CN1056263A - 大界面面积的多相反应器 - Google Patents

大界面面积的多相反应器 Download PDF

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CN1056263A
CN1056263A CN90102606A CN90102606A CN1056263A CN 1056263 A CN1056263 A CN 1056263A CN 90102606 A CN90102606 A CN 90102606A CN 90102606 A CN90102606 A CN 90102606A CN 1056263 A CN1056263 A CN 1056263A
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米兰德·布霍兰纳斯·阿金卡娅
罗伯特·马丁·克罗斯
白瑞·莱昂·塔米
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co
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Priority to AT90304114T priority Critical patent/ATE106275T1/de
Priority to DE69009457T priority patent/DE69009457T2/de
Priority to EP90304114A priority patent/EP0452574B1/en
Application filed by ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co filed Critical ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co
Priority to CN90102606A priority patent/CN1056263A/zh
Priority to US07/665,637 priority patent/US5190733A/en
Publication of CN1056263A publication Critical patent/CN1056263A/zh
Priority to US07/966,634 priority patent/US5340549A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2455Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants
    • B01J19/246Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants internally, i.e. the mixture circulating inside the vessel such that the upward stream is separated physically from the downward stream(s)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2455Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants
    • B01J19/2465Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants externally, i.e. the mixture leaving the vessel and subsequently re-entering it
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/03Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2
    • C07C29/04Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C07C29/05Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds with formation of absorption products in mineral acids and their hydrolysis
    • C07C29/06Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds with formation of absorption products in mineral acids and their hydrolysis the acid being sulfuric acid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/00777Baffles attached to the reactor wall horizontal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/75Flowing liquid aspirates gas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明就其最简单意义而言是提供一种方法,通 过将分散的不同的相组成的流体流一齐注入一垂直 设置的容器内,来改进此容器内原先所含的多种不同 的流体相之接触,注入时的速度是以迫使此容器内的 流体向下通过容器内的中心区,而朝上进入环绕此中 心区的一环形区内。

Description

本发明涉及到,对不同性质物相的接触,例如气体与液体的接触作出改进。
在工业生产过程,许多重要的作业中需要将至少是两种截然不同的物相,例如将气体与液体从实质上加以混合,事实上,气体与液体间的反应在化学工业中是很普遍的。在此类反应过程中,重要的是使这些性质不同之物相间的界面面积最大化,以获得最佳的反应速率、产率或诸如此类。
本发明之一个目的在于改进多种不同物相的接触,以加速或促进所进行的化学过程。
本发明之另一目的是在由硫酸于水合烯烃耒生产乙醇过程中,改进气体或液体形式的烯烃类的吸收与反应。
本发明就其最简单的意义而言是提供一种方法,通过沿轴向将分散的不同的相组成的流体流一起注入一垂直设置的容器内,耒改进此容器内原先所含的多种性质不同的流体相的接触。重要的是,此注入的流体流具有足够的速度,可迫使此容器内所含流体循环,向下大致通过此容器外壁间的一环形区。
图1示意地例释了本发明。
图2示意地例释了本发明的另一方面。
本发明将具体地参考一种丙烯或丁烯之类的气体,分散到硫酸之类的流体中的情形耒描述。但是很快就可认识到,这里所叙述的概念与原理,同样适用于希望使不同物相进行接触的其它过程。
先耒参看图1,其中示明一大致取圆筒形且垂直设置的容器10,它有侧壁11、顶壁12与底壁14。此容器10还设有一导管4,用耒排出经由管道5与6供再循环用的液体;同时设有一导管2,用来引入经由管道5与6再循环过的液体。在容器10上另装设有一导管3,用耒排出液体产物,例如把它输送给一液体产物贮存装置(未示明)。此外配备有管道8耒将气态烯烃源(未示明)与再循环管道6连通。这样,气态的烯烃与硫酸便可一齐通过导管2送入容器10内。
导管2内装配有圆盘状的档板18与环形档板19,用耒在气态烯烃与液体硫酸流过导管2时,使之翻旋混合。此种气体与液体的混合物然后通入位于一圆筒形混合室22中央的管子中。如图所示,管子21上有一批孔23,用耒使所述的气体与液体进一步混合。之后,此混合的流体便从混合室22释出,流入在容器10中液体液面20下方敞口的喷嘴24中。
喷嘴24设计用耒将分散的气相与液相二者的流体,向下导入所述容器的大致居中心的区域内。这样,从喷嘴射出的分散物相流,如虚线所示,将朝外并向下流动。此分散物相流从喷嘴24所排射出的角度,将取决于诸如此容器的长度对直径比等多种因素。但一般地说分散流体相从喷嘴24排射出的这一角度,应使处于其向下行程最大长度的流体,将按容器10直径0.4至0.7倍间的距离外流。此喷嘴的直径能充份地把由该喷嘴射出之流体的足够动量,输送给处于其流程中的流体,使之能以约相当于所喷射之流体动量的3至20倍的动量进行运动。这只须将喷嘴直径的尺寸设计成约相当于容器长度的1/12至1/20便可。
在容器10内有一档板17,用耒引导分散的流体沿径向外流。此档板所取位置大致与喷嘴24射出之流体的下流方向垂直,并靠近容器的底部。实际上,最好使此档板的直径为容器直径的0.4至0.7倍,而离容器底部的距离最好约为容器直径的0.2至0.5倍。
工作时,由导管2中的档板将烯烃与硫酸搅拌与混合,通过管子21的孔23输入,耒形成极小的气泡。然后将此气体与液体的混合物作为一股流体射流。从喷嘴24喷出,注入容器内所盛有的流体中。从喷嘴出耒的流体射流与容器中心区15内的流体,特别是与直接处于其锥形流路中的流体交换动量,而使处于该区的流体基本上处于下行方向同时是以朝外的方向运动。这样的一种运动随之促致容器内的全部流体运动。此液体向上运动到侧壁11与中心区15间的环形区16内。如图所示,档板17使下流之流体的喷射能偏向,并使这些流体沿径向朝外流动,阻止此种能量通过再循环的引出导管4而舍离。
作业过程中,将再循环的液体流加以调节,使容器内的流体获得五次翻转,或使此容器内具有这样一种轴向液体速度,它至少三倍于例如三至五倍于此容器中最大气泡的浮升速度。这使得由管子21上的孔23与由喷嘴24所形成的小气泡具有极高的蒸汽滞留量。此外,由于容器内保持着很高的再循环速率,就可减少气泡的聚集程度,结果便能在混合室22中使得由孔23所产生的界面面积保持到很大。
下面再耒看图2,其中示明本发明之另一个但属特优的实施例。在此实施例中,于容器10环形区16的下端设有环形喷管26与27。最好使这些喷管位于环形区16内档板17上足够高的位置而不致干扰流体从中心区15的向下流动。作业时,有部分的气态烯烃从管道28经环形喷管26喷出,以帮助于容器10中确立和保持住流体的循环流动。类似地,有一部分液体酸自管道29通过环形喷管28喷出。事实上,最为理想的是使此两种喷管中之气体喷管的孔口基本上与液体喷管的孔口正交,如同1988年6月21日提出的共同未决申请系列号210550中所较详细叙述的,该项申请内容已综合于此作为参考。
当采用了这种环形喷管时,大约有供给于容器气体总量的5%至50%,而最好是有约供给于此容器的气体总量的10%,通过环形喷管26供给于环形区16,在外部的环形区16内提供上浮驱动力以稳定再循环的液体流。典型的情况是,此气体对液体的体积比是在约4∶1至约1∶2的范围。
上面是相对于采用一种气体与一种液体作了具体的叙述,但在其它的应用中,例如对于涉及到两种性质不同的液相或两种液体与一种气相时,则最好使此种再循环的液体通过一分离鼓循环,尤其是在希望将相的体积比提高或控制到高出,通过调配供给于此反应容器的两种液体所能达到的相的体积比时,此种原理已描述于1988年8月24提出的共同未决申请系列号235572中,它的内容已综合于此作为参考。

Claims (7)

1、用耒改进垂直设置之容器中所含多种不同流体相进行接触的方法,它包括:将分散的不同的相组成的流体流,用足够的轴向速度,一齐注入此容器所含流体内,以迫使此容器内的流体与该注入的流体向下流过此容器的中心区,由此使这些分散的相循环与接触。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中述及的相包括处于-第二种之内的-第一种气态相,由此,当这些相注入此容器中所含的流体内时有气泡形成,而且其中这些相是以至少三倍于容器中最大气泡的浮升速度的速度注入。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法,其中一部分所说的不同相是向上注入环绕所说中心区的环形区中的。
4、用耒改进至少两种不同流体相进行接触的设备,它包括:
垂直设置的容器,带有一在顶部的流体入口装置和在底部的流体出口装置;
档板装置,位于上述在底部的流体出口装置上方;
喷嘴装置,向下延伸,通过上述在顶部的流体入口装置进入该容器内一段距离,此距离足以伸入此容器在使用条件下所含的流体相内;
混合装置,与上述喷嘴装置通连,用耒使所述两种不同流体相中之一在另一种之内产生气泡;以及
这样的装置,用耒将至少两种不同的相,按照一足以使这些相组成流体流从喷嘴装置喷射入容器内所含流体中,且能迫使前述两种流体向下流过容器的中心区和向上通过环绕此中心区的环形区的速度,通过所述混合装置与喷嘴装置。
5、如权利要求4所述的设备,其中包括有使流体从底部上的流体出口装置再循环到顶部上的流体入口装置的装置。
6、如权利要求5所述的设备,其中包括有将两种流体相分别引入前述档板装置区域中的环形空间内的装置。
7、如权利要求6所述的设备,其中用耒将两种流体相分别引入所述环形空间内的装置是一种双环形喷管。
CN90102606A 1988-08-24 1990-05-05 大界面面积的多相反应器 Pending CN1056263A (zh)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90304114T ATE106275T1 (de) 1988-08-24 1990-04-17 Verbesserter kontakt zwischen mehreren unterschiedlichen fluidphasen in einem senkrecht angeordneten reaktor.
DE69009457T DE69009457T2 (de) 1988-08-24 1990-04-17 Verbesserter Kontakt zwischen mehreren unterschiedlichen Fluidphasen in einem senkrecht angeordneten Reaktor.
EP90304114A EP0452574B1 (en) 1988-08-24 1990-04-17 Improved contacting between plural distinct fluid phases contained in a vertically disposed vessel
CN90102606A CN1056263A (zh) 1988-08-24 1990-05-05 大界面面积的多相反应器
US07/665,637 US5190733A (en) 1988-08-24 1991-02-14 High interfacial area multiphase reactor
US07/966,634 US5340549A (en) 1988-08-24 1992-10-26 High interfacial area multiphase reactor (RM-1069)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23557288A 1988-08-24 1988-08-24
US31018289A 1989-02-15 1989-02-15
EP90304114A EP0452574B1 (en) 1988-08-24 1990-04-17 Improved contacting between plural distinct fluid phases contained in a vertically disposed vessel
CN90102606A CN1056263A (zh) 1988-08-24 1990-05-05 大界面面积的多相反应器
US07/665,637 US5190733A (en) 1988-08-24 1991-02-14 High interfacial area multiphase reactor

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CN1056263A true CN1056263A (zh) 1991-11-20

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US (2) US5190733A (zh)
EP (1) EP0452574B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1056263A (zh)
AT (1) ATE106275T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69009457T2 (zh)

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ATE106275T1 (de) 1994-06-15
DE69009457T2 (de) 1994-10-06
US5340549A (en) 1994-08-23
EP0452574B1 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0452574A1 (en) 1991-10-23
US5190733A (en) 1993-03-02
DE69009457D1 (de) 1994-07-07

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