CN105660564A - 茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法 - Google Patents

茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法 Download PDF

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CN105660564A
CN105660564A CN201610104879.3A CN201610104879A CN105660564A CN 105660564 A CN105660564 A CN 105660564A CN 201610104879 A CN201610104879 A CN 201610104879A CN 105660564 A CN105660564 A CN 105660564A
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王敏鑫
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Wuxi Xinyu Biotechnology Co Ltd
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    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
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    • A01M1/106—Catching insects by using Traps for flying insects
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof

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Abstract

本发明具体涉及茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法。茶树害虫茶尺蠖在茶区为害猖獗，而茶园中重要的寄生蜂—茶尺蠖寄生蜂，寄生并产卵于茶尺蠖幼虫体内，自然情况下该蜂的密度不高，无法有效控制茶尺蠖。本发明的目的是通过昆虫信息物质和色诱相结合的方法有效控制茶尺蠖。本发明的技术方案包括以下步骤：(1)用茶树释放的挥发性气体中提取的味源物配制成寄生蜂诱集剂；（2）在橡皮头上注入寄生蜂诱集剂制成诱芯；(3)将诱芯安置在鹦鹉绿或嫩绿或芽绿色的彩色球上，组成诱集器；(4)将诱集器放入茶园诱集茶尺蠖寄生蜂。本发明的效果是：短时间内诱来茶园周围的寄生蜂，从而高效利用寄生蜂控制茶尺蠖，减免化学防治；使用方便简捷；成本低。

Description

茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法
技术领域
本发明属茶尺蠖茶树害虫防治技术，具体涉及一种茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法。
技术背景
20世纪70年代以来，茶树害虫茶尺蠖在浙、苏、皖茶区猖獗为害，并逐步向其它茶区扩展。茶尺蠖属于昆虫纲鳞翅目尺蠖科，在浙江省一年发生6～7代，在江苏、安徽和江西1年发生5～6代，以幼虫咀食茶树嫩梢，严重发生时也咀食成叶和老叶，甚至啃食树皮，严重影响茶树生长。据调查，许多茶场一年施药7～10多次以防治茶尺蠖，过度施用化学农药已大量杀伤天敌，削减茶园生物多样性，造成的茶叶农残已影响健康饮用和茶叶出口；而且已造成该害虫具有较强的抗药性。现阶段我国大力发展无公害茶叶和有机茶，我国农业部已规定无公害茶叶是市场的准入标准，限制使用农药的种类和剂量；有机茶园则禁用化学农药。今后，在我国的茶园中化学农药的用量将逐渐减少，必须开拓新的防治方法。
茶园中的茶尺蠖寄生蜂，寄生并产卵于茶尺蠖幼虫体内，起到控制茶尺蠖的作用。自然情况下该蜂的密度不高，无法有效控制茶尺蠖。国内有报导用芽绿、素馨黄、橄榄黄绿、玉髓绿、孔雀绿、蓝绿、墨绿、茉莉黄和雪白色引诱茶尺蠖寄生蜂。经我们试验其中除芽绿色较好外其它颜色效果并不明显。
发明内容
鉴于以上情况我们依据中国科学院编译出版委员会编撰的精典《色谱》，经试验优选出鹦鹉绿和嫩绿有与芽绿相同的引诱茶尺蠖寄生蜂的效果；我们在研究中还发现茶尺蠖为害的茶树释放的挥发性气味能吸引茶尺蠖寄生蜂，并在茶尺蠖为害的茶树释放的挥发性气体中提取出顺-3-己烯-1-醇、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、正己醛、正戊醇、罗勒烯、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物、顺-2-己烯醛、1-戊烯-3-醇、2-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、丁酸-3-己烯酯、1-辛醇、吲哚和橙花醇味源物，然后采用“Y”形嗅觉仪用生物测定方法确定其中的橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物是对茶尺蠖寄生蜂有较强引诱作用的昆虫信息物质，据此我们作出了本发明。
本发明的目的是通过昆虫信息物质和色诱相结合的方法提供一种茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法。
本发明的技术方案是：一种茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法包括以下步骤：
(1)配置寄生蜂诱集剂：用正已烷为溶剂配制浓度均为10-4g/ml的橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物，再按序以1∶10∶10∶10∶10的比例配制成寄生蜂诱集剂；
（2）制作诱芯：用有机溶剂漂洗天然橡胶24～36小时后，将诱集剂注入橡皮头制成诱芯；
(3)组成茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器：将诱芯安置在鹦鹉绿或嫩绿或芽绿色的球体上，组成茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器；
(4)将诱集器放入茶园诱集茶尺蠖寄生蜂。
所述球体的材料为塑料。
本发明的优点：
能短时间内诱来茶园周围的大量寄生蜂，从而高效利用寄生蜂控制茶尺蠖，减免化学防治；无污染，有助于当前的高效生态茶业生产；使用方便简捷；成本低。
附图说明
图1是茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器结构示意图。
图2是提取味源物的示意图。
图中：1-球体、2-诱芯、3-压缩空气瓶、4和8-流量计、5-玻璃柱、6-SuperQ吸附柱、7-真空泵。
具体实施方式
实例
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明：
首先是获取橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物，可购买相应的化合物，也可从茶树中提取。本实施例采用吸附法从被茶尺蠖为害茶树释放的挥发性气体中提取味源物：制作两头带有口径为8cm两端细小开口、中空的玻璃柱5，容积5L左右，进口依次接压缩空气瓶3、流量计4，出口依次接SuperQ吸附柱6、真空泵7（容量为10L）、流量计8。在吸附挥发物之前，将SuperQ吸附柱6在270～280℃，通氮活化6小时；在玻璃柱5中加入200g左右经茶尺蠖为害的茶树梢，吹入空气，同时从SuperQ吸附柱6后抽气，并用流量计4和8控制进、出气流量都为每分钟300mL左右。12小时后取下SuperQ吸附柱6，用重蒸乙醚淋洗，再用氮气缓慢吹扫至15～30μL，吸取1μL注入GC-MS（气相色谱-质谱联用仪）检测，配合标样鉴定组分。鉴定出橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物。接着是：
(1)配置寄生蜂诱集剂：用正已烷为溶剂配制浓度均为10-4g/ml的橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物，再按序以1∶10∶10∶10∶10的比例配制成寄生蜂诱集剂41mL；（2）制作诱芯：用无水乙醇漂洗天然橡胶30小时，洗去杂质，晾干制成橡皮头并注入寄生蜂诱集剂制成诱芯；(3)组成茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器：将诱芯用粘结剂分别粘在用塑料制作的鹦鹉绿、嫩绿和芽绿色且直径为25cm的彩色球体上，制成这三种不同颜色的茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器。(4)将诱集器放入茶园诱集茶尺蠖寄生蜂：将三种不同色的诱集器在茶尺蠖幼虫种群始盛期的7月，在无锡市茶叶品种研究所李家湾茶园的一块茶尺蠖常发的茶园中使用：茶尺蠖虫口基数平均为32.5头/㎡，茶丛面积50亩，选其中的10亩为对照，不放诱集器；45亩为诱集区，每15亩放一种颜色的诱集器诱集器，诱集器用木架支于茶树间，下边缘与茶梢平齐，诱集器之间的距离为3～15m，诱集寄生蜂前来寄生茶尺蠖幼虫，共放置150个诱集器。
10天后，分别在诱集区和对照区棋盘式取样10个样方，每样方为1㎡茶丛，将每个样方一分为二，用力拍打茶枝以振落茶丛上寄生蜂的茧。查得嫩绿色诱集区10个样方平均茧数为9.5±2.0头，芽绿色诱集区10个样方平均茧数为10.1±1.7头，鹦鹉绿诱集区10个样方平均茧数为9.6±1.5头，对照区10个样方平均茧数为2.5±0.3头。从调查所得数据可知以信息物质和色诱相结合的茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法效果显著。

Claims (2)

1.一种茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法，其特征是包括如下步骤：
(1)配置寄生蜂诱集剂：用正已烷为溶剂配制浓度均为10-4g/ml的橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醛、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和水杨酸甲酯味源物，再按序以1∶10∶10∶10∶10的比例配制成寄生蜂诱集剂；
（2）制作诱芯：用有机溶剂漂洗天然橡胶24～36小时后，将诱集剂注入橡皮头制成诱芯；
（3）组成茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器：将诱芯安置在鹦鹉绿、嫩绿或芽绿色的球体上，组成茶尺蠖寄生蜂诱集器；
（4）将诱集器放入茶园诱集茶尺蠖寄生蜂。
2.按照权利要求1所述的茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法，其特征在于步骤（3）所述的球体材料为塑料。
CN201610104879.3A 2016-02-25 2016-02-25 茶尺蠖寄生蜂田间诱集方法 Pending CN105660564A (zh)

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CN112690253A (zh) * 2021-01-22 2021-04-23 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 一种黑盾胡蜂降低灰茶尺蠖危害的防护工具及方法

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CN102125036A (zh) * 2010-12-15 2011-07-20 安徽农业大学 茶尺蠖性信息素的组合物及其诱芯以及诱芯的使用方法
CN102499204A (zh) * 2011-11-10 2012-06-20 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 白蜡虫寄生蜂的诱捕方法
CN102911136A (zh) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-06 厦门大学 一种茶尺蠖性信息素的立体选择性合成方法
CN104798781A (zh) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-29 中国计量学院 一种蚜茧蜂诱集剂及其应用

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CN112690253A (zh) * 2021-01-22 2021-04-23 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 一种黑盾胡蜂降低灰茶尺蠖危害的防护工具及方法

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