth silicon and magnesium or (containing B, containing Zr) potassium salt as inoculation modificator, to make consumption all between 0.5～1.0. Using conventional rare earth silicon, magnesium as alterant, rare earth has the effect of purifying molten iron on the one hand, can generate compound with the oxygen in ferrum liquid, nitrogen etc., and these compounds are also used as forming core particle and play the effect of refined carbides simultaneously; Rare earth is a kind of surface active element on the other hand, can being enriched in the surface of carbide, thus suppressing carbide to grow up along crystal boundary, making carbide refinement in process of setting.
Frequently with rare earth as alterant in prior art, utilize and during rare earth cleaning molten steel, produce the forming core particle as carbide such as a large amount of rare earth oxide, nitride;But the lattice types of these rare earth oxides, nitride is different from the lattice types of carbide. So these rare earth oxides, nitride can not as the effective heterogeneous forming core cores of carbide carbon compound, its effect is extremely limited.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides the chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron of a kind of dependable performance, the component of this material is by following mass percent composition: C:2.2-3.0%, W:18-28%, Si:0.5-1.5%, Mn:0.8-1.5%, Cr:2.0-3.0%, S :≤0.06%, P :≤0.06%, and surplus is ferrum; There is tungsten atom during preparation in ferrum liquid, tungsten atom part can replace the position of iron atom in carbide, is formed (W, Fe)3C, and common cementite microhardness is about 800Hv, the membership that adds of tungsten atom makes microhardness improve, and can reach about 1600 1800Hv, thus improving the hardness of cast iron.
The present invention also provides for the processing technique of a kind of chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron, and it sequentially includes the following steps:
1) steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome are cleaned out, carry out dispensing sorting placement by above-mentioned mass percent requirement;
2) steel scrap of above-mentioned sorting placement, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese and ferrochrome are put into stove adds hot smelting, after melting down, add aluminium wire or aluminum shot carries out deoxidation, be subsequently adding desulfurizing agent desulfurization, and skim;
3) in the ferrum liquid after coming out of the stove, add alterant again, adopt ladle bottom pouring process that ferrum liquid is bred and Metamorphism treatment;
4) by the iron liquid casting that breeds with Metamorphism treatment to water-cooled waterglass sand mold;
5) polish again after cooling sandblasting, and carry out heat treatment.
As preferably, smelting temperature is 1500～1540 DEG C.
As preferably, the aluminium wire of deoxidation employing or the mass fraction of aluminum shot all account for the 0.1%-0.15% of ferrum liquid quality.
As preferably, the component of described alterant accounts for ferrum liquid mass percent and is: 0.25 RE, 0.15 Mg, 0.15 Zn.
As preferably, the compound inoculation modificator of said components being crushed to the little granule of 1-5mm, after 200 DEG C dry, be preset in bottom casting ladle, then the ferrum liquid in casting ladle is bred with Metamorphism treatment after stand 2-3min, then pour into a mould, pouring temperature is 1450 DEG C.
As preferably, during heat treatment, first embedding Linesless charcoal in heat-treatment furnace or be coated with antioxidant coating at surface of the work, then adopting primary quenching to add double tempering and process.
As preferably, first processing 30min during quenching at the temperature of 500 DEG C, then heat to 800 DEG C and process 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min.
As preferably, tempering is process 90min at the temperature of 450 DEG C.
As can be known from the above technical solutions, above-mentioned processing technique can make carbide particle form in anti-friction material more roll into a ball nodularization, it is distributed more uniform, overcome carbide in prior art to there are several less-than-ideal forms such as big bulk, shape of blooming, strip, shaft-like and vermiform and distribution of particles exists the deficiency of the forms such as Flos Chrysanthemi shape distribution and distribution, the combination property of raising material.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described more detail below, and illustrative examples and explanation in this present invention are used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron of the present invention is containing C:2.2-3.0%, W:18-28%, Si:0.5-1.5%, Mn:0.8-1.5%, Cr:2.0-3.0%, S :≤0.06%, P :≤0.06%, and surplus is ferrum;Wherein,
Carbon C is most important for the microstructure and property of composite abrasion resistance material, and it both can be solid-solution in matrix and play solution strengthening effect, is again form carbide to strengthen the basic element of phase, moreover it is possible to promote martensite transfor mation, improve the hardenability of composite abrasion resistance material. Carbon content can increase material fragility too much, and the quantity then reducing carbide enhancing phase very little causes its wearability to reduce. Therefore, this material controls C content at 2.2-3.0%.
Chromium Cr also can react formation Cr with C6C、Cr7C3And Cr23C6Deng carbide, but owing to the carbide microhardness of chromium is low, and its pattern is due to elongated and cause that its toughness is poor, preferentially forms in matrix process of setting; Therefore, in the present invention, the addition of Cr element is less, and a small amount of Cr can also make it be solid-solution in austenite, acts primarily as the hardenability and quenching degree effect that improve matrix.
Tungsten W, in the process preparing cast iron, can reduce austenite region, reduces carbon dissolubility in austenite, makes eutectic point and eutectoid point move to the direction that phosphorus content is low. Increase along with tungstenic amount, it is possible to decrease critical cooling rate, makes austenite be more likely to be changed into geneva or bainite, thus increasing matrix hardness so that tungsten based alloy cast iron has significantly high wearability.
In the wear resistant alloy material process producing the present invention, melting is to adopt medium-frequency induction furnace to realize, and adopts basic lining material. In the present invention, the design of components of alterant is: 0.25 RE+0.15 Mg+0.15 Zn. Ferrum liquid casting ladle adds alterant and carries out Metamorphism treatment, wherein contain a certain amount of rare earth magnesium and zinc, rare earth has deoxidization desulfuration effect on the one hand, the rare-earth sulfide, rare earth oxide and the rare-earth oxide sulfate that are generated can be excluded, can make ferrum liquid further to purify, rare earth and magnesium elements can be enriched with in the melt of austenite dendrites crystallization front, and forming component crosses cold-zone, are conducive to austenite dendrites to polycrystalline development and to reduce dendrite interval. Rare earth and magnesium elements are surface active elements on the other hand, easily in the selected absorption of carbide crystal face, thus suppressing preferentially growing up of carbide crystal face. Magnesium and zinc element boiling point in alterant are low, add after ferrum liquid rapid vaporization and produce substantial amounts of atomic group and cause the room on carbide dot matrix, the existence in room accelerates dissolving and the diffusion of carbide, may advantageously facilitate carbide and presents a nodularization, is uniformly distributed. The situation that the carbide of the form such as big bulk, shape of blooming, strip, shaft-like and vermiform and Flos Chrysanthemi shape are distributed greatly reduces, and the performance making anti-friction material is more reliable and more stable.
Breed the iron liquid casting with Metamorphism treatment to water-cooled waterglass sand mold, water-cooled waterglass sand mold can provide rate of cooling faster, bigger rate of cooling is not only due to the increase of forming core speed and makes grain refinement, and dendrite can be refined simultaneously, obtain more tiny carbide tissue, thus being conducive to provide the wearability of cast iron. Owing to quenching technical can produce substantial amounts of unstable state residual austenite soma, carbon can be made in martensitic structure toward diffusive migration in residual austenite soma by follow-up tempering process, increase the phosphorus content of residual austenite soma, thus improving the room temperature stability improving residual austenite soma. The present invention adopts the Technology for Heating Processing of optimization, first embeds Linesless charcoal in heat-treatment furnace or is coated with antioxidant coating at surface of the work, then adopts primary quenching to add double tempering and processes;At the temperature of 500 DEG C, specifically first process 30min during quenching, then heat to 800 DEG C and process 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min; Tempering is process 90min at the temperature of 450 DEG C, it is possible to reduce or the content of retained austenite and stability in flexible matrix. It addition, this anti-friction material aoxidizes extremely serious in high-temperature heat treatment process, it is necessary to embed Linesless charcoal in heat-treatment furnace or be coated with antioxidant coating at surface of the work to be heated, to eliminate or to alleviate surface of the work high-temperature oxydation and decarburization phenomenon.
Embodiment 1
Steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome raw material are cleaned out, carries out dispensing and sorting placement by the stoicheiometry of mass fraction to be 2.2%C, 28%V, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 3.0%Cr, 0.06%S, 0.06%P, surplus be ferrum; Again by above-mentioned having configured steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome dispensing have been put in stove and have been heated, and smelting temperature is 1500 DEG C, after ferrum liquid is melting down, isothermal processes 8min is carried out with 1550 DEG C of temperature, add ferrum liquid weight 0.1% aluminium wire and carry out pre-deoxidation, be subsequently adding desulfurizing agent, and skim; Come out of the stove after being subsequently added into the aluminum shot final deoxidizing of 0.1%; Then by accounting for the unified little granule being crushed to 1mm of alterant of ferrum liquid quality 0.25 rare earth element, 0.15 Mg and 0.15 Zn preparation, after 200 DEG C dry, it is preset in bottom casting ladle, adopts ladle bottom pouring process that ferrum liquid is bred and Metamorphism treatment; In casting ladle, ferrum liquid stands 2min after going bad, then is poured in water-cooled waterglass sand mold, and pouring temperature is 1450 DEG C, polishing sandblasting after foundry goods cooling, Quenching Treatment 30min at the temperature of 500 DEG C again, then heats to 800 DEG C and processes 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min; Then temper secondary at the temperature of 450 DEG C, each 90min. The abrasion-resistant cast iron material of preparation is carried out performance test, and hardness reaches 66.6HRC; The cuboid that the abrasion-resistant cast iron material prepared is processed into 22 × 40 × 12mm carries out Three-body Abrasive Wear experiment, and loaded load is 130N, and workpiece is weighed once every 10min; Chromium series cast iron (containing 30wt%Cr, 3wt%C) and Q235 steel are carried out wear test contrast simultaneously, finally obtain: material average each wear-out period prepared by the present invention loses about 0.82mm3, abrasion loss is only the 15% of contrast cast iron wear volume, is the 2.3% of Q235 wear volume.
Embodiment 2
Steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome raw material are cleaned out, carries out dispensing and sorting placement by the stoicheiometry of mass fraction to be 2.8%C, 25%W, 1%Si, 1%Mn, 2.5%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.03%P, surplus be ferrum; Above-mentioned again configured steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome dispensing are put in stove and are heated, and smelting temperature is 1530 DEG C, after ferrum liquid is melting down, isothermal processes 6min is carried out with 1550 DEG C of temperature, add ferrum liquid weight 0.15% aluminum shot and carry out pre-deoxidation, be subsequently adding desulfurizing agent, and skim; Come out of the stove after being subsequently added into the aluminum shot final deoxidizing of 0.15%; Then by accounting for the unified little granule being crushed to 3mm of alterant of ferrum liquid quality 0.25 rare earth element, 0.15 Mg and 0.15 Zn preparation, after 200 DEG C dry, it is preset in bottom casting ladle, adopts ladle bottom pouring process that ferrum liquid is bred and Metamorphism treatment; In casting ladle, ferrum liquid stands 2min after going bad, then is poured in water-cooled waterglass sand mold, and pouring temperature is 1450 DEG C, polishing sandblasting after foundry goods cooling, Quenching Treatment 30min at the temperature of 500 DEG C again, then heats to 800 DEG C and processes 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min;Then temper secondary at the temperature of 450 DEG C, each 90min. The abrasion-resistant cast iron material of preparation is carried out performance test, and hardness reaches 67.6HRC; The cuboid that the abrasion-resistant cast iron material prepared is processed into 22 × 40 × 12mm carries out Three-body Abrasive Wear experiment, and loaded load is 130N, and workpiece is weighed once every 10min; Chromium series cast iron (containing 30wt%Cr, 3wt%C) and Q235 steel are carried out wear test contrast simultaneously, finally obtain: material average each wear-out period prepared by the present invention loses about 0.79mm3, abrasion loss is only the 12.9% of contrast cast iron wear volume, is the 2.0% of Q235 wear volume.
Embodiment 3
Steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome raw material are cleaned out, dispensing is carried out by the stoicheiometry of mass fraction to be 3.0%C, 18%W, 1.5%Si, 0.8%Mn, 2%Cr, 0.04%S, 0.04%P, surplus be ferrum, and sorting placement, again by above-mentioned having configured steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome dispensing have been put in stove and have been heated, smelting temperature is 1540 DEG C, after ferrum liquid is melting down, isothermal processes 5min is carried out with 1550 DEG C of temperature, add ferrum liquid weight 0.15% aluminum shot and carry out pre-deoxidation, it is subsequently adding desulfurizing agent, and skims; Come out of the stove after being subsequently added into the aluminium wire final deoxidizing of 0.15%; Then by accounting for the unified little granule being crushed to 5mm of alterant of ferrum liquid quality 0.25 rare earth element, 0.15 Mg and 0.15 Zn preparation, after 200 DEG C dry, it is preset in bottom casting ladle, adopts ladle bottom pouring process that ferrum liquid is bred and Metamorphism treatment; In casting ladle, ferrum liquid stands 2min after going bad, then is poured in water-cooled waterglass sand mold, and pouring temperature is 1450 DEG C, polishing sandblasting after foundry goods cooling, Quenching Treatment 30min at the temperature of 500 DEG C again, then heats to 800 DEG C and processes 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min; Then temper secondary at the temperature of 450 DEG C, each 90min. The abrasion-resistant cast iron material of preparation is carried out performance test, and hardness reaches 67.6HRC; The cuboid that the abrasion-resistant cast iron material prepared is processed into 22 × 40 × 12mm carries out Three-body Abrasive Wear experiment, and loaded load is 130N, and workpiece is weighed once every 10min; Chromium series cast iron (containing 30wt%Cr, 3wt%C) and Q235 steel are carried out wear test contrast simultaneously, finally obtain: material average each wear-out period prepared by the present invention loses about 0.81mm3, abrasion loss is only the 14% of contrast cast iron wear volume, is the 2.1% of Q235 wear volume.
The technical scheme above embodiment of the present invention provided is described in detail, principle and the embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention are set forth by specific case used herein, and the explanation of above example is only applicable to help to understand the principle of the embodiment of the present invention; Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, all will change in detailed description of the invention and range of application, in sum, this specification content should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron, its component is by following mass percent composition: C:2.2-3.0%, W:18-28%, Si:0.5-1.5%, Mn:0.8-1.5%, Cr:2.0-3.0%, S :≤0.06%, P :≤0.06%, surplus is ferrum.
2. a processing technique for chromium manganese tungsten series white cast iron described in claim 1, sequentially includes the following steps:
1) steel scrap, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrochrome are cleaned out, carry out dispensing sorting placement by above-mentioned mass percent requirement;
2) steel scrap of above-mentioned sorting placement, carburant, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese and ferrochrome are put into stove adds hot smelting, after melting down, add aluminium wire or aluminum shot carries out deoxidation, be subsequently adding desulfurizing agent desulfurization, and skim;
3) in the ferrum liquid after coming out of the stove, add alterant again, adopt ladle bottom pouring process that ferrum liquid is bred and Metamorphism treatment;
4) by the iron liquid casting that breeds with Metamorphism treatment to water-cooled waterglass sand mold;
5) polish again after cooling sandblasting, and carry out heat treatment.
3. processing technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: smelting temperature is 1500～1540 DEG C.
4. processing technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the aluminium wire of deoxidation employing or the mass fraction of aluminum shot all account for the 0.1%-0.15% of ferrum liquid quality.
5. processing technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the component of described alterant accounts for ferrum liquid mass percent and is: 0.25 RE, 0.15 Mg, 0.15 Zn.
6. processing technique as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the compound inoculation modificator of said components is crushed to the little granule of 1-5mm, after 200 DEG C dry, it is preset in bottom casting ladle, then the ferrum liquid in casting ladle is bred with Metamorphism treatment after stand 2-3min, pouring into a mould, pouring temperature is 1450 DEG C again.
7. processing technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: during heat treatment, in heat-treatment furnace, first embed Linesless charcoal or be coated with antioxidant coating at surface of the work, then adopting primary quenching to add double tempering process.
8. processing technique as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: at the temperature of 500 DEG C, first process 30min during quenching, then heat to 800 DEG C and process 30min, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C of process 30min.
9. processing technique as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: tempering is process 90min at the temperature of 450 DEG C.
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| CN108385016A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽省含山县兴建铸造厂 | A method of improving the wear resistance of iron casting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108385016A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽省含山县兴建铸造厂 | A method of improving the wear resistance of iron casting |
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