CN105623069A - 分光生态农用大棚聚能膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

分光生态农用大棚聚能膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105623069A
CN105623069A CN201610140382.7A CN201610140382A CN105623069A CN 105623069 A CN105623069 A CN 105623069A CN 201610140382 A CN201610140382 A CN 201610140382A CN 105623069 A CN105623069 A CN 105623069A
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light splitting
masterbatch
film
agriculture greenhouse
cumulative film
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CN105623069B (zh
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房乾
房双宽
孙美菊
尹德军
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Shandong Kuanli New Material Co ltd
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HENAN YINFENG PLASTIC CO Ltd
Tumen City Swallow Plastics Co Ltd
ZIBO LINZI WIDE FORCE PLASTIC MANUFACTURING FACTORY
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种分光生态农用大棚聚能膜及其制备方法，属于农用塑料薄膜技术领域。所述的农用大棚聚能膜包括内层、中间层和外层三层结构，主要由mLLDPE、LLDPE、LDPE、EVA、单防老化母料、流变剂母料和分光生态有机母料制成；所述的制备方法是按照配方量将各组分混匀，然后采用三层吹膜机进行吹膜，经挤出、塑化成膜、吹胀、电晕、涂覆、烘干、折叠后得到分光生态农用大棚聚能膜。本发明解决了在大棚膜中单纯利用转光剂来改变光线存在的种种弊端，通过添加双峰材料和红橙色助剂，使得光线的直射变为散射和折射，而且透射到棚内的光线光谱峰值能够调整为适合植物生长的红橙光波段，能够持续保持光强度，且没有半衰期，充分利用光能自身的能量。

Description

分光生态农用大棚聚能膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分光生态农用大棚聚能膜及其制备方法，属于农用塑料薄膜技术领域。
背景技术
我国在食品安全方面有严格的标准及等级：
(1)有机食品：
a)符合国际通用标准，b)除检测果实外，必须检测土壤、水源等相关生产环境和生产过程，c)不允许使用农药、化肥、激素和转基因等技术；
(2)绿色食品：
a)符合国内的食品标准，b)限制使用部分有毒有害农药，激素等，c)不检测土壤、水源等生产环境；
(3)无公害食品：
a)国内的最低食品安全标准，普通食品都应达到这一要求，b)允许使用农药、化肥、激素等。
由以上内容可以看出，无论是绿色食品还是无公害食品，均有使用农药、化肥、激素、转基因等种植技术，这均对蔬菜、水果造成了污染，同时对人身也存在健康危害。因此，需要从农膜、水质、土壤、种子和种植户的田间科学管理方面来实现有机蔬菜、水果的种植。
蔬菜、水果类农用大棚膜是温室大棚的重要组成部分，也是植物获取充足阳光的重要来源。需要指出的是，我国过去研发的利用稀土作为转光基材的大棚膜经长期实验表明，作物的抗病能力差，易造成疯长，这是因为稀土元素只有吸收大量紫外线后，才能产生F-F能量跃迁，因此就会把自然光中的紫外线进行吸收。此外，稀土元素的折光系数较高，会导致农膜出现透光率下降，雾度值增高的现象。蔬菜、水果大棚内如果没有紫外线，易产生病菌导致病虫害频发，而喷洒大量的农药又会导致蔬菜水果的质量下降，且农药残留会危害人身健康。因此，利用稀土元素作为转光基材的大棚膜不能实现有机蔬菜、水果的种植。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，解决了单纯利用转光剂来改变光线存在的问题，能够调整透射到棚内的光线光谱峰值以更适合植物进行光合作用吸收，具有持续保持光强度、没有半衰期、充分利用光能自身能量的特点；本发明同时提供其制备方法。
本发明所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，包括内层、中间层和外层三层结构，其特征在于：
以质量百分数计，内层由以下组分制成：
以质量百分数计，中间层由以下组分制成：
以质量百分数计，外层由以下组分制成：
其中：
所述的茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)优选的型号为1018HA，高压聚乙烯(LDPE)优选的型号为2426F，线性双峰聚乙烯(LLDPE)优选的型号为FB2230，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)优选的型号为EF443。
所述水滑石母料的制备过程是将60wt％的水滑石与40wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经密炼、喂料、挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到水滑石母料，其在农用大棚聚能膜中能够起到保温的作用，同时能够阻隔热量向外扩散。
所述单防老化母料的制备过程是将5wt％的光稳定剂944与95wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到单防老化母料，单防老化母料作为一种功能性塑料添加颗粒，能够使得农用大棚聚能膜在自然暴晒条件下的实用寿命得到延长。
所述流变剂母料的制备过程是将6wt％的PPA助剂与94wt％的树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到流变剂母料，添加流变剂母料的目的是防止树脂熔体破裂，同时能够改善树脂在挤出过程中的粘度，使其达到良好的流动性。
所述的分光生态有机母料由以下质量百分数的原料制成：
其中：
LLDPE优选的型号为FB2230，生产厂家为山东省淄博市临淄宽力塑料厂；
LDPE优选的型号为2426F，生产厂家为中国石油大庆石化公司；
红橙光助剂为双峰蓝粉BaMg2Al16O27:Eu，优选的型号为210，生产厂家为山东省淄博市临淄宽力塑料厂；
荧光剂为MgAl11O19:Ce,Tb，优选的型号为330，生产厂家为德国巴斯夫公司；
预混剂为水合硅酸镁Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2，生产厂家为山东省淄博市临淄宽力塑料厂；
分散剂为聚乙烯蜡与芥酸酰胺按重量份数比为10:1进行配比得到的复配物，生产厂家为山东省淄博市临淄宽力塑料厂；
玫瑰香精的优选型号为C538，生产厂家为上海依克塞汀香料有限公司；
黄颜料的型号为213或214，生产厂家为德国朗盛；
红颜料为马高列斯染料红EG、颜料红4100、颜料红4120、氧化铁红4140中的任意一种，马高列斯染料红EG的生产厂家为德国朗盛。
本发明所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤
(1)制备分光生态有机母料：
先将LLDPE、LDPE用磨粉机进行粉碎，再将配方量的原料加入到密闭式密炼机中进行密炼，直至物料塑化均匀，然后将其加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出造粒，得到颗粒状分光生态有机母料；
(2)制备分光生态农用大棚聚能膜：
按照配方量将各组分混匀，然后采用三层吹膜机进行吹膜，经挤出、塑化成膜、吹胀、电晕、涂覆、烘干、折叠后得到分光生态农用大棚聚能膜。
其中，优选的技术方案如下：
步骤(1)中磨粉机的粉碎目数为30目；密炼时间为15min。
步骤(2)中吹膜时的吹胀比为1.5-2.5。
步骤(2)中塑化成膜后的牵引速度为15-25m/min，电晕频率为25-30Hz。
步骤(2)中挤出温度为185-220℃，烘干温度为80℃。
步骤(2)中吹膜时的层比为3:4:3，即经吹膜得到的薄膜中每层的厚度之比。
所述的制备分光生态有机母料的工艺流程如下：
配料→密炼15min→输送→料斗→双螺杆挤出→造粒→收料→计量→包装→入库
所述的制备分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的工艺流程如下：
配料→挤出机挤出→塑化→机头成膜→吹胀→上牵引→导辊→电晕→涂覆→烘干→二次上牵引→导辊→三次上牵引→叠布机→折叠→计米→包装→入库
具体步骤如下：
(1)首先按照生产配方，将内层、中间层、外层所需的原料计量，然后分别加入搅拌机进行搅拌，时间为10min，搅拌均匀后的物料分别加入内、中、外料斗，每批次均按照此程序操作；
(2)按照设定好的工艺温度和时间，开动挤出机进行挤出，物料经螺筒、螺杆的剪切，不断向前输送，由于受外加热、剪切热及摩擦热的影响，物料在螺筒、螺杆之间被彻底塑化；
(3)物料经三层复合机头的流道运动至复合段，再经平直段成型；
(4)经上牵引加紧辊的传动，管泡收上牵引的作用力不断的被牵引，形成薄膜，薄膜的厚度与挤出速度及上牵引的速度成反比，上牵引速度越快薄膜的厚度越薄，在挤出速度越快，牵引速度慢的情况下，薄膜越厚，反之相反；
(5)经导辊导入电晕机对薄膜制品表层进行电晕，使薄膜表面张力达到42达因；
(6)电晕后的薄膜制品经涂覆槽的涂覆液进行表面涂液，涂液的浓度为1:20，即1份涂覆液加入20份蒸馏水，并搅拌均匀；
(7)经二次上牵引、烘干、三次牵引后进入折叠机进行折叠，得到薄膜制品；
(9)计量称重，包装，入库。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明的聚能膜在受到阳光照射时，能够把阳光中不同波长的光谱调整、梳理、折射为色纯度好的红橙光、蓝紫光和紫外光的光质，与植物吸收的光谱相匹配，具有仿生特性；本发明通过添加双峰材料和红橙色助剂，使得光线的直射变为散射和折射，能够持续保持光强度，且没有半衰期，充分利用了光能自身的能量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的原料配方组成见表1。
表1原料配方组成
其中，水滑石母料是将60wt％的水滑石与40wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经密炼、喂料、挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；单防老化母料是将5wt％的光催化剂944与95wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；流变剂母料是将6wt％的PPA助剂和94wt％的PPA树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；分光生态有机母料的配方组成见表2。
表2分光生态有机母料配方组成
其中，分散剂为聚乙烯蜡与芥酸酰胺按重量份数比为10:1进行配比得到的复配物。
分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备分光生态有机母料：
先将LLDPE-FB2230、LDPE-2426F用30目磨粉机进行粉碎，再将配方量的原料加入到密闭式密炼机中密炼15min，直至物料塑化均匀，然后将其加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出造粒，得到颗粒状分光生态有机母料；
(2)制备分光生态农用大棚聚能膜：
按照配方量将各组分混匀，然后采用三层吹膜机进行吹膜，控制料筒温度为185-220℃，模头温度为220℃，吹胀比为1.5-2.5，经挤出、塑化成膜、吹胀、电晕、涂覆、烘干、折叠后得到分光生态农用大棚聚能膜。
三层吹膜机的加工温度见表3。
表3三层吹膜机的加工温度
加温区 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
内层/℃ 185 185 190 195 200 220 220 200 200
中层/℃ 195 195 200 200 220 220 220 220 220
外层/℃ 200 200 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
按照国家标准GB/4455-2006，对于本实施例中得到的产品进行质量检测与分析，实验检测仪器如下：
分析结果见表4。
表4实施例1产品质量检测结果
实施例2
分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的原料配方组成见表5。
表5原料配方组成
其中，水滑石母料是将60wt％的水滑石与40wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经密炼、喂料、挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；单防老化母料是将5wt％的光催化剂944与95wt％的聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；流变剂母料是将6wt％的PPA助剂和94wt％的PPA树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后而制得；分光生态有机母料的配方组成见表6。
表6分光生态有机母料配方组成
其中，分散剂为聚乙烯蜡与芥酸酰胺按重量份数比为10:1进行配比得到的复配物。
分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备分光生态有机母料：
先将LLDPE-FB2230、LDPE-2426F用30目磨粉机进行粉碎，再将配方量的原料加入到密闭式密炼机中密炼15min，直至物料塑化均匀，然后将其加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出造粒，得到颗粒状分光生态有机母料；
(2)制备分光生态农用大棚聚能膜：
按照配方量将各组分混匀，然后采用三层吹膜机进行吹膜，控制料筒温度为185-220℃，模头温度为220℃，吹胀比为1.5-2.5，经挤出、塑化成膜、吹胀、电晕、涂覆、烘干、折叠后得到分光生态农用大棚聚能膜。
三层吹膜机的加工温度见表7。
表7三层吹膜机的加工温度
加温区 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
内层/℃ 180 185 195 195 200 220 220 200 200
中层/℃ 195 195 200 200 220 220 220 220 220
外层/℃ 200 200 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
按照国家标准GB/4455-2006，对于本实施例中得到的产品进行质量检测与分析，实验检测仪器同实施例1，分析结果见表8。
表8实施例2产品质量检测结果

Claims (10)

1.一种分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，包括内层、中间层和外层三层结构，其特征在于：以质量百分数计，内层由以下组分制成：
以质量百分数计，中间层由以下组分制成：
以质量百分数计，外层由以下组分制成：
其中，所述的分光生态有机母料由以下质量百分数的原料制成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：
单防老化母料的制备过程如下：将光稳定剂944与聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到单防老化母料；
水滑石母料的制备过程如下：将水滑石与聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经密炼、喂料、挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到水滑石母料；
流变剂母料的制备过程如下：将PPA助剂与聚乙烯树脂进行混合，经挤出、塑化和造粒后，得到流变剂母料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：单防老化母料中光稳定剂944占5wt％，聚乙烯树脂占95％；水滑石母料中水滑石占60wt％，聚乙烯树脂占40wt％；流变剂母料中PPA助剂占6wt％，聚乙烯树脂占94wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：分光生态有机母料中红橙光助剂为双峰蓝粉BaMg2Al16O27:Eu，荧光剂为MgAl11O19:Ce,Tb。
5.根据权利要求1所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：分光生态有机母料中黄颜料的型号为213或214，生产厂家为德国朗盛。
6.根据权利要求1所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：分光生态有机母料中红颜料为马高列斯染料红EG、颜料红4100、颜料红4120、氧化铁红4140中的任意一种，马高列斯染料红EG的生产厂家为德国朗盛。
7.根据权利要求1所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜，其特征在于：分光生态有机母料中预混剂为水合硅酸镁Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2，分散剂为聚乙烯蜡与芥酸酰胺按重量份数比为10:1进行配比得到的复配物。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)制备分光生态有机母料：
先将LLDPE、LDPE用磨粉机进行粉碎，再将配方量的原料加入到密闭式密炼机中进行密炼，直至物料塑化均匀，然后将其加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出造粒，得到颗粒状分光生态有机母料；
(2)制备分光生态农用大棚聚能膜：
将内层、中间层、外层的原料按照配方量混匀，然后采用三层吹膜机进行吹膜，经挤出、塑化成膜、电晕、涂覆、烘干、折叠后，得到分光生态农用大棚聚能膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中磨粉机的粉碎目数为30目；密炼时间为15min。
10.根据权利要求8所述的分光生态农用大棚聚能膜的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中吹膜时的吹胀比为1.5-2.5，牵引速度为15-25m/min，电晕频率为25-30Hz；挤出温度为185-220℃，烘干温度为80℃。
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CN109168783A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-11 云南曲靖塑料(集团)有限公司 一种黑白双色保温耐老化六型大棚膜及制备方法
CN109287334B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-07-20 房乾 防灼伤漫散射果蔬专用大棚膜及其制备方法
CN109287334A (zh) * 2018-10-26 2019-02-01 房乾 防灼伤漫散射果蔬专用大棚膜及其制备方法
GB2612194A (en) * 2019-04-05 2023-04-26 British Polythene Ltd Polymeric Film
GB2612194B (en) * 2019-04-05 2023-09-06 British Polythene Ltd Polymeric Film

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