CN105039859A - High-boron, iron-based and abrasion-resistant alloy material and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-boron, iron-based and abrasion-resistant alloy material and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of abrasion resistant materials, in particular to a high-boron, iron-based and abrasion-resistant alloy material and a production method thereof. The high-boron, iron-based and abrasion-resistant alloy material is composed of, by mass, 0.4-0.5% of C, 2.0-2.5% of B, lower than or equal to 1.5% of Si, 0.8-1.5% of Mn, 0.6-0.8% of Cr, 0.1-0.3% of Mo, 0.5-1.0% of Ti, lower than or equal to 0.04% of S, lower than or equal to 0.04% of P and the balance Fe. By means of the production method, an electromagnetic stirrer is omitted, and the cost of the production process is low; the cost of the modification treatment technology is low, and the modification treatment method is simple. The defects that Fe2B in an existing high-boron and abrasion-resistant alloy material is of a net form, and the number of particles of the net form needs to be decreased by prolonging the reservation time of high temperature or adopting electromagnetic mixing in heat treatment are overcome. The roughness and performance reliability of the high-boron, iron-based and abrasion-resistant alloy material are improved, and the overall use performance is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-abrasive material field, is a kind of high boron iron-based wear resistant alloy material and production method thereof specifically.
Background technology
At present, mostly that application has the high-abrasive material of martensite or bainite matrix or except martensite, bainite or residual austenite matrix, also has the third generation high-abrasive material of particulates reinforcements in high-abrasive material field--rich chromium cast iron exploitation wear-resisting spare part, owing to also having the wild phase Cr of high rigidity in rich chromium cast iron
7c
3its carbide microhardness reaches HV1300 ~ 1600, therefore its than front two generation high-abrasive material-white cast iron and high mangaenese steel performance had and promoted by a relatively large margin, hardness can reach HRC60 ~ 65, but because its carbide presents long strip shape and thicker usually, therefore its impelling strength is general all at 3 ~ 7J/cm
2between, some also has lower than 3J/cm
2, generally lower, material is relatively crisp, and shock-resistance is poor, and thus its comprehensive wear resisting property is not still desirable especially.
Along with the severe and equipment maximization further of the operating modes such as some engineering machinery, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, such as, in EQUIPMENT MARKET GUIDE such as sand machine equipment processed, hot rolls, more and more urgent to the high-abrasive material demand with more high-wearing feature.In this case, forefathers, through lot of experiments, develop high vanadium high-abrasive material to manufacture wear-resisting key components and parts, to meet the service demand improving workpiece actual service life under bad working environments.
Abroad oneself develops the high-vanadium high-speed steel based on VC particle reinforce height vanadium composite abrasion resistance material after deliberation, because VC particle has high rigidity (HV2600), group's all multiple features such as spherical morphology, Dispersed precipitate, making to be compared to third generation high-abrasive material-rich chromium cast iron (carbide hardness, long strip shape, irregular distribution) based on the wear resisting property of VC particle reinforce composite abrasion resistance material and impelling strength has had and has significantly promoted; And be successfully applied to the wear resistance castingses such as roll for hot-rolling, roll for cold rolling, pulverizer tup, ball grinding machine lining board.Also started to walk to research and develop the composite abrasion resistance material based on VC particle reinforce in China, and successfully started to be applied to hot roll wearing piece.Although use at present casting technique exploitation to be substantially tending towards ripe based on the research of the aspects such as the coagulating property of the granule enhancement type composite abrasion resistance material of VC, metamorphic mechanism and thermal treatment process feature.But high vanadium high-abrasive material still has some technical fields to await breaking through, to impel its wear resisting property more reliable and more stable.
But, the vanadium in high vanadium high-abrasive material and rich chromium cast iron and chromium constituent content higher, its cost of alloy is all higher.In order to reduce costs, people develop again high-boron wear-resistant alloy material, utilize the high rigidity Fe wherein generated
2b, its pellet hardness reaches HV1300 ~ 1500, substantially quite or slightly surmounts with carbide hardness in rich chromium cast iron.So just likely accomplish suitable with wear resistance of high-chromium iron energy and cost will low 30 ~ 40 ﹪.
Therefore, high-boron wear-resistant alloy material is developed and to be applied to engineering practice significant.But high-boron wear-resistant alloy material causes boride to form net distribution due to the easy segregation of B element, unfavorable and reduce its wear resisting property to the impelling strength of high-boron wear-resistant alloy material.So, technique means must be taked to improve the net distribution feature of boride.
In the prior art scheme, for high-boron wear-resistant alloy material, in order to improve its boride net distribution, improve mechanical property and the wear resisting property of high-boron wear-resistant alloy material, people have employed some technique means in succession:
1. consider from solidifying process angle, adopt induction stirring processing method to improve the distribution of boride, make it present disconnected net distribution;
2. from alterant angle, successively have employed add Re+Ti or Zr, the agent of V, N iso-metamorphism method to improve Impact Toughness of Alloy and wear resisting property;
3. from thermal treatment process angle, adopt high temperature section Isothermal treatment, by extending high-temperature holding time, border acute angle is melted, netted boride is developed becomes suspension shape, thus boride pattern is significantly improved.
But adopt electromagnetic agitation method to improve, device can be too complicated, and running cost can be higher, and some difficulty is understood in some application scenario; Adopt heat-treatment technology method to make netted boride present suspension shape, because the soaking time of high temperature section is long, easily make matrix alligatoring, its wear resisting property can be affected on the contrary, unfavorable to wear resisting property; And adopt the method for adding alterant, really can play good Metamorphism treatment effect; But operator be there are certain requirements, certain guarantee to be had to the amount of alterant; This method is strong to alterant dependency.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides one and can save production cost, do not need to adopt electromagnetic mixing apparatus, do not need to depend on the soaking time extending high temperature section and present suspension to make netted boride yet, do not need to rely on completely the high boron iron-based wear resistant alloy material that alterant plays a role yet, the component of this material is by following mass percent composition: C:0.4--0.5%, B:2.0--2.5%, Si :≤1.5%, Mn:0.8--1.5%, Cr:0.6-0.8%, Mo:0.1--0.3%, Ti:0.5--1.0%, S :≤0.04%, P :≤0.04%, surplus is iron.
This material use B replaces Cr element in rich chromium cast iron, in iron-based body, generate high rigidity Fe
2b particle; In order to the Grain Boundary Segregation reduced because of B element forms more meshing compound tissue, the Ti element adding 0.5--1.0 ﹪ in iron liquid makes it can generate tiny Ti in iron
2b particle and being uniformly distributed, consumes excessive B element; On the other hand, equally distributed tiny Ti
2b particle is easily as Fe
2the crystallization nuclei of B particle, is also conducive to promoting Fe
2b particle is uniformly distributed in the base, reduces the net distribution that it occurs at crystal boundary.Because workpiece generally has certain thickness, add a certain amount of chromium Cr element and molybdenum Mo element as the element improving hardening capacity, add the addition of C r element simultaneously and be conducive to stable Fe
2b particle; Ti is generated because Ti element is easily combined with B element
2b particle, so, add appropriate Ti unit and usually digest oversaturated B element.This material adopts the chemical composition design of hypoeutectic alloy, makes Fe in high-boron wear-resistant alloy material
2b particle form presents suspension shape, generates a certain amount of hard Ti simultaneously
2b particle, impels hard particles to distribute more even.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of production method of high boron iron-based wear resistant alloy material, and it carries out according to the following steps:
1) steel scrap, ferro-boron, ferrotianium, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese are cleaned out, carry out weighing and burden by above-mentioned mass percent requirement, and sorting placement;
2) steel scrap after above-mentioned weighing, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and molybdenum-iron are put into stove and add hot smelting, add ferro-boron in the melting later stage, treat melting down laggard row isothermal processes, then add aluminium wire or aluminum shot carries out pre-deoxidation, then add sweetening agent desulfurization, and skim;
3) stokehold is by said ratio adjusting component, qualified rear rising furnace temperature, then adds ferrotianium in stove, comes out of the stove after then adding aluminium wire or the process of aluminum shot final deoxygenation;
4) in the iron liquid after coming out of the stove, add compound inoculation modificator, adopt ladle bottom pouring process to breed and Metamorphism treatment iron liquid;
5) the iron liquid bred with Metamorphism treatment is poured into a mould;
6) carry out after casting complete cooling, clearing up process, then sandblasting of polishing, and heat-treat.
As preferably, melting adopts medium-frequency induction furnace, and the furnace lining of electric furnace adopts basic material.
As preferably, smelting temperature is 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C, and isothermal treatment temperatures is 1600 DEG C, and the isothermal processes time is 5-8min.
As preferably, in step (3), furnace temperature rises between 1620-1650 DEG C.
As preferably, the massfraction of the aluminium wire that pre-deoxidation and final deoxygenation adopt or aluminum shot all accounts for the 0.1%-0.15% of iron liquid quality.
As preferably, the component of described inoculation modificator accounts for iron liquid mass percent and is: 0.10 ﹪ Ti, 0.25 ﹪ RE, 0.15 ﹪ Mg, 0.15 ﹪ Zn.
As preferably, the inoculation modificator of said components is crushed to the small-particle of 1-5mm, after drying through 200 DEG C, is preset in bottom casting ladle, then carries out breeding and Metamorphism treatment.
As preferably, the iron liquid in casting ladle is bred with Metamorphism treatment after leave standstill 2-3min, then pour into a mould, teeming temperature is 1510-1540 DEG C.
As preferably, during thermal treatment, in heat treatment furnace, first embed charcoal or at workpiece surface coating antioxidant coating, then adopt 1000 DEG C to be incubated shrend after 2h, then adopt 200 DEG C of temper 4h.
Compared with prior art, production method of the present invention eliminates magnetic stirrer, and its production technique cost is lower; And Modification Treatment Technique cost compare is low, metamorphism treatment method is comparatively simple.Present method overcomes Fe in existing high-boron wear-resistant alloy material
2there are netted form needs by reducing the defect of the amounts of particles of netted form at the long high-temperature holding time of thermal treatment time delay or use induction stirring in B, improve the toughness of this high-boron wear-resistant alloy material and the reliability of this performance, further increase comprehensive use properties.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-boron wear-resistant alloy material low power suspension design sketch of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is high-boron wear-resistant alloy material high power suspension design sketch of the present invention.
Embodiment
High-boron wear-resistant alloy material chemical composition mass percent of the present invention is: C:0.4--0.5%, B:2.0--2.5%, Si :≤1.5%, Mn:0.8--1.5%, Cr:0.6--0.8%, Mo:0.1--0.3%, Ti:0.5--1.0%, S :≤0.04%, P :≤0.04%, and surplus is iron.Wherein, element silicon derives from steel scrap.
In the present invention, each element is as follows:
C: carbon is concerning most important high boron composite wear-resisting alloy materials microstructure and performance, and it is mainly solid-solution in matrix and plays solution strengthening effect, can also promote matrix martensitic transformation, improves the hardenability of composite wear-resisting alloy material matrix.Carbon content is too high, can increase body material fragility, too low, and the through hardening performance that can affect matrix causes its wear resistance to reduce.Therefore, C content should be controlled between 0.4 ~ 0.5%.
B:B is Fe
2the main forming element of B particle, is easily formed with Fe element reaction and presents netted Fe in a large number in iron liquid process of setting
2b particle, is distributed in high-boron wear-resistant alloy material and plays wear-resisting skeleton function.
Cr and Mo: by adding Cr(0 ~ 1 ﹪) and Mo(0.2 ﹪) play stable Fe
2the effect of B, selects control Cr content to be that≤1 ﹪, Cr can reduce Fe
2the essential fragility of B phase; Cr also can react with C and form Cr
6c, Cr
7c
3and Cr
23c
6in carbide, but due to Cr element add-on less, can only be solid-solution in austenite, main improve hardenability and the hardening capacity of matrix and play stable Fe
2the effect of B.Mo also can form Mo
2c carbide, but due to add-on little, be merely able to be solid-solution in matrix.Therefore, add Cr and Mo in matrix and can play stable Fe
2the effect of B.
Ti: titanium is Ti
2b forming element, can react with the B element in iron liquid and form Ti that is tiny, Dispersed precipitate
2b particle, can reduce the distribution of B element at crystal boundary, is conducive to the net distribution weakening boride, disconnects its net distribution, boride pattern can be impelled to present disconnected net-like character.
The melting of high-boron wear-resistant alloy material of the present invention adopts 750kg medium-frequency induction furnace to realize, and adopt basic lining material, its main technological steps is as follows:
1) starting material such as steel scrap, ferro-boron, ferrotianium, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese are cleaned out, and according to chemical composition require to carry out preparing burden and taking, sorting placement.
2) steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and molybdenum-iron are put into stove to heat, after molten iron is melting down, add aluminium wire or aluminum particulate carries out pre-deoxidation, then add sweetening agent and skim, complete pre-deoxidation and desulfurization.
3) phase adds ferro-boron after being melted down, isothermal processes 5 ~ 8min is carried out, then stokehold adjusting component, by between temperature increase to 1600 ~ 1650 DEG C after qualified after melting down, add ferro-titanium again in electric melting furnace, come out of the stove after then adding the aluminium wire of weight of molten iron 0.1% ~ 0.15% or aluminum particulate final deoxygenation.
4) by unified for the compound inoculation modificator prepared by the design proportion small-particle being crushed to 1 ~ 5mm, after drying through 200 DEG C, be preset in the bottom of casting ladle, adopt ladle bottom pouring process to breed and Metamorphism treatment molten iron.
5) molten iron leaving standstill 2 ~ 3min after iron liquid in casting ladle is rotten is poured into a mould, teeming temperature be 1510 ~ 1540 DEG C (can appropriate regulation teeming temperature depending on temperature Change).
6) treat after casting complete that foundry goods cools more than 30 minutes in sandbox, foundry goods outlet cools and does cleaning process, heat-treats after polishing sandblasting.
In the present invention, the design of components of compound inoculation modificator is: 0.10 ﹪ Ti+0.25 ﹪ RE+0.15 ﹪ Mg+0.15 ﹪ Zn.By adopting chemical composition design of the present invention and corresponding process of preparing, achieve more excellent actual effect.For adopting the actual effect of the high-boron wear-resistant alloy material of process of preparing of the present invention production as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, in figure, be organized as its as cast condition suspension tissue; Visible, the high-boron wear-resistant alloy effectiveness comparison of its actual casting is desirable.
In fusion process, usually adopt conventional cast steel deslagging agent to remove impurity element and inclusion in molten steel, because containing Ti element in Composition Design, and Ti element easily generates harmful TiN, Ti
2o
3, Ti
2the inclusiones such as S.Therefore, making it give full play to heterogeneous nuclei and inoculation(effect) to improve Ti element interaction, the deslagging process that the present invention adopts the desulfurization of first deoxidation-again and skims for 3 times, because the activity of oxygen is greater than sulphur, being conducive to by first deoxidation the actual effect improving desulfurization; Adopt aluminium wire to carry out deoxidation, adopt special cast steel sweetening agent to carry out desulfurization process; By the Slag inclusion in abundant and repeated multiple times gathering molten steel, and through skimming and get rid of clean repeatedly.Relatively more abundant owing to skimming at every turn, and number of times is more; Therefore, skimming of molten steel is relatively more thorough, is conducive to improving Ti element recovery rate and playing its heterogeneous nuclei and inoculation(effect), thus can alleviates the net distribution of B segregation and corresponding boride thereof.
In heat treatment process, because quenching technology can produce a large amount of unstable state residual austenite body tissues, carbon can be made in martensitic stucture toward diffusive migration in residual austenite body tissue by follow-up tempering process, increase the carbon content of residual austenite body tissue, thus improve the room temperature stability improving residual austenite body tissue.The present invention adopts the thermal treatment process of optimization to be: 1000 DEG C of insulation shrend+200 DEG C of tempering in 4 hours after 2 hours, can reduce like this or the content of residual austenite and stability in flexible matrix.In addition, the fusing of netted boride local can be made by quenching or in the nodularization of approximate group, avoid or reduce the net distribution of boride, improving impelling strength and the wear resisting property of high-boron wear-resistant alloy material.In addition, high-boron wear-resistant alloy material is oxidized seriously in high-temperature heat treatment process, needs in heat treatment furnace, to embed charcoal or apply antioxidant coating, to eliminate or to alleviate workpiece surface high temperature oxidation and decarburization phenomenon at workpiece surface to be heated.
In iron liquid casting ladle, add compound inoculation modificator carry out Metamorphism treatment, wherein containing a certain amount of rare earth magnesium and zinc, rare earth has deoxidization desulfuration effect on the one hand, the rare-earth sulfide generated, rare earth oxide and rare-earth oxide sulfate can be excluded, further purification can be done to iron liquid, rare earth and magnesium elements can enrichments in the melt of austenite dendrites crystallization front, forming component crosses cold-zone, are conducive to austenite dendrites to polycrystalline development and reduce dendrite interval.On the other hand rare earth, magnesium and zinc element are surface active elements, easily at a certain preferred growth crystal face of carbide by adsorption selection, thus suppress preferentially growing up of carbide crystal face.Magnesium in alterant and zinc element boiling point low, also can produce a large amount of atomic group and cause the room on carbide dot matrix by rapid vaporization after adding iron liquid, the existence in room accelerates dissolving and the diffusion, particularly zinc of carbide, magnesium and boride Fe
2between B, wettability is better, thus is conducive to promoting boride Fe
2b presents disconnected net distribution, makes its limit water chestnut more round blunt, causes its form of boride to improve.
Above the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is described in detail, apply specific case herein to set forth the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above embodiment is only applicable to the principle helping to understand the embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, embodiment and range of application all will change, and in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind high boron iron-based wear resistant alloy material, its component is by following mass percent composition: C:0.4--0.5%, B:2.0--2.5%, Si :≤1.5%, Mn:0.8--1.5%, Cr:0.6-0.8%, Mo:0.1--0.3%, Ti:0.5--1.0%, S :≤0.04%, P :≤0.04%, surplus is iron.
2. a production method for high boron iron-based wear resistant alloy material described in claim 1, it carries out according to the following steps:
1) steel scrap, ferro-boron, ferrotianium, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese are cleaned out, carry out weighing and burden by above-mentioned mass percent requirement, and sorting placement;
2) steel scrap after above-mentioned weighing, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and molybdenum-iron are put into stove and add hot smelting, add ferro-boron in the melting later stage, treat melting down laggard row isothermal processes, then add aluminium wire or aluminum shot carries out pre-deoxidation, then add sweetening agent desulfurization, and skim;
3) stokehold is by said ratio adjusting component, qualified rear rising furnace temperature, then adds ferrotianium in stove, comes out of the stove after then adding aluminium wire or the process of aluminum shot final deoxygenation;
4) in the iron liquid after coming out of the stove, add compound inoculation modificator, adopt ladle bottom pouring process to breed and Metamorphism treatment iron liquid;
5) the iron liquid bred with Metamorphism treatment is poured into a mould;
6) carry out after casting complete cooling, clearing up process, then sandblasting of polishing, and heat-treat.
3. production method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: melting adopts medium-frequency induction furnace, and the furnace lining of electric furnace adopts basic material.
4. production method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: smelting temperature is 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C, isothermal treatment temperatures is 1600 DEG C, and the isothermal processes time is 5-8min.
5. production method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (3), furnace temperature rises between 1620-1650 DEG C.
6. production method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the massfraction of the aluminium wire that pre-deoxidation and final deoxygenation adopt or aluminum shot all accounts for the 0.1%-0.15% of iron liquid quality.
7. production method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the component of described inoculation modificator accounts for iron liquid mass percent and is: 0.10 ﹪ Ti, 0.25 ﹪ RE, 0.15 ﹪ Mg, 0.15 ﹪ Zn.
8. production method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the small-particle inoculation modificator of said components being crushed to 1-5mm, after drying, is preset in bottom casting ladle, then carries out breeding and Metamorphism treatment through 200 DEG C.
9. production method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the iron liquid in casting ladle is bred with Metamorphism treatment after leave standstill 2-3min, then pour into a mould, teeming temperature is 1510-1540 DEG C.
10. production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: during thermal treatment, in heat treatment furnace, first embeds charcoal or at workpiece surface coating antioxidant coating, then adopts 1000 DEG C to be incubated shrend after 2h, then adopts 200 DEG C of temper 4h.
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| CN105714188A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-29 | 柳州凯通新材料科技有限公司 | Medium-carbon alloy steel wear-resistant material and preparing method thereof |
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| CN105908094A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 柳州凯通新材料科技有限公司 | Production method of composite anti-wear steel plate |
| CN109234640A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-18 | 泉州市恒通机械配件有限公司 | A kind of cast steel and its production technology |
| CN111218540A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 曾松盛 | High-boron iron-based wear-resistant alloy, preparation method and part thereof |
| CN111304546A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-19 | 四川泰铸耐磨材料有限公司 | Super-strength wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof |
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