CN105646186B - 以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体及制备方法 - Google Patents

以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105646186B
CN105646186B CN201610084767.6A CN201610084767A CN105646186B CN 105646186 B CN105646186 B CN 105646186B CN 201610084767 A CN201610084767 A CN 201610084767A CN 105646186 B CN105646186 B CN 105646186B
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陈铭
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Abstract

一种以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体及制备方法。所述离子液体由亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根阴离子和季铵阳离子构成。所述制备方法为:将亚甲基富勒烯羧酸与季铵碱在惰性气体保护下混合进行中和反应,所得产物做干燥去水处理后即制得本发明所述的亚甲基富勒烯羧酸类离子液体。本发明的亚甲基富勒烯羧酸类离子液体不仅具有一般室温离子液体的特性,也具备水溶性富勒烯和季铵类化合物的特性,且制备过程高效快捷,简单清洁,产品纯度高,在生物医药和日化领域都具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体及制备方法
所属技术领域:
本发明涉及新型化学材料及制备技术领域,具体地说,涉及以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸为阴离子的离子液体及其制备方法。
背景技术:
富勒烯是一种由碳元素所组成的中空分子,一般为球形(也称为足球烯),也有柱形或管形,目前在材料学,电子学和纳米技术方面应用广泛。其中最常见,最容易制备和最廉价的是富勒烯为球形的C60分子。至今为止的大量研究表明,C60等富勒烯对人体是安全的[1][2][3][4]。近年来,富勒烯被作为药物载体运用于医药领域[5][6],也有对其衍生物的抗艾滋[7]和神经保护作用[8]的报道。同时,得益于富勒烯对自由基的亲和能力,富勒烯也被用于化妆品的功能成分[9]。但C60等球形富勒烯并没有极性,不能溶于水和乙醇等常见溶剂,只能溶于甲苯,氯苯等有毒化学溶剂,严重限制了富勒烯的实际运用。
目前,增进富勒烯在水中溶解度的办法有:1.加入助溶剂[10],亲水添加剂[11][12]或脂质体[13]的物理方法;2.在富勒烯表面引入羟基[14]或羧基[15][16]等基团形成富勒烯亲水衍生物的化学方法。其中物理方法中,富勒烯与其他分子之间无化学键连接,本质依然是悬浊液,容易受外在环境变化,导致沉淀或絮凝。而化学方法中,引入的羟基后形成的富勒醇的去自由基效果有所降低;引入羧基所得的富勒烯衍生物为有机酸固体,在水中的溶解度依然不高。
室温离子液体,通常简称为离子液体,是一类由阴阳离子构成的盐类物质,室温下能保持稳定液态存在,无毒无臭,不易燃不挥发,在极性、非极性试剂都有较好的溶解度,是著名的绿色化学试剂。特别地,依据不同阳离子和阴离子的设计组合,离子液体可以显现出迥异的特殊物理化学性质,从而被应用于不同领域。现有市场上的大多数离子液体的生物相容性较差。阳离子为胆碱或胆碱衍生物的季铵盐类离子液体(胆碱类离子液体)是目前公知的少数生物相容性较好的离子液体,其中的胆碱为B族维生素的一种,其衍生物离子也广泛存在于人体或食物中,具有高度的生物相容性,在替代传统有毒难降解离子液体方面具有潜力,被用作良好的表面活性剂和杀菌试剂[17]。然而,目前常见的胆碱类离子液体的阴离子通常为无机酸根等,熔点较高,大多数很难在室温下保持液态,从而制约了胆碱类离子液体在日化和医药领域的应用。因此,对阴离子的选用一直是低毒高效的新型离子液体开发的研究方向。富勒烯羧酸根为具有电负性较小的大型基团,能有效降低离子化合物的晶格能,有利于胆碱离子液体的形成,对新型胆碱类离子液体的研发与应用有很大帮助。
[1]Lalwani,G.,et al.Nano Life 2013,03(03),1342003.
[2]Baati,T.,et al.Biomaterials 2012,33(19),4936-4946.
[3]Gharbi,N.,et al.Nano Lett.2005,5(12),2578-2585.
[4]Moussa,F.,et al.Fuller.Sci.Technol.1996,4(1),21-29.
[5]Labille,J.,et al.Springer Netherlands:Dordrecht,2012;pp 898-911.
[6]Montellano,A.,et al.Nanoscale 2011,3(10),4035.
[7]Bakry,R.,et al.lnternational Journal of Nanomedicine.2007,pp 639-649.
[8]Yamada,T.,et al.J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.2008,8(8),3973-3980.
[9]Lens,M.Recent Pat.Biotechnol.2011,5(2),67-73.
[10]Scrivens,W.A.,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1994,116,4517-4518.
[11]Ito,S.,et al.,JP 2005047858 A.
[12]Agnes B.-B.,et al.J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.2001,191-196.
[13]Williams R.M.,et al.Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas.1996,115,72-76.
[14]Djordjevic,A.,et al.J.Nanomater.2015,2015,1-15.
[15]Tokuyama,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1993,115,7918-7919.
[16]Kuang,C-X,et al.CN 101475520 B.
[17]Weaver,K.D.,et al.Green Chem.2010,12(3),507.
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提出一类新型的以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体,并提供这种离子液体的制备方法。这类新型的以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体由生物相容性佳的阴阳离子构成,在室温下保持稳定液态,可以与溶于大多数常用溶剂,极大拓展了富勒烯类衍生物在医药和化学领域的应用空间。
本发明提出的以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体,由亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根阴离子和季铵阳离子构成,具体为(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸胆碱盐或(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸胆碱衍生物盐,其具有如下结构:
R1、R2、R3、R4为相同或不同不带取代基的烃基、芳基,或者相同或不同带有取代基的烃基、芳基,其中取代基可以是但不限定于羟基、醛基、卤基、胺基、酰基、酯基、苄基,以及相应基团的衍生物。
作为本发明的一方面,本发明提出的以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体的制备方法,其中亚甲基富勒烯羧酸和季铵碱以1∶1的摩尔比混合,在氮气或惰性气体保护和室温下,进行一步中和反应,得到所述环丙烷富勒烯羧酸类离子液体。无第三方反应物、添加剂或溶剂参与反应。
本实发明所采用的技术方案是:反应采用无溶剂“一锅煮”方法,将亚甲基富勒烯羧酸与季铵碱以1∶1摩尔比混合,以干燥的氩气保护,并在室温下磁性搅拌5-10分钟,至无富勒烯羧酸粉末残留,显示反应中和完全,然后真空干燥,得到纯度能够满足一般应用要求的目标离子液体。其反应方程式如下:
X1选自氢原子、乙酰基、丁酰基、苯甲酰基、磷酰基、磷脂酰基中的一种;X2选自氢原子、氯甲基中的一种。
本发明提供的以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的离子液体及其制备方法,和现有技术相比,具有如下创新与优势:
1.本发明提供一种新型的水溶性富勒烯衍生物;
2.本发明提供一种新型的季铵盐类离子液体;
3.本发明提供的离子液体合成方法机理简单,步骤少,无副反应,反应速率和产率高;
4.本发明提供的离子液体制备工艺操作简便安全,设备要求低,无需溶剂,反应条件温和,所得目标离子液体纯度高。
具体实施方式:
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所使用的实验材料、试剂等均可通过商业途径或已知实验方法获得。
实施例1
实验装置主要是三口圆底烧瓶,磁力搅拌器,真空干燥装置。精确称量7.8mg(0.01mmol)的(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸粉末与氢氧化胆碱液体1.2mg(0.01mmol),在室温条件和干燥氩气的保护下混合并搅拌10分钟,停止反应,检测反应体系中是否有固体粉末残留,若有残留,将粗产品用石英纤维滤纸过滤除去残余粉末,然后移至低温真空干燥24小时去除水分,室温下得到深黄色液体,收率96.4%。在所得产物以卡尔费休水分测试仪检测,水分低于0.05‰。所得产物可以任意比例溶于水、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和乙酸,可以体积比1∶5溶于甲醇、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿、二甲基甲酰胺和乙腈,微溶于苯和正己烷,不溶于乙醚。反应方程式为:
所得产品为(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸胆碱盐。
ESI质谱的m/z=777.14,与亚甲基富勒烯羧酸阴离子(M-)匹配;ESI质谱的m/z=104.13,与胆碱阳离子(M+)匹配。
实施例2
实验装置主要是三口圆底烧瓶,磁力搅拌器,真空干燥装置。精确称量7.8mg(0.01mmol)的(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸粉末与氢氧化乙酰胆碱液体1.6mg(0.01mmol),在室温条件和干燥氩气的保护下混合并搅拌10分钟,停止反应,检测反应体系中是否有固体粉末残留,若有残留,将粗产品用石英纤维滤纸过滤除去残余粉末,然后移至低温真空干燥24小时去除水分,室温下得到浅黄色液体,收率95.8%。所得产物以卡尔费休水分测试仪检测,水分低于0.05‰。所得产物可以任意比例溶于水、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和乙酸,可以体积比1∶5溶于甲醇、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿、二甲基甲酰胺和乙腈,微溶于苯和正己烷,不溶于乙醚。反应方程式为:
所得产品为(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸乙酰胆碱盐。
ESI质谱的m/z=777.14,与亚甲基富勒烯羧酸阴离子(M-)匹配;ESI质谱的m/z=146.15,与乙酰胆碱阳离子(M+)匹配。
实施例3
实验装置主要是三口圆底烧瓶,磁力搅拌器,真空干燥装置。精确称量7.8mg(0.01mmol)的(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸粉末与氢氧化苯甲酰胆碱2.2mg(0.01mmol),在室温条件和干燥氩气的保护下混合并搅拌10分钟,停止反应,检测反应体系中是否有固体粉末残留,若有残留,将粗产品用石英纤维滤纸过滤除去残余粉末,然后移至低温真空干燥24小时去除水分,室温下得到浅黄色液体,收率95.4%。所得产物以卡尔费休水分测试仪检测,水分低于0.05‰。所得产物可以任意比例溶于水、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和乙酸,可以体积比1∶5溶于甲醇、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿、二甲基甲酰胺和乙腈,微溶于苯和正己烷,不溶于乙醚。反应方程式为:
所得产品为(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸苯甲酰胆碱盐。
ESI质谱的m/z=777.14,与亚甲基富勒烯羧酸阴离子(M-)匹配;ESI质谱的m/z=208.14,与苯甲酰胆碱阳离子(M+)匹配。
实施例4
实验装置主要是三口圆底烧瓶,磁力搅拌器,真空干燥装置。精确称量7.8mg(0.01mmol)的(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸粉末与氢氧化氯化甲基胆碱1.7mg(0.01mmol),在室温条件和干燥氩气的保护下混合并搅拌10分钟,停止反应,检测反应体系中是否有固体粉末残留,若有残留,将粗产品用石英纤维滤纸过滤除去残余粉末,然后低温真空干燥24小时去除水分,室温下得到透明粘稠液体,收率94.0%。所得产物以卡尔费休水分测试仪检测,水分低于0.05‰。所得产物可以任意比例溶于水、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和乙酸,可以体积比1∶5溶于甲醇、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿、二甲基甲酰胺和乙腈,微溶于苯和正己烷,不溶于乙醚。反应方程式为:
所得产品为(1,2-亚甲基富勒烯C60)-61羧酸氯化甲基胆碱盐。
ESI质谱的m/z=777.14,与亚甲基富勒烯羧酸阴离子(M-)匹配;ESI质谱的m/z=152.07,与氯化甲基胆碱阳离子(M+)匹配。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均包括在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.以亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根为阴离子的室温离子液体,其特征是:所述室温离子液体的阳离子部分为指定结构的季铵阳离子,所述指定结构的季铵阳离子的结构式为 中的任意一种;所述室温离子液体的阴离子部分为亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根阴离子,所述亚甲基富勒烯羧酸根阴离子结构式如下:
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