CN105652147A - Single/double-circuit power-transmission-line whole-line high-precision fault range finding method - Google Patents
Single/double-circuit power-transmission-line whole-line high-precision fault range finding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A single/double-circuit power-transmission-line whole-line high-precision fault range finding method is disclosed. Range finding precision of many existing range finding schemes of a general long-distance power transmission line middle section fault is not easy to control because the fault is far away from a measurement apparatus and there are a plurality of range finding influence factors. In the invention, through listing a two-end calculation voltage amplitude ratio under a fault line equivalence network, a proportion function of a distance from a fault point to a line end in a whole length of the line is derived so as to realize accurate range finding to the power transmission line fault. In addition, in order to widen an application scope of the fault range finding method, through considering electrical characteristic differences of a double-circuit line and a single-circuit line, according to a network structure characteristic of a double-circuit power transmission line, and from an aspect of equivalent transformation, a terminal voltage amplitude comparison range finding method adapting to the double-circuit power transmission line is provided. By using the method, range finding operation is simple; a range finding result is not influenced by a transition impedance; a whole line range finding precision is high and a suitable scope is wide. A problem that power transmission line middle section range finding precision is poor can be well solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to relay protection field in power system, particularly a kind of list/double back transmission line high accuracy fault completelyDistance-finding method.
Background technology
Power transmission line is the key of remote, large capacity delivery of electrical energy. In power system, transmission line of electricity is the probability that breaks downThe highest electrical equipment. Determine transmission line malfunction position fast accurate, can facilitate fault to get rid of, fast recovery of power supply,Reduce economic loss. Therefore, be engaged in transmission line fault range finding research to impelling power system safety and stability operation to have very heavyThe meaning of wanting. At present, a lot of about power transmission line rood Research on fault locating. It mainly contains the transient state based on fault transient travelling waveTraveling wave method and two classes of the fault analytical method based on power frequency amount. Transient state travelling wave method is because wave head is caught difficulty, velocity of wave cannot be determined, filterThe defect such as ripple complexity, equipment investment are large, also fails to be used widely in Practical Project. Fault analytical method is in line faultShi Liyong measuring voltage, current value, obtain the distance of trouble point by analysis and calculation. Tradition distance-finding method is attributed to this type of more,And be widely used in engineering reality. But because of its range measurement principle complexity, the shortcoming such as precision is wayward and denounced by people. WithTime, fault localization also can be divided into single end distance measurement and the large class of both-end distance measuring two by electric parameters used. Single end distance measurement method is only utilizedThe measurement data of transmission line of electricity one end is determined transmission line malfunction position, and range accuracy is subject to the impact of the offside method of operation; TwoEnd telemetry utilizes transmission line of electricity two ends measurement data to determine transmission line malfunction position, can effectively overcome lacking of single end distance measurementFall into, range accuracy is high, does not substantially have the errors of principles.
In many fault localization schemes now, particularly single end distance measurement, ubiquity trouble point from bus end more away from, faultThe feature that range error is larger. For trolley line completely for, to the short distance length at circuit two ends farthest, this just allows mid pointCircuit mid point becomes the restriction bottleneck of fault localization precision completely. So, for realizing precision distance measurement completely, in the urgent need toFind out a kind of ranging scheme that can solve the not enough problem of circuit interlude range accuracy. Analyses for double circuits on same tower because of himselfAdvantage: transmission capacity is large, economize the land resource, line upkeep is simple etc., occupies an important position in high voltage power transmission. WithSingle loop line is compared, and double loop exists again its intrinsic electrical structure feature, as: mutual inductance, cross line fault etc. between line, directly handleThe protection of single loop line will be difficult to meet the protection requirement of double loop for double loop. Present stage double loop main flow protection schemeStill is mostly adopting after single loop line protection is improved.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of list/double back transmission line high accuracy fault localization side completelyMethod, mainly addresses the problem: 1), solve remote, jumbo measuring distance of transmission line fault problem, realize single/bis-The all fronts precision distance measurement of back transmission line; 2), overcome the impact that single loop line and double loop electric characteristic difference are brought range finding,Guarantee no matter algorithm is all can carry out precision ranging to fault in single loop line or double loop; 3), ensure circuit interludeThe precision distance measurement of fault, solves existing many ranging schemes in the problem to circuit interlude fault localization precision deficiency; 4),Preserve the advantage of Two-terminal Fault Location method, overcome the defect of accident analysis telemetry computing complexity. The method possess single/bis-All applicable in loop line; And circuit interlude fault is had advantages of to high range accuracy.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of list/double back transmission line high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to the electric network structure of faulty line, make transmission system equivalent network figure, mark transmission system parameter;
Step 2: the measurement data at transmission line of electricity two ends is carried out to FFT calculating, choose as required power frequency amount and carry out fault surveyDistance;
Step 3: three-phase current, voltage measuring value to transmission line of electricity two ends carry out symmetry transformation;
Step 4: according to relatively range measurement principle of new terminal voltage amplitude, derivation fault localization criterion formula, substitution two ends electric current,Voltage measuring value and transmission line parameter carry out fault localization;
Step 5: in double line down distance measuring process, carry out equivalent transformation according to the equivalent network architectural feature of double loop;
Step 6: to the double loop equivalent network structure after equivalent transformation and single line down distance measuring in like manner, adopt circuit two endsVoltage magnitude comparison fault localization principle is carried out fault localization.
Step 7: fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, as required range finding result is carried out to suitable correction.
Making transmission system equivalent network figure according to the structure of faulty line is negative sequence network isoboles; The transmission system parameter of obtaining isNegative phase-sequence parameter. In power system, the off-center operation that negative phase-sequence amount is accompanied by system produces; Compared with positive-sequence componentBe not subject to the impact of load, in the still existence in service of alternate phase to phase fault, can well reflect defeated compared with zero-sequence componentThe electrical characteristic of electric system in the time of asymmetry fault. So adopt in the present invention negative phase-sequence amount to carry out fault localization, correspondingDraw negative phase-sequence isoboles, mark negative phase-sequence parameter.
The power frequency amount that the present invention chooses after FFT conversion is carried out fault localization, selects that power frequency amount can be by high frequency transient signal and decayAperiodic component falls as interference filtering, and being applied to its range performance in fault localization will be reliable and stable.
The method of obtaining transmission line of electricity two ends systematic parameter is online computing method, that is, and and according to Ohm's law, substitution two bus end electric currents,Voltage measuring value calculates line parameter circuit value online. Make fault localization parameter used more by getting parms in line computationThere is real-time, system actual parameter when the operation of reflection system more accurately, effectively overcoming range finding and calculating and quoteError between parameter and real system operational factor.
To measurement data conversion be a kind of by A, B, the quantitative change of C three-phase separate for just, bear, the symmetry transformation method of zero sequence, gets its negative phase-sequenceComponent is for fault localization. Because negative sequence component is not subject to the impact of load component, and is accompanied by the asymmetric fault of system and producesRaw, be applicable to being very much applied in fault localization.
Based on the fault distance-finding method of circuit both end voltage amplitude comparison principle, write the two ends meter under faulty line equivalent network by rowCalculate voltage magnitude ratio, the trouble point of deriving, apart from the proportion function of the shared circuit overall length of end points length, is surveyed thereby realize faultDistance. Relatively fault distance-finding method is high to the range accuracy of transmission line of electricity interlude for terminal voltage amplitude, particularly to circuit mid pointIt is 0 that fault localization error is close to.
The equivalent network figure of the transmission line of electricity to double loop carries out Δ → Y conversion, and conversion comprises that faulty line participates in conversion and fault wireRoad does not participate in converting two kinds of modes. Can not change on the basis of electrical relation by double loop being carried out to equivalent transformation, becomeChange equivalent network structure, be convenient to the application of distance-finding method of the present invention in double loop.
Double loop equivalent network figure after two kinds of equivalent transformations is positioned to analysis, and faulty line participates in mapping mode and preserves in good conditionCircuit two ends system equivalents; Faulty line does not participate in mapping mode and has ensured that fault branch structure does not change. These are two years oldIt is identical planting the terminal voltage amplitude comparison fault localization criterion formula of deriving under mapping mode, so can in range finding applicationReasonably select as required, and two kinds of conversion can be verified mutually.
When fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, make fault localization deviation: ε=measuring distance-actual range. On transmission line of electricityε is linear distribution, puts in the line null value. Obtain the distribution function of ε with least square fitting method, as required to nearly motherLine end fault localization is revised, and can further improve fault localization precision completely.
A kind of list/double back transmission line of the present invention high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, technique effect is as follows:
1), the inventive method inherited the advantage of Two-terminal Fault Location method effectively, range accuracy is high.
2), range accuracy of the present invention is not subject to the impact of transition resistance.
3), the accident analysis telemetry of relative majority based on power frequency amount, Fault Location Algorithm computing of the present invention is simple.
4), the present invention is high to circuit interlude fault localization precision, the especially basic zero error of alignment fault localization, moreMend the not enough problem of interlude range accuracy that existing fault locating methods faces.
5), applied range of the present invention, except single loop line also being had in double loop to good range finding effect, be equally applicable toDouble loop sequence network structure after conversion.
6), range error curve is along the line along with linear distribution, can further add range finding result according to error curve distribution functionTo revise, especially the range accuracy of nearly bus end fault is improved obviously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is single loop line negative sequence network structure chart in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the negative sequence network structure chart of double loop in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the double loop negative phase-sequence isoboles that in the embodiment of the present invention, fault branch participates in equivalent transformation.
Fig. 4 is the double loop negative phase-sequence isoboles that in the embodiment of the present invention, fault branch does not participate in equivalent transformation.
Fig. 5 is the error curve diagram before revising in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is revised error curve diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention program always schemes.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of list/double back transmission line high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to the electric network structure of faulty line, make transmission system equivalent network figure, mark transmission system parameter;
Step 2: the measurement data at transmission line of electricity two ends is carried out to FFT calculating, choose as required power frequency amount and carry out fault surveyDistance.
Step 3: three-phase current, voltage measuring value to transmission line of electricity two ends carry out symmetry transformation;
Step 4: according to relatively range measurement principle of new terminal voltage amplitude, derivation fault localization criterion formula, substitution two ends electric current,Voltage measuring value and transmission line parameter carry out fault localization;
Step 5: in double line down distance measuring process, carry out equivalent transformation according to the equivalent network architectural feature of double loop.
Step 6: to the double loop equivalent network structure after equivalent transformation, with single loop line in like manner: adopt circuit both end voltage widthValue relatively fault localization principle is carried out fault localization.
Step 7: fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, as required range finding result is carried out to suitable correction.
The power frequency amount of choosing after FFT conversion is carried out fault localization, and wherein, transmission line of electricity two ends measurement data comprises three-phase current, electricityAmplitude and the phase place of pressing, represent by real part and imaginary part form.
The method of obtaining transmission line of electricity two ends systematic parameter is online computing method, that is, and and according to Ohm's law, substitution two bus end electric currents,Voltage measuring value calculates line parameter circuit value online.
To measurement data conversion be a kind of be symmetry transformation method positive and negative, zero sequence by A, B, the quantitative change of C three-phase separate, get its negative phase-sequenceComponent is for fault localization.
Based on the fault distance-finding method of circuit both end voltage amplitude comparison principle, write the two ends meter under faulty line equivalent network by rowCalculate voltage magnitude ratio, the trouble point of deriving is apart from the proportion function of the shared circuit overall length of end points length, thus accomplished eventThe criterion formula of barrier range finding, substitution data can realize fault localization.
The equivalent network figure of the transmission line of electricity to double loop carries out Δ → Y conversion, and conversion comprises that faulty line participates in conversion and fault wireRoad does not participate in converting two kinds of modes. Circuit two ends components of system as directed that faulty line has participated in the intact preservation of conversion; Faulty line is notParticipate in conversion and ensured that fault branch structure does not change, and can need Rational choice according to range finding.
Double loop equivalent network figure after two kinds of equivalent transformations is analyzed, because relatively fault localization of the terminal voltage amplitude of derivingCriterion formula is identical, and two kinds of conversion can be verified mutually.
When fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, make fault localization absolute error be: ε=measuring distance-actual range. Transmission of electricityOn circuit, ε is linear distribution, puts in the line null value. Obtain the distribution function of ε with least square fitting method, as requiredNearly bus end fault localization is revised, be can further improve fault localization precision completely.
Embodiment:
The present invention writes the two ends calculating voltage amplitude ratio under faulty line equivalent network by row, derives trouble point apart from end pointsThe proportion function of the shared circuit overall length of length, thus realize all fronts fault precision ranging. In addition, of the present invention in order to widenRange of application, also carries out equivalent transformation to the equivalent network of double back transmission line, and relatively ranging scheme is same to make terminal voltage amplitudeCan be applied in double back transmission line. Finally range finding result is carried out to error analysis, utilize least square fitting to be found rangeError distribution function, revises range finding result as required, further improves the range accuracy of nearly bus end. Concrete bagDraw together following three parts:
One), the fault localization criterion formula of single loop line is derived:
Fig. 1 is negative phase-sequence network chart when f point breaks down on single feedback electric wire. Z2mWith Z2nBe respectively transmission line of electricity two side-linesSystem impedance. Z2LFor the negative sequence impedance on transmission line of electricity, k is M bus end accounts for total track length percentage to trouble point f distanceRatio, U2m、U2nFor transmission line of electricity two bus end negative sequence voltage values, U2fFor the negative sequence voltage at f place, trouble point, I2m、I2nPointBe not two bus end detected current values.
1. row are write both end voltage equation:
2. row are write both end voltage comparison equation:
3. utilize two ends measured value to calculate end system impedance. Obtain according to Ohm's law:
4. the criterion of finding range formula. At the end system impedance substitution voltage comparison equation of line computation, arrange:
Two), the equivalent transformation of double loop electric network structure.
In Fig. 2 double loop negative sequence network figure, be not difficult to find out, (I returns circuit pack when fault between double loop two busesShown in road) can be considered as the connection of Δ type, M, N, F are three angles of Δ type. According to conversion of circuits principle, can be byIt is that Y type connects that Δ type shown in I connects equivalent transformation, and the connection figure after conversion as shown in Figure 3; Non-fault wire is with two ends systemSystem also can form a Δ type and connect (being shown in II loop), and M, N, G are three angles of Δ type, in like manner, also canIt is that Y type connects that Δ type shown in the II of loop is connected to equivalent transformation, and the negative phase-sequence isoboles after conversion as shown in Figure 4.
1. fault branch participates in conversion. Line parameter circuit value after conversion:
2. fault branch does not participate in conversion. Y type after circuit conversion connects parameter:
Three), the range finding of the double loop after equivalent transformation criterion formula is derived:
1., fault branch participates in the range finding of conversion:
Structure chart after equivalent transformation is identical with the negative sequence network structure chart of single loop line as can be seen from Figure 3. Analyze Z2mYWith Z2nYProportionate relationship time find, before and after conversion, trouble point is to the distance relation constant rate of two ends bus,So just, have: , Note: the I in formula2m、I2nBe respectively the electric current that flows through two ends system impedance. If I2mI、I2mIIIt is the measurement electric current of two loop line M ends; I2nI、I2nIIForThe measurement electric current of two loop line N ends. Bus is considered as to node, and the electric current that flows into bus equals to flow out the electric current of bus. Exist:I2n+I2nI+I2nII＝0；I2m+I2mI+I2mII＝0。
2., fault branch does not participate in the range finding of conversion:
With single line down distance measuring in like manner, according to Fig. 4, row are write two ends negative sequence voltage amplitude and are compared U2m/U2n, eliminate trouble point electricityPress U2f, arrangement can obtain:Substitution is in the two ends of line computation system impedance. FinallyArrangement can obtain:
Relatively find no matter whether fault branch participates in equivalent transformation, two kinds of final range finding criterion formulas are identical. DifferenceBe: circuit two ends components of system as directed that the first has converted intact preservation, the second conversion has but ensured fault branch structure notChange.
Implementation step:
It is negative sequence network isoboles that step 1. is made transmission system equivalent network figure according to the structure of faulty line, as Fig. 1, and 2Shown in; Mark transmission system negative phase-sequence parameter. Wherein, two ends systematic parameter calculates online according to Ohm's law When double loop two ends systematic parameter is calculated, utilize the electric current that closes of two loop lines. Be Im+IIm+IIIm＝0；In+IIn+IIIn=0. Wherein IIm、IIImBe respectively one, two go-and-return measurement electric currents of M end., ImFor flowing through the electricity of M end systemStream. N holds in like manner.
Step 2. reads electric current, voltage measuring value value, the wherein U of circuit two ends bus in real timem、ImRepresent the measurement of M endCurrent/voltage value, Un, In represent measurement electric current, the magnitude of voltage on N end bus. Other node definition modes roughly the same;
Step 3. is converted to measurement result digital quantity and carries out FFT calculating, chooses its power frequency component, obtain three-phase current,The amplitude of voltage and phase place. Represent its measured value by real part and imaginary part herein, as: Im＝α+βj。
Step 4. is carried out symmetry transformation to A, B, C three-phase current, voltage measuring value, obtains positive and negative, 03 kinds of orders and dividesAmount, negative-sequence current, the component of voltage got wherein carry out fault localization. Taking three-phase voltage as example, symmetry transformation formula isWherein U1、U2、U0Be respectively positive and negative, residual voltage;Electric current is sameReason.
Step 5. is by the current-voltage measurement value substitution fault localization criterion formula at line parameter circuit value and two endsCarry out fault localization and calculate k, wherein k is that trouble point is apart from the shared circuit overall length of end points lengthRatio. Pass through X1=k × L obtains Location. Wherein L is total track length, X1For first apart from M end of trouble pointMeasuring and calculating distance.
When step 6. is found range to double loop, the electric current at substitution line parameter circuit value and two ends, the fault localization of voltage measuring valueCriterion formula isRemaining step and single loop line range finding step are similar.
Step 7. is revised first range finding result, makes fault localization absolute error be: ε=measuring distance-actual range.△ x is the distribution function obtaining with least square fitting method, gained while debugging at this Fault Location Algorithm initial stage of coming into operation. RootAccording to needs, nearly bus end fault localization is revised, further improved fault localization precision completely. Choose one group of typical case hereinRange error correction example describe, revise before and after error curve as Fig. 5, shown in Fig. 6. Fault before correction is surveyedWell represented the distribution trend along the line of range error apart from error curve Fig. 5, wherein, the range error of point failure in circuitMinimum (being almost equal to zero), the error the highest (up to 4.7km) at circuit two ends. Can from revised range error curve map 6Finding out and revise improving fault localization precision successful, is to put in the line or all there is very high range finding at circuit two endsPrecision, wherein the highest range error of all fronts is no more than 0.4km, can realize precision distance measurement completely.
Claims (9)
1. list/double back transmission line is a high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to the electric network structure of faulty line, make transmission system equivalent network figure, mark transmission system parameter;
Step 2: the measurement data at transmission line of electricity two ends is carried out to FFT calculating, choose as required power frequency amount and carry out fault surveyDistance;
Step 3: three-phase current, voltage measuring value to transmission line of electricity two ends carry out symmetry transformation;
Step 4: according to relatively range measurement principle of new terminal voltage amplitude, derivation fault localization criterion formula, substitution two ends electric current,Voltage measuring value and transmission line parameter carry out fault localization;
Step 5: in double line down distance measuring process, carry out equivalent transformation according to the equivalent network architectural feature of double loop.
Step 6: to the double loop equivalent network structure after equivalent transformation, adopt relatively fault localization of circuit both end voltage amplitudePrinciple is carried out fault localization;
Step 7: fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, as required range finding result is carried out to suitable correction.
2. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:Making transmission system equivalent network figure according to the structure of faulty line is negative sequence network isoboles; The transmission system parameter of obtaining isNegative phase-sequence parameter.
3. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:The power frequency amount of choosing after FFT conversion carries out fault localization, and wherein, circuit two ends measurement data comprises three-phase current, voltageAmplitude and phase place, or the real part of measured value and imaginary part.
4. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:The method of obtaining transmission line of electricity two ends systematic parameter is online computing method.
5. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:To measurement data conversion be a kind of by A, B, the quantitative change of C three-phase separate for just, bear, the symmetry transformation method of zero sequence, gets its negative phase-sequenceComponent is for fault localization.
6. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:Fault localization criterion formula of the present invention is based on circuit both end voltage amplitude comparison principle, writes faulty line equivalent network by rowUnder two ends calculating voltage amplitude ratio, the trouble point of deriving is apart from the proportion function of the shared circuit overall length of end points length.
7. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:The equivalent network figure of the transmission line of electricity to double loop carries out Δ → Y conversion, and conversion comprises that faulty line participates in conversion and fault wireRoad does not participate in converting two kinds of modes, circuit two ends components of system as directed that faulty line has participated in the intact preservation of conversion; Faulty line is notParticipate in conversion and ensured that fault branch structure does not change.
8. a kind of list/double back transmission line according to claim 1 high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, is characterized in that:Double loop equivalent network figure after two kinds of equivalent transformations is analyzed, and the terminal voltage amplitude of deriving is fault localization criterion relativelyFormula is identical, so just can need to choose at random equivalent transformation mode according to range finding, and two kinds of equivalent transformation modes also canWith mutual comparatively validate.
9. one according to claim 1 can be applied list/double back transmission line high accuracy fault distance-finding method completely, its featureBe: when fault localization result is carried out to error analysis, make fault localization absolute error be: ε=measuring distance-actual range,On transmission line of electricity, ε is linear distribution, puts in the line null value, obtains the distribution function of ε with least square fitting method, according toNeed to revise nearly bus end fault localization.
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