CN105633988B - A kind of energy-storage system participates in the method and device of FREQUENCY CONTROL of power network - Google Patents
A kind of energy-storage system participates in the method and device of FREQUENCY CONTROL of power network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the method and device that a kind of energy-storage system participates in FREQUENCY CONTROL of power network, including：Monitor the state-of-charge of mains frequency and energy-storage system, if mains frequency deviation not less than maximum frequency deviation, the state-of-charge of circularly monitoring mains frequency and energy-storage system；If mains frequency deviation exceedes maximum frequency deviation, according to the bias direction of mains frequency deviation and the state-of-charge of energy-storage system, determine that energy-storage system participates in FREQUENCY CONTROL of power network：If meeting primary frequency modulation entry condition, start virtual inertia response and once variable droop control；Virtual inertia is responded and once variable droop control power adjustment adds and obtained total real power control to instruct, is assigned to energy-storage system so as to realize a FREQUENCY CONTROL.The inventive method is by using the capability of fast response of energy-storage system, frequency amplitude of variation and stabilized speed when can significantly improve mains frequency disturbance, improves the ability of power network resistance load disturbance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid frequency control, in particular to a method and a device for an energy storage system to participate in primary frequency control of a power grid.
Background
With the increase of power demand, the load peak-valley difference of a power grid becomes larger continuously, higher requirements are put forward on the frequency modulation of a power system, and more adjustment power supplies with quick response are needed. The frequency control in the conventional frequency modulation technology maintains the balance between the generated power and the load demand by rapidly increasing and decreasing the output power. The generator has the characteristics of slow response, low climbing speed and the like, which easily result in that: 1) Due to slow hill climbing, the scheduling target cannot be realized quickly, so that rescheduling is realized quickly, and therefore all regional control error correction cannot be provided; 2) Generators sometimes increase zone control errors because the hill climb is slow and cannot change direction quickly, sometimes even providing reverse regulation.
The energy storage system has quick power response capability and can realize positive and negative bidirectional regulation of power. When the energy storage system participates in the frequency control of the power grid, the frequency modulation characteristic of the power system can be improved through reasonable control of the energy storage system, and the power grid frequency control system has better economical efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for an energy storage system to participate in primary frequency control of a power grid, which can obviously improve the frequency change amplitude and the stable speed of the power grid during frequency disturbance by utilizing the quick response capability of the energy storage system and improve the load disturbance resistance capability of the power grid. The method comprises the following steps:
monitoring the frequency of a power grid and the charge state of an energy storage system in real time, and if the frequency deviation of the power grid does not exceed the maximum frequency deviation, circularly monitoring the frequency of the power grid and the charge state of the energy storage system; if the frequency deviation of the power grid exceeds the maximum frequency deviation, determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the frequency deviation of the power grid and the charge state of the energy storage system:
if the primary frequency modulation starting condition is met, starting virtual inertia response and primary variable droop control, and determining a virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; adjusting the active power output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction;
and the grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference value between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system.
In one embodiment, the determining that the energy storage system participates in the primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the state of charge of the energy storage system includes:
in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t >50+Δf max And SOC BESS,t <SOC max Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
or in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t <50-Δf max And SOC BESS,t >SOC min Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
wherein f is t Is the grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; SOC (system on chip) BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC (system on chip) max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency modulation start condition comprises a virtual inertia response start condition and a primary variable droop control start condition;
the virtual inertia response starting conditions are as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when f t -50|>Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein f is t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertial response ending condition is as follows:
when the power grid frequency reaches a peak value and the preset time is delayed, the virtual inertia response is finished;
the conditions for finishing the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when t is>T delay2 When the variable droop control is finished, the variable droop control is finished for one time;
wherein, T delay2 A preset second delay time.
In one embodiment, the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system is determined as follows:
wherein, Δ P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual coefficient of inertia, K Inert <0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the time t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone of the power grid is obtained.
In one embodiment, the primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, R, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t Droop,t Is the sag factor at time t, f t Is the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max Min is the minimum value operation, max is the maximum value operation, P BESSN The rated power of the energy storage system;
r is determined according to the following formula Droop,t ：
Wherein R is max At the maximum sag factor, R min To minimize the sag factor, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC (system on chip) min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the total active control command is determined according to the following formula:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid, and the device can obviously improve the frequency change amplitude and the stable speed when the frequency of the power grid is disturbed and improve the load disturbance resistance of the power grid by utilizing the quick response capability of the energy storage system. The device includes:
the monitoring module is used for monitoring the power grid frequency and the state of charge of the energy storage system in real time, and if the power grid frequency deviation does not exceed the maximum frequency deviation, the power grid frequency and the state of charge of the energy storage system are monitored in a circulating mode;
the primary frequency control module is used for determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the charge state value of the energy storage system if the power grid frequency deviation exceeds the maximum frequency deviation:
if the primary frequency modulation starting condition is met, starting virtual inertia response and primary variable droop control, and determining a virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; adjusting the active output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction;
and the grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference value between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the charge state of the energy storage system in the following mode:
in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t >50+Δf max And SOC BESS,t <SOC max Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
or in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t <50-Δf max And SOC BESS,t >SOC min Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
wherein, f t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency modulation start condition comprises a virtual inertia response start condition and a primary variable droop control start condition;
the virtual inertia response starting condition is as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the time t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when f t -50|>Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein f is t Is the grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency control module is further configured to:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertial response ending condition is as follows:
when the power grid frequency reaches a peak value and the preset time is delayed, the virtual inertia response is finished;
the conditions for finishing the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when t is>T delay2 When the variable droop control is finished, the variable droop control is finished for one time;
wherein, T delay2 Is a preset second delay time.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system is determined as follows:
wherein, Δ P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual coefficient of inertia, K Inert <0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the time t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone of the power grid is obtained.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
determining a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, R, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t Droop,t Is the droop coefficient at time t, f t Is the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max For maximum frequency deviation, min is a small value operation, max is a large value operation, P BESSN The rated power of the energy storage system;
r is determined according to the following formula Droop,t ：
Wherein R is max At the maximum sag factor, R min To minimize the sag factor, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
the total active control command is determined as follows:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of a power grid, virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system are determined; wherein the virtual inertia responds to the main response frequency change rate, and the primary variable droop controls the main response frequency deviation; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; and finally, adjusting the active output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction so as to control the primary frequency of the power grid, so that the frequency variation amplitude and the stable speed of the power grid during frequency disturbance can be obviously improved by utilizing the quick response capability of the energy storage system, and the capacity of the power grid for resisting load disturbance is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a primary frequency of an energy storage system participating in a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating virtual inertial response control of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dynamic primary droop curve based on SOC values according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a control block diagram of a primary variable droop control of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an electrical power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of frequency responses for different FM controllers according to embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a comparison of energy storage active power outputs of different frequency modulation controllers according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for controlling the primary frequency of an energy storage system participating in a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a primary frequency of an energy storage system participating in a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following detailed steps:
step 1: the energy storage system monitors the frequency of the power grid and the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage system in real time, when the frequency deviation of the power grid exceeds the maximum frequency deviation allowed by the power grid, the next step of judgment is carried out, and otherwise, the frequency of the power grid and the SOC of the energy storage system are monitored in a circulating mode.
The grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference value between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system. The nominal frequency of the power system is 50Hz or 60Hz, 50Hz is adopted in mainland china (including harbor and australia) and european regions, 60Hz is adopted in north america and taiwan regions, and 50Hz and 60Hz are adopted in japan. The grid frequency deviation is then the absolute value of the difference between the grid frequency and 50Hz, i.e. | f t -50|>Δf max ，f t For the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max For maximum frequency deviation, it may be set empirically or by related criteria, such as 0.05Hz.
And 2, step: when the frequency deviation of the power grid exceeds delta f max In time, whether the grid frequency deviation participates in frequency regulation needs to be judged according to the deviation direction of the grid frequency deviation and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system.
1) When f is t >50+Δf max When the system is in use, the energy storage system is required to absorb power, and if the SOC is in use BESS,t <SOC max If the condition that the energy storage system has the power absorption continuation condition is described, the next frequency control is carried out, otherwise, the energy storage system does not participate in the frequency control.
2) When f is t <50-Δf max In time, the energy storage system is required to send out power, and if the SOC is at the time BESS,t >SOC min If the condition that the energy storage system has the power continuously sending condition is described, the next frequency control is carried out, otherwise, the energy storage system does not participate in the frequency control.
Therein, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the allowed state of charge of the energy storage system is usually limited to a value less than 1 to avoid the overcharge of the energy storage; SOC min The minimum allowable state of charge of the energy storage system is usually limited to a value greater than 0 to avoid over-discharge of the stored energy.
And 3, step 3: when the condition of starting primary frequency modulation is met, the energy storage system starts primary frequency response: and the virtual inertia response and the primary droop control are used for simultaneously determining the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system. Wherein the virtual inertia responds to the main frequency change rate and the primary droop control responds to the frequency deviation.
The primary frequency modulation starting condition comprises a virtual inertia response starting condition and a primary variable droop control starting condition;
the virtual inertia response starting conditions are as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when | f t -50|>Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein, f t Is the grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
In specific implementation, the method further comprises:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertia response ending condition is as follows:
when the power grid frequency reaches a peak value and the preset time is delayed, the virtual inertia response is finished;
the conditions for finishing the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when t is>T delay2 When the variable droop control is finished, the variable droop control is finished for one time;
wherein, T delay2 A preset second delay time.
The virtual inertial response and primary droop control are described in detail below.
(1) Virtual inertial response
The virtual inertia response of the energy storage system is that when the power system has severe frequency fluctuation, the process of inertial kinetic energy release or absorption of the traditional generator is approximately simulated according to the frequency change rate, so that the frequency change rate of the initial fault stage (within 5s-10 s) of the system is reduced, the amplitude of the frequency fluctuation is reduced, the damping of the system is increased, and the small signal stability of the system is enhanced. The calculation formula of the virtual inertia response is as follows:
in the above formula,. DELTA.P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual coefficient of inertia, K Inert <0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim And the virtual inertia response is started when the frequency change rate is greater than the dead zone range.
Fig. 2 shows a basic control block diagram of a virtual inertia response of an energy storage system, wherein a low-pass filter is used to suppress high-frequency noise occurring in a system frequency measurement, and a dead band controller can limit the condition for starting the inertia response according to a frequency change rate (dP/dt) so as to avoid frequent start-stop of the inertia response. The magnitude and the change rate of the inertia power output need to be set according to the physical characteristics of the battery, so that the current is prevented from being excessively fast and overshooting in the charging and discharging processes of the battery.
The virtual inertia controller of the energy storage system can ensure that the energy storage system continuously and rapidly injects active power into the system in the frequency transient state adjustment process. When the frequency reaches the peak value (the frequency reaches the maximum value when rising, and the frequency reaches the minimum value when falling), and after 0.1s of delay, the virtual inertial response is stopped, and the power grid recovers the frequency through the self inertial response and the primary droop frequency modulation of other generator sets.
(2) One-time variable droop control
When the frequency passes T delay1 The frequency deviation of the power grid is still larger than the maximum frequency deviation delta f allowed by the power grid of the energy storage system max And once energy storage droop control starting. T is delay1 The time can be set according to actual requirements, and is 0.1s in the invention.
The energy storage primary droop control is to adjust the active power output of the energy storage system according to the frequency deviation and the droop characteristic by utilizing the primary frequency modulation reserve margin of the energy storage system, so that the frequency of the power system is stabilized within an allowable deviation range (plus or minus 0.2 Hz), and the method belongs to the frequency differential regulation. The differential speed formula of the traditional generator is as follows:
the invention introduces the concept of variable droop control on the basis of the traditional droop control, namely according to the state of energy storage SOCThe method for dynamically adjusting the droop coefficient comprises the following specific steps: determining the maximum value of the SOC of the energy storage system and the corresponding maximum droop coefficient R under the minimum value according to the frequency modulation requirement of the system max And a minimum sag factor R min Then, referring to fig. 3, the droop coefficient R at time t is calculated from the actually measured SOC value by the linear interpolation method according to the following formula Droopt ：
In the above formula, R Droop,t Is the droop coefficient at time t, R max At the maximum sag factor, R min To a minimum sag factor, SOC BESS,t For storing the state of charge, SOC, at time t max For maximum allowable state of charge, SOC, of stored energy min The minimum value of the charge state allowed by the stored energy.
Thus, a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system can be obtained, and the formula is as follows:
in the above formula,. DELTA.P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, P, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t BESSN For rated power Δ f of the energy storage system max And in the case of one droop control dead zone or maximum frequency deviation, min is a small value operation, min (a, b) returns the smaller value of a and b, max is a large value operation, and max (a, b) returns the smaller value of a and b.
Fig. 4 shows a control block diagram of the primary droop characteristics of the energy storage system, where a high pass filter is used to remove the effect of permanent low frequency disturbances on the control system.
In order to avoid that the energy storage system is always in a primary frequency adjustment state, when the primary frequency adjustment response reaches T delay2 Thereafter, the primary variable droop control of the energy storage system is ended.
And 4, step 4: the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value are added to obtain a total active control instruction, the active output of the energy storage system is adjusted according to the total active control instruction, and primary frequency control is achieved after the total active control instruction is issued to the energy storage system.
The total active control command is determined as follows:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
Examples are:
a small-sized power transmission network is built through Matlab/Simulink, as shown in FIG. 5, the voltage level is 220kV, the rated frequency is 50Hz, the whole system comprises two 150MVA thermal power unit models (thermal power 1) and 200MVA thermal power unit models (thermal power 2) (with a complete speed regulation and excitation control system), an energy storage system electromagnetic transient model with the rated capacity of 20MWh (the charging and discharging rated power is 20MW, the rated voltage is 380V), and a 322MW constant power load model (load 1).
In order to simulate an under-frequency fault (less than 50 Hz) in a steady state condition of a power system, a constant power load 2 of 24MW is suddenly added in 15s, the active power of the system is in transient imbalance, the frequency of a power grid is instantaneously dropped, if an energy storage system does not participate in any system frequency modulation, the active power is increased only through speed regulators of other two synchronous generator sets (thermal power 1 and thermal power 2), the frequency drop rate is too high due to too low electromechanical transient response speed (second level), particularly, the frequency value (49.41 Hz) at the lowest point is smaller than the system frequency safety value 49.5Hz, low-frequency load shedding protection immediately acts, part of load is cut off, and certain economic loss is caused to users and the power grid. If the energy storage system reasonably and quickly adjusts the active output of the energy storage system according to the change of the system frequency through virtual inertia response and primary droop control, the dynamic frequency characteristic of the system can be obviously improved.
By adopting the virtual inertia response, the energy storage system can simulate the inertia response of the traditional generator, certain inertia energy is output according to the frequency change rate of the system, and the inertia energy is quickly injected into a power grid through an inverter, which is equivalent to equivalently enhancing the damping inertia of the system, the frequency change rate can be reduced, the lowest point-out frequency can be regulated to a certain degree, but the steady-state frequency deviation cannot be reduced.
Compared with virtual inertia control, the primary variable droop control adjusts the output of the energy storage power according to the frequency difference, so that the frequency change rate cannot be reduced, but the frequency at the lowest point of the transient state can be obviously improved, and the frequency difference of the system in a steady state is reduced.
Table 1 shows a comparison of energy storage frequency modulation performance of different primary frequency modulation strategies, and fig. 6 shows a comparison of frequency response of different frequency modulation controllers; fig. 7 is a comparison graph of energy storage active power output under different frequency modulation controllers. As can be seen from table 1, fig. 6, and fig. 7, the integrated frequency modulation control (virtual inertia + primary droop) has the advantages of the virtual inertia control and the variable droop control, and the frequency modulation effect is optimal. The system frequency change rate can be slowed down, the size of the lowest point of the frequency is increased, the steady-state frequency deviation is reduced, the recovery process of the system frequency is improved, meanwhile, the SOC can be kept at a higher level of 41.6% after the primary frequency modulation is finished, and sufficient electric quantity is guaranteed to participate in the secondary frequency modulation of the system.
TABLE 1
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a device for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid, which is described in the following embodiment. Because the principle of solving the problem of the device for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid is similar to the method for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid, the implementation of the device for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid can refer to the implementation of the method for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a structure of an apparatus for participating in grid primary frequency control by an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, including:
the monitoring module 801 is used for monitoring the power grid frequency and the state of charge of the energy storage system in real time, and if the power grid frequency deviation does not exceed the maximum frequency deviation, the power grid frequency and the state of charge of the energy storage system are monitored in a circulating mode;
the primary frequency control module 802 is configured to, if the power grid frequency deviation exceeds the maximum frequency deviation, determine, according to a deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and a state of charge value of the energy storage system, that the energy storage system participates in the primary frequency control of the power grid:
if the primary frequency modulation starting condition is met, starting virtual inertia response and primary variable droop control, and determining a virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; adjusting the active output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction;
and the grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference value between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system.
This structure will be explained below.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency control module 802 is specifically configured to:
determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the charge state of the energy storage system in the following mode:
in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t >50+Δf max And SOC is BESS,t <SOC max When the power grid primary frequency control is carried out, the energy storage system is determined to participate in the power grid primary frequency control;
or in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t <50-Δf max And SOC is BESS,t >SOC min When the power grid primary frequency control is carried out, the energy storage system is determined to participate in the power grid primary frequency control;
wherein, f t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency modulation starting condition comprises a virtual inertia response starting condition and a primary variable droop control starting condition;
the virtual inertia response starting condition is as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when f t -50|>Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein, f t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency control module 802 is further configured to:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertial response ending condition is as follows:
when the grid frequency reaches the peak value and is delayed for a preset time,the virtual inertial response ends, at which time Δ P Inert,t ＝0；
The conditions for finishing the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when t is>T delay2 Then, the one-time variable droop control is finished, at this time, the delta P Droop,t ＝0；
Wherein, T delay2 Is a preset second delay time.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency control module 802 is specifically configured to:
the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system is determined as follows:
wherein, Δ P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual coefficient of inertia, K Inert <0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone of the power grid is obtained.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency control module 802 is specifically configured to:
determining a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, R, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t Droop,t Is the sag factor at time t, f t For the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max For maximum frequency deviation, min is a small value operation, max is a large value operation, P BESSN The rated power of the energy storage system;
r is determined according to the following formula Droop,t ：
Wherein R is max At maximum sag factor, R min To a minimum sag factor, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC (system on chip) max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC (system on chip) min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
In specific implementation, the primary frequency control module 802 is specifically configured to:
the total active control command is determined as follows:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
In conclusion, the method and the device for the energy storage system to participate in the primary frequency control of the power grid can significantly improve the frequency change amplitude and the stable speed when the frequency of the power grid is disturbed by utilizing the quick response capability of the energy storage system, and improve the capability of the power grid to resist the load disturbance.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for participating in power grid primary frequency control by an energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the power grid frequency and the charge state of the energy storage system in real time, and if the power grid frequency deviation does not exceed the maximum frequency deviation, circularly monitoring the power grid frequency and the charge state of the energy storage system; if the frequency deviation of the power grid exceeds the maximum frequency deviation, determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the frequency deviation of the power grid and the charge state of the energy storage system:
if the primary frequency modulation starting condition is met, starting virtual inertia response and primary variable droop control, and determining a virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; adjusting the active output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction;
wherein the grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system;
the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual inertia coefficient, K Inert ＜0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone of the power grid is obtained.
2. The method for the energy storage system to participate in the grid primary frequency control according to claim 1, wherein the determining that the energy storage system participates in the grid primary frequency control according to the deviation direction of the grid frequency deviation and the state of charge of the energy storage system comprises:
in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t ＞50+Δf max And SOC BESS,t ＜SOC max Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
or in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t ＜50-Δf max And SOC BESS,t ＞SOC min Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
wherein, f t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; SOC (system on chip) BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC (system on chip) max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
3. The method of participation of an energy storage system in grid primary frequency control as claimed in claim 1, wherein said primary frequency modulation enabling conditions include virtual inertia response enabling conditions and primary variable droop control enabling conditions;
the virtual inertia response starting conditions are as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the time t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when f t -50|＞Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein f is t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is a unit of delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
4. The method for participating in grid primary frequency control by an energy storage system according to claim 3, further comprising:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertia response ending condition is as follows:
when the power grid frequency reaches a peak value and the preset time is delayed, the virtual inertia response is finished;
the conditions for finishing the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when t is>T delay2 When the variable droop control is finished, finishing the primary variable droop control;
wherein, T delay2 A preset second delay time.
5. The method for participating in grid primary frequency control of the energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, R, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t Droop,t Is the droop coefficient at time t, f t Is the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max Min is the minimum value operation, max is the maximum value operation, P BESSN The rated power of the energy storage system;
r is determined according to the following formula Droop,t ：
Wherein R is max At the maximum sag factor, R min To a minimum sag factor, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC (system on chip) min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
6. The method of energy storage system participation in grid primary frequency control of claim 5, wherein the total active control command is determined according to the following formula:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
7. An apparatus for an energy storage system to participate in primary frequency control of a power grid, comprising:
the monitoring module is used for monitoring the power grid frequency and the charge state of the energy storage system in real time, and if the power grid frequency deviation does not exceed the maximum frequency deviation, the power grid frequency and the charge state of the energy storage system are monitored in a circulating manner;
the primary frequency control module is used for determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the charge state of the energy storage system if the power grid frequency deviation exceeds the maximum frequency deviation:
if the primary frequency modulation starting condition is met, starting virtual inertia response and primary variable droop control, and determining a virtual inertia response and a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system; determining a total active control instruction according to the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control power adjustment value; adjusting the active power output of the energy storage system according to the total active control instruction value;
wherein the grid frequency deviation is an absolute value of a difference between the grid frequency and a nominal frequency of the power system;
the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
determining a virtual inertial response of the energy storage system according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Inert,t For the virtual inertial response of the energy storage system at time t, K Inert Is a virtual coefficient of inertia, K Inert ＜0，df t The power grid frequency change rate at the time t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone of the power grid is obtained.
8. The device for energy storage system to participate in grid primary frequency control according to claim 7, wherein the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid according to the deviation direction of the power grid frequency deviation and the charge state of the energy storage system in the following mode:
in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t ＞50+Δf max And SOC BESS,t ＜SOC max When the power grid primary frequency control is carried out, the energy storage system is determined to participate in the power grid primary frequency control;
or in the direction of deviation f of the grid frequency deviation t ＜50-Δf max And SOC BESS,t ＞SOC min Determining that the energy storage system participates in primary frequency control of the power grid;
wherein f is t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; SOC (system on chip) BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC (system on chip) max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
9. The apparatus for energy storage system participation in grid primary frequency control as claimed in claim 7, wherein said primary frequency modulation enabling conditions include virtual inertia response enabling conditions and primary variable droop control enabling conditions;
the virtual inertia response starting conditions are as follows:
when | df t /dt|≥R lim When the virtual inertial response is started;
wherein df is t The power grid frequency change rate at the moment t is/dt lim The frequency change rate dead zone is the power grid frequency change rate dead zone;
the starting conditions of the primary variable droop control are as follows:
when | f t -50|＞Δf max And t is>T delay1 When the droop control is started, the droop control is started for one time;
wherein f is t The grid frequency at time t; Δ f max Is the maximum frequency deviation; t is delay1 Is a preset first delay time.
10. The apparatus for energy storage system participation in grid primary frequency control as claimed in claim 9, wherein the primary frequency control module is further configured to:
when the primary frequency modulation finishing condition is met, finishing the virtual inertia response and the primary variable droop control;
the primary frequency modulation end condition comprises a virtual inertia response end condition and a primary variable droop control end condition;
the virtual inertia response ending condition is as follows:
when the power grid frequency reaches a peak value and the preset time is delayed, the virtual inertia response is finished;
the primary variable droop control ending condition is as follows:
when t is>T delay2 When the variable droop control is finished, finishing the primary variable droop control;
wherein, T delay2 Is a preset second delay time.
11. The device for energy storage system to participate in grid primary frequency control according to claim 7, wherein the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
determining a primary variable droop control power adjustment value of the energy storage system according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Droop,t Controlling a power adjustment value, R, for a variable droop of the energy storage system at time t Droop,t Is the droop coefficient at time t, f t Is the grid frequency at time t, Δ f max For maximum frequency deviation, min is a small value operation, max is a large value operation, P BESSN The rated power of the energy storage system;
r is determined according to the following formula Droop,t ：
Wherein R is max At the maximum sag factor, R min To a minimum sag factor, SOC BESS,t The state of charge of the energy storage system at the moment t; SOC max The maximum value of the state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; SOC min Is the minimum allowed state of charge of the energy storage system.
12. The device for energy storage system to participate in grid primary frequency control according to claim 11, wherein the primary frequency control module is specifically configured to:
the total active control command is determined as follows:
ΔP PF,t ＝ΔP Inert,t +ΔP Droop,t ；
wherein, Δ P PF,t Is the total active control command at the moment t.
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| CN107800138B (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2020-08-11 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Deviation peak value calculation method and device based on power grid frequency deviation change rate |
| CN107769234B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2020-10-02 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Frequency modulation capability evaluation method of multi-point energy storage coordination distributed power supply |
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