CN111614107B - Energy storage system primary frequency modulation control method based on weight factors - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/002—Flicker reduction, e.g. compensation of flicker introduced by non-linear load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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Abstract
The invention provides a primary frequency modulation control method of an energy storage system based on weight factors, which is characterized in that when the frequency deviation of the system exceeds the dead zone of energy storage frequency modulation, virtual inertia and virtual droop jointly form energy storage output, and the weight factor omega of the virtual inertia changing along with the frequency is utilized1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The proportion of the virtual inertia and the virtual droop in the energy storage output force is controlled, so that different frequency modulation control modes are formed, and the primary frequency modulation effect is improved. The energy storage frequency modulation control method is scientific and reasonable, can effectively improve the frequency fluctuation of the power grid, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid frequency modulation, in particular to a primary frequency modulation control method of an energy storage system based on a weight factor.
Background
The randomness and the fluctuation of the output of the new energy aggravate the power mismatching degree of two sides of the source load, and seriously threaten the frequency safety of the system. Therefore, it is very desirable to improve the frequency stability of high wind permeability grids. The stored energy is taken as a better frequency modulation power supply and becomes a research hotspot by virtue of the advantages of accurate tracking, quick response, bidirectional adjustment and the like, however, no literature report and practical application of a primary frequency modulation control method of an energy storage system based on a weight factor are found so far, so that the research on the control method for improving the primary frequency modulation effect of the stored energy has great significance for the application of the stored energy in the frequency modulation field.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the problems of aggravated power grid frequency fluctuation and insufficient frequency modulation power supply are solved, and the energy storage system primary frequency modulation control method based on the weight factors is scientific and reasonable, can effectively improve the power grid frequency fluctuation and ensures the safe and stable operation of a power grid;
the technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose is that the method for controlling the primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system based on the weight factor is characterized in that when the frequency deviation of a power grid exceeds the dead zone of the energy storage frequency modulation, virtual inertia and virtual droop jointly form energy storage output, and the virtual inertia changing along with the frequency is utilizedSexual weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The proportion of virtual inertia and virtual droop in the energy storage output is controlled, so that different frequency modulation control modes are adopted at different frequency variation stages, the primary frequency modulation effect is improved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) method for calculating energy storage output
The energy storage output at any moment is composed of a virtual inertia part and a virtual droop part, and the formula (1) is as follows:
wherein, Δ PEFrequency-modulating output for energy storage; delta PMEVirtual inertial force is applied; delta PKEA virtual droop force is applied; mEIs a virtual inertia coefficient; kEIs a virtual droop coefficient; Δ f is the frequency deviation; d Δ f is the rate of change of frequency deviation; omega1Is a virtual inertial weight factor, representing Δ PMEAt Δ PESpecific gravity of (1); omega2Is a virtual droop weighting factor, representing Δ PKEAt Δ PEMedium specific gravity, in the whole frequency modulation process, omega is always present1+ω2＝1；
2) Virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Method of construction of
Because the suppression effect of the virtual inertia on d delta f is good, and the suppression effect of the virtual droop on delta f is good, the output proportion of the virtual inertia is larger when d delta f is larger, and the output proportion of the virtual droop is larger when delta f is larger, and in order to achieve the aim, the virtual inertia weight factor omega is used1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Defined as a function of af, so that it automatically adjusts with frequency deviation,
(a) when the load of the power grid is disturbed, the frequency deviation changing process is divided into the following two conditions:
when the load is suddenly increased, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is less than or equal to 0, and the frequency deviation change process is as follows: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
when the load is suddenly reduced, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is more than or equal to 0, and the frequency deviation change process is as follows: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
(b) according to the change process of the power grid frequency deviation, the construction method of the weight factor comprises the following steps:
load suddenly increased by delta f less than or equal to 0
According to the change characteristics of the frequency deviation, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e., - Δ fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e., - Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetFrequency recovery stage t>t3，
Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a maximum frequency deviation time and a steady-state frequency time, -Deltafdb、-Δfset、-Δfm、-ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching-delta f by delta fsetAnd- Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is larger and gradually reduced, | Δ f | is smaller and gradually increased, and larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in the stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is1Should be larger and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f |, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d Δ f is sufficiently exerted, and the following conclusion can be reached in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system, wherein the suppression effect is smaller and should be increased along with the increase of | Δ f |: within this phase | d Δ f |, decreaseTime deltaf increases, so the virtual inertial weight factor omega1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained;
in the severe phase of frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is smaller and gradually attenuated to 0, | Δ f | is larger and increased to the maximum, the main objective of suppressing larger | Δ f | is to make the virtual droop weighting factor ω be larger2Should be larger and should increase with increasing | Δ f |, the virtual inertia weight factor ω1Should be small and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f | and decrease with increasing | Δ f |, so as to fully exert the effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f suppression, and at the same time, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained;
in the frequency recovery stage, d delta f is changed from negative to positive, the virtual inertia output is negative, the stored energy is charged, the frequency recovery is hindered in contrast to the system frequency modulation requirement, the virtual droop control can be only used in the stage, and the virtual inertia weight factor omega is enabled to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω 21, forming a single virtual droop control;
(c) the load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
According to the frequency deviation change characteristics, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e. Δ fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e. Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmFrequency recovery stage t>t3Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a time of maximum frequency deviation and a time of steady-state frequency, Δ fdb、Δfset、Δfm、ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching delta f by delta fsetAnd Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is larger and gradually reduced, | Δ f | is smaller and gradually increased, and larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in this stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is1Should be larger and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f |, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d Δ f is sufficiently exerted, and the following conclusion can be reached in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system, wherein the suppression effect is smaller and should be increased along with the increase of | Δ f |: in this phase, | Δ f | increases as | d Δ f | decreases, so the virtual inertia weighting factor ω1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained;
in the severe frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is smaller and gradually attenuated to 0, | Δ f | is larger and increased to the maximum, the main objective is to suppress larger | Δ f |, so that the virtual droop weight factor ω is increased2Should be larger and should increase with increasing | Δ f |, the virtual inertia weight factor ω1Should be small and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f | and decrease with increasing | Δ f |, so as to fully exert the effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f suppression, and at the same time, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, only virtual droop control can be used, so that the virtual inertia weight factor omega is enabled10, virtual droop weighting factor ω 21, forming a single virtual droop control;
3) virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Is calculated by
Combining 2) virtual inertial weight factor ω1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The process of the construction method, with delta f as an independent variable, is a virtual inertial weight factor omega1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Establishing a relation as formulas (2) - (5) in formulas (2) - (5) ± Δ f as dependent variabledb、±Δfset、±Δfm、±ΔfssAre respectively provided withFor energy storage dead zone, frequency fluctuation critical value, maximum frequency deviation and steady-state frequency deviation,
load sudden increase delta f is not more than 0
When is-delta fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2≧ 0, the virtual inertia weight factor ω 1 decreases with increasing | Δ f | and the virtual droop weight factor ω 2 increases with increasing | Δ f | with the expression shown in (2):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when- Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetI.e. 1 ≧ omega 2 when the frequency deterioration is severe>0.5>ω 1 ≧ 0, the virtual inertia weight factor ω 1 decreases with increasing | Δ f | and the virtual droop weight factor ω 2 increases with increasing | Δ f |, as shown in expression (3):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1；
(2) The load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
When delta fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (4):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmI.e. 1 ≧ omega when the frequency deterioration is severe2>0.5>ω1Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (5):
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1，
Selecting corresponding weight factor calculation formula from (2) - (5) according to the frequency deviation range, and calculating virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2And (4) calculating the energy storage frequency modulation output according to the formula (1).
According to the energy storage system primary frequency modulation control method based on the weight factors, due to the fact that the suppression effect of the virtual inertia on the frequency deviation change rate is obvious, and the suppression effect of the virtual droop on the frequency deviation is obvious, the virtual inertia and the virtual droop form energy storage output at any moment, and the virtual inertia weight factors omega changing along with the frequency are utilized1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The proportion of the virtual inertia and the virtual droop in the energy storage output force is controlled, so that different frequency modulation control modes are formed, and the primary frequency modulation effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical frequency modulation curve when a load suddenly increases;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical frequency modulation curve when the load is suddenly reduced;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the construction of weighting factors during a non-severe stage of frequency degradation;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the construction of weighting factors during severe stages of frequency degradation;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a simulation model;
FIG. 6 is a graph of virtual inertial weight factor versus frequency in a simulation;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the variation of weighting factors in simulation;
fig. 8 is a system frequency deviation diagram under the control of the energy storage system primary frequency modulation control method based on the weighting factor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a primary frequency modulation control method of an energy storage system based on a weight factor, which is characterized in that when the frequency deviation of a power grid exceeds the dead zone of energy storage frequency modulation, virtual inertia and virtual droop jointly form energy storage output, and the weight factor omega of the virtual inertia changing along with the frequency is utilized1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The proportion of virtual inertia and virtual droop in the energy storage output is controlled, so that different frequency modulation control modes are adopted at different frequency variation stages, the primary frequency modulation effect is improved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) method for calculating energy storage output
The energy storage output at any moment is composed of a virtual inertia part and a virtual droop part, and the formula (1) is as follows:
wherein, Δ PEFrequency-modulating output for energy storage; delta PMEVirtual inertial force is applied; delta PKEA virtual droop force is applied; mEIs a virtual inertia coefficient; kEIs a virtual droop coefficient; Δ f is the frequency deviation; d Δ f is the rate of change of frequency deviation; omega1Is a virtual inertial weight factor, representing Δ PMEAt Δ PESpecific gravity of (1); omega2Is a virtual droop weighting factor, representing Δ PKEAt Δ PEMedium specific gravity, in the whole frequency modulation process, omega is always present1+ω2＝1；
2) Virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Method of construction of
Because the suppression effect of the virtual inertia on d delta f is good, and the suppression effect of the virtual droop on delta f is good, the output proportion of the virtual inertia is larger when d delta f is larger, and the output proportion of the virtual droop is larger when delta f is larger, and in order to achieve the aim, the virtual inertia weight factor omega is used1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Defined as a function of af, so that it automatically adjusts with frequency deviation,
(a) when the load of the power grid is disturbed, the frequency deviation changing process is divided into the following two conditions:
when the load is suddenly increased, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is less than or equal to 0, and the frequency deviation change process is shown in figure 1: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
secondly, when the load is suddenly reduced, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is more than or equal to 0, and the change process of the frequency deviation is shown in figure 2: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
(b) according to the change process of the power grid frequency deviation, the construction method of the weight factor comprises the following steps:
load suddenly increased by delta f less than or equal to 0
According to the change characteristics of the frequency deviation, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e., - Δ fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e., - Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetFrequency recovery stage t>t3，
Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a maximum frequency deviation time and a steady-state frequencyRate time, - Δ fdb、-Δfset、-Δfm、-ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching-delta f by delta fsetAnd- Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is larger and gradually reduced, | Δ f | is smaller and gradually increased, and larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in the stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is1Should be larger and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f |, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d Δ f is sufficiently exerted, and the following conclusion can be reached in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system, wherein the suppression effect is smaller and should be increased along with the increase of | Δ f |: in this phase, | Δ f | increases as | d Δ f | decreases, so the virtual inertia weighting factor ω1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained; virtual inertia weight factor omega1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2The relationship between Δ f and Δ f is shown in FIG. 3;
in the severe phase of frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is smaller and gradually attenuated to 0, | Δ f | is larger and increased to the maximum, the main objective of suppressing larger | Δ f | is to make the virtual droop weighting factor ω be larger2Should be larger and should increase with increasing | Δ f |, the virtual inertia weight factor ω1Should be small and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f | and decrease with increasing | Δ f |, so as to fully exert the effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f suppression, and at the same time, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained; virtual inertia weight factor omega1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2The relationship between Δ f and Δ f is shown in FIG. 4;
in the frequency recovery stage, d delta f is changed from negative to positive, the virtual inertial output is negative, the stored energy is charged, the frequency recovery is hindered in contrast to the system frequency modulation requirement, and only virtual energy can be used in the frequency recovery stagePseudo droop control, making the virtual inertia weight factor omega 10, virtual droop weighting factor ω 21, forming a single virtual droop control;
(c) the load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
According to the frequency deviation change characteristics, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e. Δ fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e. Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmFrequency recovery stage t>t3Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a time of maximum frequency deviation and a time of steady-state frequency, Δ fdb、Δfset、Δfm、ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching delta f by delta fsetAnd Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is larger and gradually reduced, | Δ f | is smaller and gradually increased, and larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in this stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is1Should be larger and should decrease with decreasing | d Δ f |, the virtual droop weight factor ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d Δ f is sufficiently exerted, and the following conclusion can be reached in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system, wherein the suppression effect is smaller and should be increased along with the increase of | Δ f |: in this phase, | Δ f | increases as | d Δ f | decreases, so the virtual inertia weighting factor ω1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained;
in the severe frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is smaller and gradually attenuated to 0, | Δ f | is larger and increased to the maximum, the main objective is to suppress larger | Δ f |, so that the virtual droop weight factor ω is increased2Should be larger and should increase with increasing | Δ f |, the virtual inertia weight factor ω1Should be compared withThe value should be small, and should be decreased with decreasing | d Δ f |, and decreased with increasing | Δ f |, so that the suppression effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f is sufficiently exerted, and the virtual droop weight factor ω is set to be small2The change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, only virtual droop control can be used, so that the virtual inertia weight factor omega is enabled10, virtual droop weighting factor ω 21, forming a single virtual droop control;
3) virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Is calculated by
Combining 2) virtual inertial weight factor ω1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The process of the construction method, with delta f as an independent variable, is a virtual inertial weight factor omega1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Establishing a relation as formulas (2) - (5) in formulas (2) - (5) ± Δ f as dependent variabledb、±Δfset、±Δfm、±ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation,
load sudden increase delta f is not more than 0
When is-delta fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2Not less than 0, virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (2):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when- Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetI.e. 1 ≧ omega when the frequency deterioration is severe2>0.5>ω1Not less than 0, virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (3):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1；
(2) The load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
When delta fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (4):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmI.e. 1 ≧ omega when the frequency deterioration is severe2>0.5>ω1Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (5):
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1，
Selecting corresponding weight factor calculation formula from (2) - (5) according to the frequency deviation range, and calculating virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2And (4) calculating the energy storage frequency modulation output according to the formula (1).
The calculation conditions of the specific examples are illustrated below:
(1) setting a calculation example system with the rated capacity of the unit of 1000MW, the rated power of a power grid of 50Hz and the parameters of an energy storage battery of 10MW/1MWh, and converting the rest parameters into per unit values by taking the rated frequency and the rated capacity of the unit as references, as shown in Table 1;
(2) setting a frequency modulation dead zone of the traditional unit to be +/-0.033 Hz (per unit value is +/-0.00066), and setting a frequency modulation dead zone of the energy storage system to be +/-0.02 Hz (per unit value is +/-0.0004);
a simulation model shown in FIG. 5 is built in Matlab/Simulink, wherein M is a power grid inertia time constant, D is a load damping coefficient, and K isGRegulating power, Δ P, for a unit of unitL(s) is the integrated load disturbance, Δ PG(s) is the unit frequency modulation output, delta PE(s) is the energy storage frequency modulation output,. DELTA.F(s) is the system frequency deviation, TgIs the time constant of the speed regulator of the thermal power generating unit, FHPGaining a turbine reheater; t isRHIs the reheater time constant; t isCHIs the time constant, T, of the steam turbineEApplying a corresponding time constant, G, for energy storageg(s) is the unit transfer function, GEAnd(s) is a transfer function of the energy storage battery, and s is a Laplace operator.
TABLE 1 simulation model parameters
Aiming at step disturbance, the index for evaluating the effect of the energy storage frequency modulation control method is delta fmax、Δfss、VdownMaximum frequency deviation, steady-state frequency deviation and frequency droop rate, respectively. Δ fmaxThe smaller the frequency is, the smaller the frequency drop depth of the system is, and the good frequency modulation effect is. VdownThe smaller the frequency drop rate is, the slower the frequency drop rate of the system is, and the good frequency modulation effect is achieved. Δ fssSmaller indicates better system frequency recovery.
Initial SOC value set to 0.5, frequencyRate deviation critical value delta fsetStep load disturbance of 0.02p.u. is added to the simulation model for a simulation time of 40 s. The relationship between the virtual inertia weight factor and the frequency deviation is shown in fig. 6, and the time variation process of the virtual inertia weight factor and the virtual droop weight factor is shown in fig. 7.
From FIG. 6, it can be seen that the frequency deviation is at t1Is dropped to the energy storage frequency modulation dead zone (-0.4 multiplied by 10)-3Δ f is not less than 0), at t1-t2Interior at a less severe stage of frequency deterioration (-10)-3≤Δf≤-0.4×10-3) At t2-t3Is in severe stage of frequency deterioration (-1.658 x 10)-3＜Δf＜-10-3)，t3And then in the frequency recovery phase (corresponding to fig. 1). At 0s-t1The internal frequency deviation does not fall out of the energy storage frequency modulation dead zone, the energy storage does not exert force, therefore omega1＝0，ω20, as shown in fig. 7; at t1-t2The frequency is in a severe stage, where | d Δ f | is large and ω is1The variation of ω in this phase according to equation (2) with the frequency deviation is shown in FIG. 71Keep a large value, ω2Keeping a small value, thereby ensuring that the proportion of the virtual inertia control output is large and fully playing the inhibiting effect of the virtual inertia on the | d Δ f |; at t2-t3The interior is in a severe stage of frequency deterioration, in which | d Δ f | is small, | Δ f | is large, ω is1As the frequency deviation varies according to equation (3), ω at this stage is shown in FIG. 71Quickly drops to about 0.2, omega2The output proportion of the virtual droop control at the stage is ensured to be large and the suppression effect of the virtual droop on the | delta f | is exerted by rapidly increasing the output proportion to about 0.8; at t3Thereafter, in the frequency recovery phase, as can be seen from FIG. 7, ω is now at1＝0，ω2Only the virtual droop controls the stored energy output, so that the blocking effect of virtual inertia on frequency recovery is avoided.
The frequency deviation under step disturbance is shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 8, the maximum frequency deviation and the frequency steady-state deviation under the step disturbance of the control method of the present invention are both greatly improved compared with the case of no energy storage, and the frequency dropping speed of the control method of the present invention is slower than that of the case of no energy storage.
The control method effect evaluation indexes under the step disturbance of 0.02p.u. are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 evaluation results under step disturbance
As can be seen from Table 2, due to the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation and the reasonable output, the Δ f of the control method is enabledmax39.33% less than that of the non-stored energy (note: the smaller the index, the better the effect, the same below). The frequency dropping speed of the control method is 42.8% less than that of the non-stored energy, because the virtual inertia weight factor is larger in the non-serious frequency degradation stage, as shown in fig. 7, the change of | d Δ f | is suppressed. In the frequency recovery phase, the weight factor ω1＝0，ω2As shown in fig. 7, the energy storage output is formed by virtual droop, so that the steady-state frequency deviation of the control method is 30.1% smaller than that of the non-energy storage. Therefore, the control method can reasonably control the energy storage output and improve the frequency stability of the power grid.
The terms, diagrams, tables and the like in the embodiments of the present invention are used for further description, are not exhaustive, and do not limit the scope of the claims, and those skilled in the art can conceive of other substantially equivalent alternatives without inventive step in light of the teachings of the embodiments of the present invention, which are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A primary frequency modulation control method of an energy storage system based on weight factors is characterized in that when the frequency deviation of a power grid exceeds the dead zone of energy storage frequency modulation, virtual inertia and virtual droop jointly form energy storage output, and the virtual inertia weight factors omega changing along with the frequency are utilized1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The proportion of virtual inertia and virtual droop in the energy storage output is controlled, so that different frequency modulation control modes are adopted at different frequency variation stages, the primary frequency modulation effect is improved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) method for calculating energy storage output
The energy storage output at any moment is composed of a virtual inertia part and a virtual droop part, and the formula (1) is as follows:
wherein, Δ PEFrequency-modulating output for energy storage; delta PMEVirtual inertial force is applied; delta PKEA virtual droop force is applied; mEIs a virtual inertia coefficient; kEIs a virtual droop coefficient; Δ f is the frequency deviation; d Δ f is the rate of change of frequency deviation; omega1Is a virtual inertial weight factor, representing Δ PMEAt Δ PESpecific gravity of (1); omega2Is a virtual droop weighting factor, representing Δ PKEAt Δ PEMedium specific gravity, in the whole frequency modulation process, omega is always present1+ω2＝1；
2) Virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Method of construction of
The suppression effect of the virtual inertia on d delta f is good, and the suppression effect of the virtual droop on delta f is good, so that the virtual inertia weight factor omega is used1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Defined as a function of af, so that it automatically adjusts with frequency deviation,
(a) when the load of the power grid is disturbed, the frequency deviation changing process is divided into the following two conditions:
when the load is suddenly increased, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is less than or equal to 0, and the frequency deviation change process is as follows: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
when the load is suddenly reduced, the frequency deviation delta f of the power grid is more than or equal to 0, and the frequency deviation change process is as follows: in the frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from 0, and in the frequency recovery stage, | Δ f | is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state frequency deviation, wherein, | Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation, and | d Δ f | is the absolute value of the frequency deviation change rate;
(b) according to the change process of the power grid frequency deviation, the construction method of the weight factor comprises the following steps:
load suddenly increased by delta f less than or equal to 0
According to the frequency deviation change characteristics, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e., - Δ fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e., - Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetFrequency recovery stage t>t3，
Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a time of maximum frequency deviation and a time of steady-state frequency, Δ fdb、Δfset、Δfm、ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching-delta f by delta fsetAnd- Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from the minimum value 0, and the larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in the stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is the main target to be quickly suppressed1Should be greater than the virtual droop weight factor ω2And ω is1Should decrease as | d Δ f |, ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d Δ f should be fully exerted along with the increase of | Δ f |, and the following conclusion is drawn in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system: in this phase, | Δ f | increases as | d Δ f | decreases, so the virtual inertia weighting factor ω1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained;
in the severe phase of frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | gradually attenuates to 0, | Δ f | gradually increases to the maximum value, and this phase should mainly aim at suppressing larger | Δ f |, so that the virtual droop weight factorω2Should be greater than the virtual inertial weight factor ω1And ω is2Should increase with increasing | Δ f |, ω1The weight factor ω of the virtual droop should be reduced with the decrease of | d Δ f |, and with the increase of | Δ f |, so as to fully exert the suppression effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f, and at the same time, the weight factor ω of the virtual droop should be reduced with the decrease of | d Δ f |, and2the change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained;
in the frequency recovery stage, d delta f is changed from negative to positive, the virtual inertia output is negative, the stored energy is charged, the frequency recovery is hindered in contrast to the system frequency modulation requirement, the virtual droop control can be only used in the stage, and the virtual inertia weight factor omega is enabled to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω21, forming a single virtual droop control;
(c) the load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
According to the frequency deviation change characteristics, the change process is divided into: non-severe phase t of frequency degradation1～t2I.e. Δ fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetSevere stage of frequency deterioration t2～t3I.e. Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmFrequency recovery stage t>t3Wherein t is1、t2、t3、t4Respectively, an initial time, a critical time of frequency deterioration, a time of maximum frequency deviation and a time of steady-state frequency, Δ fdb、Δfset、Δfm、ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation, and reaching delta f by delta fsetAnd Δ fmAs the switching timing of the control mode, when the system frequency does not meet the requirement:
in the stage of not serious frequency deterioration, | d Δ f | is gradually reduced from the maximum value, | Δ f | is gradually increased from the minimum value 0, and the larger | d Δ f | is the main target to be quickly suppressed in the stage, so the virtual inertia weight factor ω is the main target to be quickly suppressed1Should be greater than the virtual droop weight factor ω2And ω is1Should decrease as | d Δ f |, ω2The suppression effect of the virtual inertia control on d deltaf is fully exerted according to the increase of the deltaf,in combination with the analysis of the frequency variation process of the system, the following conclusions can be drawn: in this phase, | Δ f | increases as | d Δ f | decreases, so the virtual inertia weighting factor ω1Should decrease with increasing | Δ f | while the virtual inertia weight factor ω should be made to decrease1The attenuation speed of the magnetic resonance sensor is slower, so that a larger virtual inertial output proportion is maintained;
in the severe frequency deterioration stage, | d Δ f | gradually attenuates to 0, | Δ f | increases to the maximum, and this stage should mainly aim at suppressing larger | Δ f |, so the virtual droop weighting factor ω2Should be greater than the virtual inertial weight factor ω1And ω is2Should increase with increasing | Δ f |, ω1The weight factor ω of the virtual droop should be reduced with the decrease of | d Δ f |, and with the increase of | Δ f |, so as to fully exert the suppression effect of the virtual droop control on Δ f, and at the same time, the weight factor ω of the virtual droop should be reduced with the decrease of | d Δ f |, and2the change speed of the damping device is high, and the specific gravity of the virtual droop output can be quickly increased, so that the quickly increased | delta f | is restrained;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, only virtual droop control can be used, so that the virtual inertia weight factor omega is enabled10, virtual droop weighting factor ω21, forming a single virtual droop control;
3) virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2Is calculated by
Combining 2) virtual inertial weight factor ω1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2The process of the construction method, with delta f as an independent variable, is a virtual inertial weight factor omega1Virtual droop weighting factor omega2Establishing a relation as in formulas (2) to (5) for the dependent variable, wherein in the formulas (2) to (5), delta fdb、Δfset、Δfm、ΔfssRespectively an energy storage dead zone, a frequency fluctuation critical value, a maximum frequency deviation and a steady-state frequency deviation,
load sudden increase delta f is not more than 0
When is-delta fset≤Δf＜-ΔfdbI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2Not less than 0, virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (2):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when- Δ fm＜Δf＜-ΔfsetI.e. 1 ≧ omega when the frequency deterioration is severe2>0.5>ω1Not less than 0, virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (3):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1；
(2) The load suddenly decreases by delta f ≥ 0
When delta fdb＜Δf≤ΔfsetI.e. when the frequency deterioration is not severe, 1 ≧ omega1>0.5>ω2Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1The virtual droop weight factor ω decreases as | Δ f | increases2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (4):
wherein e is a natural constant, and Δ f is a frequency deviation;
when Δ fset＜Δf＜ΔfmI.e. 1 ≧ omega when the frequency deterioration is severe2>0.5>ω1Not less than 0 and virtual inertia weight factor omega1With increasing | Δ f |Reducing, virtual droop weighting factor ω2Increasing with increasing | Δ f |, the expression is as shown in (5):
thirdly, in the frequency recovery stage, single virtual droop control is adopted to enable the virtual inertia weight factor omega to be10, virtual droop weighting factor ω2＝1，
Selecting corresponding weight factor calculation formula from (2) - (5) according to the frequency deviation range, and calculating virtual inertia weight factor omega1And a virtual droop weight factor ω2And (4) calculating the energy storage frequency modulation output according to the formula (1).
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