CN109888796B - Control method and system for battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of power grid - Google Patents
Control method and system for battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of power grid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a control method and a system for a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid; determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station; and adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station. The invention utilizes the quick response characteristic of the battery energy storage power station to quickly respond and quickly recover the power grid frequency change so as to improve the steady-state performance of primary frequency modulation; meanwhile, the battery energy state of the battery energy storage power station is optimized, so that the battery energy storage power station has the capability of long-time primary frequency modulation, and the transient performance of the primary frequency modulation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a control method and a control system for a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid.
Background
The frequency of the power system is an important control parameter of the operation of the power system, reflects the balance relation between the generated active power and the load, and has close connection with the safety and efficiency of power equipment of vast users and power generation and supply equipment.
The primary frequency modulation of the power system is implemented by a speed regulation system of the prime motor, has quick response to system frequency change, mainly bears rapid load random fluctuation with smaller amplitude, and has a certain buffering effect on load mutation under abnormal conditions, so that the existence of the primary frequency modulation can not be replaced;
at present, the traditional thermal power generating unit and the hydroelectric generating unit are mainly relied on to respond to primary frequency modulation, but the phenomenon that the primary frequency modulation capacity is obviously insufficient due to the technical limitation exists, and even the theoretical primary frequency modulation capacity value is far from being reached. Meanwhile, in the actual operation of the primary frequency modulation of the electric power, the situation that some power plants automatically lock the frequency modulation function for reducing the abrasion of the unit is common, and the factors influence the quality of the primary frequency modulation. Although primary frequency modulation is an important way of controlling the system frequency, it cannot be relied on alone to adjust the system frequency due to the attenuation of its adjustment and the poor nature of the adjustment.
In the prior art, the checking performance of primary frequency modulation is mainly embodied in two aspects: steady state performance and transient performance. The steady state performance refers to the fact that after the power grid frequency is disturbed from one stable value, the unit reaches the other stable value after the complete primary frequency modulation process, and the load regulation capacity of the unit in the primary frequency modulation process is mainly reflected. Transient performance refers to the characteristics of load regulation speed, overshoot, lag time, regulation time and the like in the primary frequency modulation process.
The control strategy of the current battery energy storage power station participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid comprises virtual inertial control and virtual droop control. The virtual inertia control adjusts the energy storage capacity according to the system frequency change rate, can quickly respond to the system frequency change in advance, and prevents the system frequency change, and changes the transient performance of the system frequency; and the virtual droop control adjusts the energy storage output according to the system frequency, so that the steady-state frequency deviation of the system is reduced.
In this regard, research shows that the energy storage technology can reduce the frequency modulation capacity required by the power grid and improve the safety and reliability of the power grid. Compared with the traditional generator set, the battery energy storage technology has the most outstanding advantages of quick and accurate power response capability, so that the frequency modulation effect is better than that of the traditional generator set, the frequency modulation capacity required by the system can be reduced, and the rotation standby of the electric power system is saved. The rotary spare capacity saved in the frequency modulation can be used for peak shaving, accident spare and the like of the power grid, and the safety and reliability of the operation of the power grid are further improved.
However, the energy storage cost of the battery is higher, the configured energy is smaller, the energy state of the stored energy is changed when the battery runs under the working condition of primary frequency modulation for a long time, the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid is weakened when the energy storage energy is lower or higher, and at present, the requirement of primary frequency modulation cannot be met for a long time by the stored energy of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a control method and a system for a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, which utilize the rapid response characteristic of battery energy storage to rapidly respond and rapidly recover the power grid frequency so as to improve the steady-state performance of the primary frequency modulation; meanwhile, the energy state of battery energy storage is optimized, so that the battery energy storage power station has the capability of long-time primary frequency modulation, and the transient performance of the primary frequency modulation is improved.
The invention aims at adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a control method of a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, which is improved in that the method comprises the following steps:
determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station.
Preferably, the determining the grid frequency modulation requirement according to the grid frequency deviation change rate includes:
determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate;
and determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Further, the determining the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate includes:
when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,M B ＝0，
when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and Δf' low ＜|Δf′|≤Δf′ high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The virtual droop coefficient is a preset maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Further, the determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid includes:
determining the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid as follows f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf′+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual for primary frequency modulation of power gridInertia coefficient; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
Preferably, the determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station includes:
determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station.
Further, the determining the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station includes:
when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Power station for storing energy for batteryRecovering power by discharging; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is a generator set droop coefficient for supplying power to a power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
Further, the determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station includes:
determining the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial member;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station;
wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d Is an inertial time constant; s is a complex frequency domain operator.
Preferably, adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station comprises:
when |Δf| is equal to or greater than Δf d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above, K pf The frequency penalty coefficient of the battery energy storage power station; pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency;
wherein the frequency penalty factor of the battery energy storage power station is determined according to the following formula:
in the above formula, Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
The invention provides a battery energy storage power station control system for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, which is improved in that the system comprises:
the first determining module is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
the second determining module is used for determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the power grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station.
Preferably, the first determining module includes:
the first determining unit is used for determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Further, the first determining unit is configured to determine that when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，
When Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and Δf' low ＜|Δf′|≤Δf′ high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B For primary frequency modulation of electric networkVirtual inertial coefficients; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The virtual droop coefficient is a preset maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Further, the second determining unit is configured to determine the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid according to the following formula f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf′+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
Preferably, the second determining module includes:
the third determining unit is used for determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and the fourth determining unit is used for determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station.
Further, the third determination unit is used for determining that when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is a generator set droop coefficient for supplying power to a power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
Further, the fourth determining unit is configured to determine an energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial member;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station;
wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d Is an inertial time constant; s is a complex frequency domain operator.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of, the adjusting module is used for adjusting the adjusting module when the absolute value of the adjusting module is more than or equal to the absolute value of the adjusting module d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above, K pf The frequency penalty coefficient of the battery energy storage power station; pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency;
wherein the frequency penalty factor of the battery energy storage power station is determined according to the following formula:
in the above formula, Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
Compared with the closest prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid; determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station; adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation demand and the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station; according to the invention, the traditional unit is assisted by the battery energy storage power station to correct the power grid frequency deviation, and the power grid frequency is rapidly responded and rapidly recovered by utilizing the rapid response characteristic of the battery energy storage so as to improve the steady-state performance of primary frequency modulation; meanwhile, the energy state of battery energy storage is optimized, so that the battery energy storage power station has the capability of long-time primary frequency modulation, and the transient performance of the primary frequency modulation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control method of a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a primary frequency modulation control of a power grid based on a battery energy storage power station;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system of a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
101. determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
in the optimal embodiment provided by the invention, the power grid frequency deviation change rate can be obtained by the following process:
as shown in fig. 2, obtaining a power grid frequency through a synchronous vector measurement unit, making a difference with a rated frequency of the power grid to obtain a power grid frequency deviation, and deriving the power grid frequency to obtain a power grid frequency deviation change rate;
for example: the method comprises the steps of installing a battery energy storage power station on a bus side of a traditional generator set to be matched, acquiring real-time power grid frequency data f from a synchronous vector measurement unit, performing difference with the rated frequency of a system of 50Hz to obtain frequency deviation delta f, and deriving the frequency deviation to obtain a frequency deviation change rate delta f';
102. determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery state of charge may be obtained using the following procedure:
as shown in fig. 2, may be obtained by a battery energy management module;
103. adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation demand and the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station;
specifically, the step 101 includes:
determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate;
and determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Specifically, the determining the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate includes:
when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，
When Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf'. Δf >)0 and Δf' low ＜|Δf′|≤Δf′ high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; m is M BM The maximum value of the virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid;
when the system frequency is in a recovery steady state and the system frequency deviation change rate is greater than the power grid frequency deviation change rate preset minimum value, the virtual inertia coefficient M B Setting zero, and setting the virtual sagging coefficient K B Setting an inverse relation with the frequency deviation change rate; when the system frequency is in the steady state recovery stage and the system frequency change rate is smaller than the power grid frequency deviation change rate preset minimum value, the virtual inertia coefficient M is calculated B Setting zero, and setting the virtual sagging coefficient K B Setting a maximum value, so that the obstruction of virtual inertia control to frequency recovery is reduced, and simultaneously, virtual droop control supports steady-state frequency; when the system frequency is in a state deviating from a steady state and the system frequency deviation change rate is larger than the preset maximum value of the power grid frequency deviation change rate, the virtual inertia coefficient M is calculated B Setting a maximum value, carrying out rapid advanced adjustment on frequency change caused by power unbalance, and reducing the speed of the frequency change and the maximum frequency deviation value; will be a virtual droop coefficient K B Setting an inverse relation with the frequency deviation change rate; when the system frequency is in a state deviating from a steady state and the system frequency deviation change rate is in a preset power grid frequency deviation change rateWhen the minimum value is between the preset maximum value, the virtual inertia coefficient M is calculated B Setting the virtual droop coefficient K in direct proportion to the frequency deviation change rate B Setting an inverse relation with the frequency deviation change rate; when the system frequency is in a state deviating from a steady state and the system frequency deviation change rate is smaller than the power grid frequency deviation change rate preset minimum value, the virtual inertia coefficient M B Setting the virtual droop coefficient K in direct proportion to the frequency deviation change rate B And setting the maximum value, namely when the power grid receives large active load disturbance, causing the system frequency to change faster and greatly, when the system frequency changes faster and deviates from a steady state, increasing the virtual inertia output to prevent the power grid frequency from changing, and when the power grid frequency changes slower or the power grid frequency changes in a steady state, reducing the virtual inertia output, increasing the virtual sagging output and enabling the power grid frequency to be restored to the steady state. Therefore, the battery energy storage power station participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid to reduce the frequency change rate, reduce the maximum frequency deviation and improve the frequency recovery speed.
The determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid comprises the following steps:
determining the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid as follows f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf′+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; -M B * Δf' is inertia adjustment power, is proportional to the change rate of system frequency deviation, can quickly reflect the change of system frequency, and can adjust the frequency in advance to prevent the change of the system frequency; -K B * Δf is droop adjustment power, is proportional to system frequency deviation, and can be used for steady-state support of system frequency; when the power grid frequency deviation is outside the dead zone, the battery energy storage power station participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid so as to improve the rapidity of frequency modulation response and frequency recovery.
The step 102 includes:
determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station.
Specifically, the determining the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station includes:
when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />When the first working condition is that the energy storage energy state is extremely small, the discharge recovery power is +.>Zero setting, charging recovery power->Setting the negative maximum recovered power.
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is a sagging coefficient of a generator set for supplying power to a power grid, wherein the generator set adopts a traditional generator set, such as a diesel generator set, a gas generator set, a gasoline generator set, a hydroelectric generator set, a coal-fired generator set and the like; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
Specifically, the determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station includes:
in order to reduce the power recovered by the charge and discharge of the battery energy storage power station, the actual output power mutation of the battery energy storage power station causes frequency oscillation, the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station is determined according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial link, which has hysteresis and delay;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />For storing batteriesThe power station can recover the power after discharging; when the power grid frequency deviation is in the dead zone, the battery in the battery energy storage power station is recovered by charging and discharging, so that the battery energy storage power station has enough energy in the long-time frequency modulation process, and the power grid frequency modulation requirement of the next stage can be met.
Wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d The inertia time constant is 0.1, which is related to the power adjustment time of the traditional unit. s is a complex frequency domain operator.
Further, the step 103 includes:
when |Δf| is equal to or greater than Δf d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above, K pf The frequency penalty coefficient of the battery energy storage power station; pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The maximum value of the virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency;
when the frequency of the power grid system exceeds the frequency state of the dead zone, the power grid frequency state is poor, the battery energy storage power station participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, at the moment, the frequency modulation is mainly used, the battery energy is recovered as an auxiliary, and the battery energy storage power station is low in charge and discharge recovery power, so that the charge and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station is set to zero. When the system frequency is in the frequency state of the dead zone and the power grid frequency trend deviates to the rated frequency, the power grid frequency state is good, the battery energy storage power station performs battery charge and discharge recovery, at the moment, the battery energy storage power station is mainly subjected to charge and discharge recovery, frequency modulation is auxiliary, and the battery energy storage power station does not need to perform virtual droop control and virtual inertia control to maintain the stability of the power grid frequency because the power grid frequency is in the dead zone, so that the power grid frequency modulation requirement is set to zero. When the system frequency is in the frequency state of the dead zone and the power grid frequency trend deviates from the rated frequency, namely, the power grid frequency state is good, but the power grid frequency operation trend is poor, the virtual inertia coefficient is controlled by adopting the maximum value to keep the early warning performance of the power grid frequency, and at the moment, the combined operation of the charge and discharge recovery and the maximum virtual inertia control of the battery energy storage power station is regulated.
Wherein the frequency penalty factor of the battery energy storage power station is determined according to the following formula:
in the above formula, Δf is the power grid frequency deviation; the frequency punishment coefficient punishs the recovery of the battery energy storage power station, and avoids conflict with the primary frequency modulation behavior of the power grid in the battery energy storage power station in a short time, and influences the frequency modulation effect of the primary frequency modulation of the battery energy storage power station.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery energy storage power station control system for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, as shown in fig. 3, the system comprises:
the first determining module is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
the second determining module is used for determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the power grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station.
Specifically, the first determining module includes:
the first determining unit is used for determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Specifically, the first determining unit is configured to determine that when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，
When Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and Δf' low ＜|Δf′|≤Δf′ high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; m is M BM The maximum value of the virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
Specifically, the second determining unit is configured to determine the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid according to the following formula f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf′+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
Specifically, the second determining module includes:
the third determining unit is used for determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
and the fourth determining unit is used for determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station.
Specifically, the third determination unit is used for determining that when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is the sagging coefficient of the traditional generator set; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
Specifically, the fourth determining unit is configured to determine an energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial member;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station;
wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d Is an inertial time constant; s is complex frequency domain operator。
Specifically, the adjusting module is used for adjusting the adjustment value when |Δf| is equal to or greater than Δf d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above, K pf The frequency penalty coefficient of the battery energy storage power station; pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The maximum value of the virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency;
wherein the frequency penalty factor of the battery energy storage power station is determined according to the following formula:
in the above formula, Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method for controlling a battery energy storage power station for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, the method comprising:
determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid frequency modulation demand and the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station;
the determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the deviation change rate of the power grid frequency comprises the following steps:
determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate;
determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual sagging coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid;
the determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station;
the adjusting the regulated power of the battery energy storage power station based on the grid regulated demand and the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station comprises:
when |Δf| is equal to or greater than Δf d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above, K pf Power station for storing energy for batteryFrequency penalty coefficients of (2); pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the grid primary frequency modulation based on the grid frequency deviation rate of change comprises:
when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，
When Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and Δf' low 〈|Δf'|≤Δf' high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; m is M BM For electric networkA preset maximum value of the virtual inertia coefficient of primary frequency modulation; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The virtual droop coefficient is a preset maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the grid frequency modulation demand based on the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual droop coefficient of the grid primary frequency modulation comprises:
determining the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid as follows f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf'+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station from the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station comprises:
when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is a generator set droop coefficient for supplying power to a power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station from the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station comprises:
determining the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial member;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station;/>recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station;
wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d Is an inertial time constant; s is a complex frequency domain operator.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency penalty factor for the battery energy storage power station is determined as follows:
in the above formula, Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
7. A battery energy storage power station control system for primary frequency modulation of a power grid, the system comprising:
the first determining module is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the frequency deviation change rate of the power grid;
the second determining module is used for determining the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the frequency modulation power of the battery energy storage power station based on the power grid frequency modulation requirement and the energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station;
the first determining module includes:
the first determining unit is used for determining a virtual inertia coefficient and a virtual sagging coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid according to the power grid frequency deviation change rate;
the second determining unit is used for determining the frequency modulation requirement of the power grid according to the virtual inertia coefficient and the virtual sagging coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid;
the second determining module includes:
the third determining unit is used for determining battery charge recovery power and discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station according to battery charge information of the battery energy storage power station;
a fourth determining unit, configured to determine an energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station according to the battery charge recovery power and the discharge recovery power of the battery energy storage power station;
the adjusting module is used for:
when |Δf| is equal to or greater than Δf d At the time, letting pb r =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f ；
When Δf'. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f =0, and adjusts the frequency modulation power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb r ·k pf ；
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and |Δf| < Δf d At the time, letting pb f ＝-M BM Δf' and adjusting the frequency modulated power pb of the battery energy storage power station a ＝pb f +pb r ·K pf ；
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,the frequency penalty coefficient of the battery energy storage power station; pb (pb) f The frequency modulation requirement of the power grid is met; pb (pb) r The energy requirement of the battery energy storage power station; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf is the grid frequency deviation; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first determination unit is to:
when Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，
When Δf '. Δf is less than or equal to 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low When M is B ＝0，K B ＝K BM ；
When Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | > Δf ' high When M is B ＝M BM ，
When Δf'. Δf > 0 and Δf lo ' w 〈|Δf'|≤Δf’ high In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when Δf '. Δf > 0 and |Δf ' | is less than or equal to Δf ' low In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,K B ＝K BM ；
wherein Δf is the grid frequency deviation; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation rate of change; Δf' high The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; Δf' low The method comprises the steps of setting a preset minimum value for the frequency deviation change rate of a power grid; m is M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; m is M BM The method comprises the steps of presetting the maximum value of a virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of a power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) BM The virtual droop coefficient is a preset maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the second determining unit is to:
determining the frequency modulation requirement pb of the power grid as follows f ：
pb f ＝-(M B *Δf'+K B *Δf)
In the above, M B Virtual inertia coefficient for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; k (K) B Virtual droop coefficients for primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf' is the grid frequency deviation variationA rate; Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the third determination unit is to:
when the soc is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the soc min In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc min ≤soc≤soc 0 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc 0 ≤soc≤soc max In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
when the soc max When the soc is more than or equal to 1,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station; the soc is the state of charge of the battery; soc min Presetting a minimum value for the state of charge of the battery; soc 0 Presetting a median value for the state of charge of the battery; soc max Presetting a maximum value for the state of charge of the battery; pb (pb) rm Restoring the maximum power for the stored energy; />
Wherein the stored energy recovery power maximum value is determined as follows:
Pb rm ＝(D+K BM +1/R)Δf d
in the above formula, D is a load damping coefficient; r is a generator set droop coefficient for supplying power to a power grid; k (K) BM The maximum value of the virtual droop coefficient of the primary frequency modulation of the power grid; Δf d Is a dead band frequency.
11. The system of claim 7, wherein the fourth determination unit is to:
determining the energy demand of the battery energy storage power station according to the following formula:
in the above, G d (s) is an inertial member;recovering power for charging the battery energy storage power station; />Recovering power for discharging of the battery energy storage power station;
wherein the inertial links are determined as follows:
in the above, T d Is an inertial time constant; s is a complex frequency domain operator.
12. The system of claim 7, wherein the frequency penalty factor for the battery energy storage power station is determined as follows:
in the above formula, Δf is the grid frequency deviation.
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| CN111654048B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-07-01 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for improving virtual inertia support effect of battery energy storage system |
| CN111614106B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-07-05 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Control method for battery energy storage system to participate in primary frequency modulation of power grid |
| CN111900741B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-02-20 | 苏州斯威高科信息技术有限公司 | Quick frequency adjustment device and method for power grid |
| CN112003303B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-06-25 | 北京朗信智能科技有限公司 | Power grid frequency control device and method based on battery energy storage system |
| WO2022194330A1 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Methods and systems for damping power oscillations during frequency fluctuations |
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