CN105669449B - 一种氯羟酯的合成方法及其在特种油中的应用 - Google Patents

一种氯羟酯的合成方法及其在特种油中的应用 Download PDF

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CN105669449B
CN105669449B CN201610115004.3A CN201610115004A CN105669449B CN 105669449 B CN105669449 B CN 105669449B CN 201610115004 A CN201610115004 A CN 201610115004A CN 105669449 B CN105669449 B CN 105669449B
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epoxychloropropane
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陆静
程庆华
刘霁
余杨柳
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NEUFTECH BIOTECH (HEFEI) CO Ltd
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    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/24Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with a carbon-to-oxygen ether bond, e.g. acetal, tetrahydrofuran
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    • C07C69/22Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氯羟酯的合成方法及其在特种油中的应用,其特征在于:以有机酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料,并加入适量催化剂,在100℃‑140℃条件下回流反应3‑5小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得目标产物。本发明通过选择D92型离子液体催化剂来合成氯羟酯,具有反应温度低、催化剂添加量少、反应时间短、酯化率高等特点,且生产的产品酸值小。

Description

一种氯羟酯的合成方法及其在特种油中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及化工领域,具体地说是一种氯羟酯的合成及在特种油中的应用。
背景技术
氯羟酯,它具有合成酯类的优良抗磨性能、优良的粘温特性、良好的低温特性、高温稳定性及低挥发性,因而能满足较高的润滑极压要求,尤其适合在特种油行业中的应用。
氯羟酯具有润滑性能优、PD值高、粘度指数高、抗燃性好、生物降解率高、毒性低等特性,是一种绿色润滑油,其作为油性剂在冷轧薄板轧制油、钢管拉拔油、切削油及其它金属加工液中广泛使用,尤其适合一些加工难度大的场合,氯羟酯也可作为纺织皮革助剂的中间体和纺织油剂。
发明内容
本发明是为避免上述现有技术所存在的不足之处,提供一种氯羟酯的合成方法及其在特种油中的应用。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案:
本发明首先公开了一种氯羟酯的合成方法,其特点在于:以有机酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料,并加入适量催化剂,在100℃-140℃条件下回流反应3-5小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得目标产物;
所述有机酸选自油酸、月桂酸、辛酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸中的任意一种;
所述有机酸和环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:5;
所述催化剂为D92型离子液体催化剂。
作为优选,所述催化剂的添加量为原料质量的0.15%-0.35%。
更有选的,所述有机酸为油酸或硬脂酸,所述催化剂添加量为0.25%。
本发明还进一步提供了上述合成方法所合成的氯羟酯在特种油中的应用。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明通过选择催化剂为D92型离子液体催化剂(来自合肥绿酯金属保护材料有限公司,可市场购买),合成氯羟酯,具有反应温度低、催化剂添加量少、反应时间短、酯化率高等特点,且生产的产品酸值小。
2、本发明所合成的氯羟酯具有生物降解性,同时具有毒性低和润滑极压功能。
3、本发明在特种油中用氯羟酯代替部分润滑极压剂,提高特种油润滑极压剂性能,可以提高特种油的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
本发明选择油酸、月桂酸、辛酸、硬脂酸或棕榈酸作为有机酸,与环氧氯丙烷、D92型离子液体催化剂,通过正交化试验研究有机酸与环氧氯丙烷的不同反应摩尔比、催化剂添加量、反应时间、反应温度对酯化程度的影响。
油酸与环氧氯丙烷的正交化试验如表1所示(酸值越低,酯化度越高):
表1、油酸与环氧氯丙烷的正交化试验
由表1可知,当油酸与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比是1:5、催化剂添加量为0.25%、反应温度140℃、在常压下反应时间为4h时,产物酸值为0.2mgKOH/g,酯化度最高;当油酸与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比是1:5、催化剂添加量为0.35%、反应温度为140℃、在常压下反应时间为3h时,产物酸值为0.6mgKOH/g,酯化度次之;当油酸与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比是1:5、催化剂添加量为0.35%、反应温度为140℃、在常压下反应5个小时,产物酸值为0.8mgKOH/g;通过综合经济效益考虑,当油酸与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:5时,最终选择催化剂添加量为0.25%、反应温度为140℃、常压下回流反应时间为4h。
根据当油酸与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:5时的正交试验结果,本发明又利用辛酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸和棕榈酸进行了反应,结果如表2:
表2、不同油酸与环氧氯丙烷的反应
通过表1和表2,可以看出:在同等条件下,辛酸和环氧氯丙烷酯化度最高,但五种有机酸都可以和环氧氯丙烷进行酯化反应。
实施例1
称取462.5g环氧氯丙烷和282g油酸加入平底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加入1.86g的D92型离子液体催化剂,搅拌、加热,控制温度为140℃,回流反应4小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得酸值为0.2mgKOH/g的最终产品。
实施例2
称取462.5g环氧氯丙烷和144g辛酸加入平底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加入1.52g的D92型离子液体催化剂,搅拌、加热,控制温度为140℃,回流反应4小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得酸值为0.12mgKOH/g的最终产品。
实施例3
称取462.5g环氧氯丙烷和200g月桂酸加入平底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加入1.65g的D92型离子液体催化剂,搅拌、加热,控制温度为140℃,反应4小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得酸值为0.3mgKOH/g的最终产品。
实施例4
称取462.5g环氧氯丙烷和284g硬酯酸加入平底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加入1.86g的D92型离子液体催化剂,搅拌、加热,控制温度为140℃,反应4小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得酸值为0.25mgKOH/g的最终产品。
实施例5
称取462.5g环氧氯丙烷和256g棕榈酸加入平底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加入1.79g的D92型离子液体催化剂,搅拌、加热,控制温度为140℃,反应4小时,最后蒸留出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得酸值为0.3mgKOH/g的最终产品。
实施例6
称取3g妥尔油酸加入烧杯中,再加入6g的二乙醇胺、3g的超酰胺和5g(实施例1制备的)氯羟酯,边加热边搅拌,升温至55℃,搅拌均匀后加入14g石油磺酸钠、5g硼酸酯、1g山梨醇酐单油酸酯S-80、1g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-3、40g 22#锭子油,继续搅拌均匀,最后边搅拌边加入22g水,即得到黄色透明的切削液。
本实施例所得切削液PB值为784N,PD值为1960N,5%铸铁屑/滤纸法防锈性0级,5%pH值9.1。
实施例7
称取2g妥尔油酸加入烧杯中,再加入6g的二乙醇胺、8g的超酰胺和4g(实施例1制备的)氯羟酯,边加热边搅拌,升温至55℃,搅拌均匀后加入12g重苯基石油磺酸钠、2g乙二醇单丁醚、2g硼酸酯、1g山梨醇酐单油酸酯S-80、1g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-3、20g 22#锭子油,继续搅拌均匀,最后边搅拌边加入43g水,即得到黄色透明的切削液。
本实施例所得切削液PB值为755N,PD值为1569N,5%铸铁屑/滤纸法防锈性0级,5%pH值9.4。

Claims (2)

1.一种氯羟酯的合成方法,其特征在于:以有机酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料,并加入适量催化剂,在100℃-140℃条件下回流反应3-5小时,最后蒸馏 出多余的环氧氯丙烷,即得目标产物;
所述催化剂的添加量为原料质量的0.15%-0.35%;
所述有机酸选自油酸、月桂酸、辛酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸中的任意一种;
所述有机酸和环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:5;
所述催化剂为D92型离子液体催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氯羟酯的合成方法,其特征在于:所述有机酸为油酸或硬脂酸,所述催化剂添加量为0.25%。
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