CN105614002B - 抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂、预混料、浓缩料及配合料 - Google Patents
抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂、预混料、浓缩料及配合料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂,其含有如下重量份的组分:富硒酵母20‑40,乳酸菌30‑50,薄荷油包裹物5‑20,牛磺酸1‑10,维生素E 1‑10。本发明的饲料添加剂成本较低,包含硒、牛磺酸、薄荷等可以有效缓解奶牛氧化应激的成分,提高了免疫力,降低了牛奶体细胞数。本发明的饲料添加剂可以调节瘤胃功能和增强动物抗氧化能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂领域,具体地,涉及一种抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂、预混料、浓缩料及配合料。
背景技术
畜牧生产中,无论环境、饲料还是动物自身生理阶段等因素的变化,都会造成动物的应激,给生产造成损失。自由基过剩,活性氧增多,引起脂质过氧化,生成丙二醛(MDA)和乙烷等,可使细胞发生交联失去活性,导致变性、坏死。同时应激时组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH一PX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,对已生成的自由基清除减慢,使体内细胞和亚细胞膜脂质产生毒害作用,膜结构受损。抗自由基功能不足的动物,对应激刺激更敏感,容易发生应激性疾病。
微量元素硒是机体中自由基消除系统中重要酶的活性中心元素。饲料中添加硒不仅能增强酶促系统的抗应激能力,还能影响非酶促系统。补充硒可降低奶牛乳房炎的发病率及严重程度。然而,现有技术是通过添加亚硒酸钠作为对奶牛的硒元素补充,但是亚硒酸钠毒性强用量不易掌握,而且生物利用率低,会造成动物中毒和对环境污染。牛磺酸可以减少动物应激,目前研究大多是在单胃动物上且协同作用鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂、预混料、浓缩料及配合料,可有效缓解氧化应激,提高机体免疫力,改善饲料消化率。
本发明的奶牛抗氧化应激的饲料添加剂含有如下重量份的组分:富硒酵母20-40,乳酸菌30-50,薄荷油包裹物5-20,牛磺酸1-10,维生素E 1-10。
优选地,所述饲料添加剂含有如下重量份的组分:富硒酵母25-35,乳酸菌36-42,薄荷油包裹物8-15,牛磺酸4-8,维生素E 2-5。
更优选的,所述饲料添加剂含有如下重量份的组分:富硒酵母32,乳酸菌38,薄荷油包裹物9,牛磺酸7,维生素E 4。
在本发明一个实施方案中,所述饲料添加剂还含有辅料,其在饲料添加剂中的含量优选为1-20,更优选为5-15,最优选为15重量份。
其中,所述辅料包括蔗糖和脱脂奶粉,其中,蔗糖和脱脂奶粉的重量比为1-10:1-10,最优选为等比例的蔗糖和脱脂奶粉。
其中,所述的富硒酵母菌为酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447。
其中,每kg所述的酿酒酵母亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447中有机硒的含量为2.8~3.2 g。
其中,所述的富硒酵母菌的活菌数为1×109-12CFU/g。
其中,所述的乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌,优选的活菌数为1×108-11CFU/g。
本发明的饲料添加剂可以添加到常规的维生素和矿物质预混料中,还可以将其添加到浓缩料或者将含有其的预混料添加到浓缩料中,也可以将其直接添加剂到配合料,或者将含有其的预混料添加到配合料中,因此,本发明还提供含有其的预混料、浓缩料或配合料。
本发明是为了解决奶牛养殖过程中因饲料、环境或奶牛生理阶段变化而造成奶牛应激,使机体免疫力和生产性能下降等问题而发明的一种功能性饲料添加剂配方,其优点是:
1. 本发明的饲料添加剂是用酵母富集硒元素,可以富集高含量的有机硒,有效解决了奶牛对无机硒的低吸收率。
2. 本发明的饲料添加剂加入了植物乳杆菌,可以改善奶牛瘤胃发酵环境,提高饲料利用率。
3. 本发明的饲料添加剂中含有牛磺酸,可以通过清除自由基,降低血液中丙二醛,改善奶牛的氧化应激。
4. 本发明的饲料添加剂含有薄荷油包裹物,可以通过减少奶牛热应激来达到缓解氧化应激的作用。
5. 本发明的饲料添加剂成分合理,有效促进奶牛免疫系统发挥作用,减少乳房炎发生率。
本发明公开的饲料添加剂配方中,酵母硒、牛磺酸、薄荷油等都可以减少氧化应激和提高机体免疫力,而且乳酸菌可以通过调节牛瘤胃菌群,来提高饲料利用率,增强动物免疫力。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉20份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉 50份,薄荷油包裹物5份,牛磺酸10份,维生素E 10份,蔗糖1份,脱脂奶粉10份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为8×1010CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为6×109CFU/g。
实施例2
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉40份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026 菌粉30份,薄荷油包裹物20份,牛磺酸1份,维生素E 10份,蔗糖5份,脱脂奶粉10份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为5×1011CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为3×1010CFU/g。
实施例3
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉25份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026 菌粉42份,薄荷油包裹物15份,牛磺酸8份,维生素E 2份,蔗糖4份,脱脂奶粉6份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为2×1010CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为2×1010CFU/g。
实施例4
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉35份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026 菌粉36份,薄荷油包裹物8份,牛磺酸4份,维生素E 5份,蔗糖6份,脱脂奶粉3份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为5×1010CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为8×109CFU/g。
实施例5
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉32份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉 38份,薄荷油包裹物9份,牛磺酸7份,维生素E 4份,蔗糖5份,脱脂奶粉5份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为8×109CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为3×1010CFU/g。
对比例1
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉32份,植物乳杆菌CICC 6026 菌粉38份,维生素E 4份,蔗糖5份,脱脂奶粉5份,糊精16份。
其中,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447 菌粉的活菌数为8×109CFU/g;植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为3×1010CFU/g。
对比例2
植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉38份,薄荷油包裹物9份,牛磺酸7份,维生素E 4份,蔗糖5份,脱脂奶粉5份,糊精16份,石粉16份。植物乳杆菌CICC 6026菌粉的活菌数为3×1010CFU/g。
试验例1
2013年8月选择72头泌乳天数40-60天,产奶量40-50kg的经产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,分别饲喂,试验组A:基础日粮(外加硒源为亚硒酸钠,0.3mg/kg);试验组B:基础日粮+1%实施例1添加剂;试验组C:基础日粮+1%实施例3添加剂;试验组D:基础日粮+1%实施例5添加剂;对比例组E:基础日粮+1%对比例1添加剂;对比例组F:基础日粮+1%对比例2添加剂。六组基础日粮除A组额外添加亚硒酸钠外,其余五组均不添加,基础日粮中其他成分维持原有日粮水平不变,管理水平一致,试验期56天。
1. 产奶量测定
每两周测定一次产奶量,早中晚三次挤奶。
2. 乳成分测定
每两周进行一次乳成分分析,奶样按照早:中:晚比例为4:3:3取样混合,添加防腐剂。测定体细胞数。
3. 统计分析
试验数据采用SAS10.0软件,单因素方差分析,采用Duncan法进行多重比较。
结果:本发明的微生态添加剂对奶牛产奶量的影响如表1,在整个试验期,饲喂本发明的饲料添加剂组的奶牛产奶量均高于对照组合对比例组。
表1 不同试验日期产奶量比较(kg/d·头)
组别 | 2周 | 4周 | 6周 | 8周 |
A | 43.75 | 42.33 | 41.58 | 40.00 |
B | 46.00 | 44.75 | 43.67 | 44.00 |
C | 45.23 | 43.95 | 43.30 | 43.50 |
D | 45.70 | 44.25 | 43.25 | 43.12 |
E | 44.50 | 43.67 | 43.08 | 41.00 |
F | 43.92 | 43.42 | 43.33 | 42.67 |
本发明的饲料添加剂对牛奶中体细胞数的影响如表2,在整个试验期,饲喂本发明的饲料添加剂组牛奶中的体细胞数低于对照组和对比例组。
表2 各组不同试验日期牛奶体细胞数(千/ml)
组别 | 2周 | 4周 | 6周 | 8周 |
A | 979.1 | 730.7 | 314.8 | 369.0 |
B | 544.1 | 320.5 | 195.5 | 101.0 |
C | 460.4 | 410.1 | 200.8 | 132.5 |
D | 300.1 | 220.5 | 165.5 | 59.2 |
E | 784.3 | 706.8 | 226.17 | 147.1 |
F | 622.7 | 513.6 | 220.10 | 144.5 |
试验例2
2013年10月选择72头泌乳天数40-60天,产奶量40-50kg的经产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,分别饲喂。
试验组A:基础日粮(硒源为亚硒酸钠,0.3mg/kg);试验组B:基础日粮+1%实施例2添加剂;试验组C:基础日粮+1%实施例4添加剂;试验组D:基础日粮+1%实施例5添加剂;对比例组E:基础日粮+1%对比例1添加剂;对比例组F:基础日粮+1%对比例2添加剂。六组基础日粮除A组额外添加亚硒酸钠外,其余五组均不添加,基础日粮中其他成分维持原有日粮水平不变,管理水平一致,试验期56天。
每四周进行尾静脉采血,测定免疫指标和抗氧化指标。
1. 免疫指标测定
每四周进行一次免疫指标测定,晨饲前尾静脉采血,流式细胞技术测定CD4+/CD8+,以及三种免疫球蛋白含量
2. 抗氧化指标测定
同免疫指标
3. 统计方法
同试验例1
本发明的饲料添加剂对奶牛免疫指标的影响,如表3,可以看出饲喂本专利的添加剂,该组奶牛血液中CD4+/CD8+数值显著高于其他处理组,而且牛血液中IgA,IgG,IgM三种免疫球蛋白含量也显著高于其他试验组,结果表明本发明的饲料添加剂可以增加奶牛免疫能力。
表3各试验组不同试验期奶牛血液免疫指标
本发明的饲料添加剂对奶牛抗氧化指标的影响,如表4,可以看出,通过饲喂本发明的添加剂,奶牛血液中的GSH-Px,SOD,T-AOC指标显著高于其他处理组,MAD值显著低于其他处理组,表明本发明的饲料添加剂有显著改善奶牛抗氧化指标的作用,可以缓解奶牛的氧化应激。
表4各试验组不同试验期奶牛血液抗氧化能力指标
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1. 一种抗氧化应激的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂由如下重量份的活性组分组成:富硒酵母25-35,乳酸菌36-42,薄荷油包裹物8-15,牛磺酸4-8,维生素E 2-5;
所述的富硒酵母菌为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCCNo.8447,所述的富硒酵母菌的活菌数为1×109-12CFU/g;
所述的乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌;所述植物乳杆菌的活菌数为1×108-11CFU/g;
每kg所述的酿酒酵母亚种布拉氏酵母CGMCC No.8447中有机硒的含量为2.8~3.2 g;
所述饲料添加剂可有效缓解氧化应激,提高机体免疫力和改善饲料消化率。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂由如下重量份的活性组分组成:富硒酵母32,乳酸菌38,薄荷油包裹物9,牛磺酸7,维生素E 4。
3.含有权利要求1-2任一项所述的饲料添加剂的预混料、浓缩料或配合料。
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