CN105605802A - Intelligent control solar system - Google Patents
Intelligent control solar system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105605802A CN105605802A CN201610024712.6A CN201610024712A CN105605802A CN 105605802 A CN105605802 A CN 105605802A CN 201610024712 A CN201610024712 A CN 201610024712A CN 105605802 A CN105605802 A CN 105605802A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent control solar system. The intelligent control solar system comprises a heat collector, and the heat collector comprises heat collecting pipes, reflecting mirrors and heat collecting panels; every two adjacent heat collecting pipes are connected through one heat collecting panel, and therefore a pipe-panel structure is formed between the heat collecting pipes and the adjacent heat collecting panels; straight panels are adopted as the heat collecting panels, and a linear structure is adopted as the pipe-panel structure. According to the intelligent control solar system, automatic control over a valve is achieved through a central controller, and therefore effective utilization of solar energy is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, relate in particular to a kind of solar energy collector system.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern social economy, the mankind are increasing to the demand of the energy. But the traditional energy storage levels such as coal, oil, natural gas constantly reduce, day by day in short supply, cause rising steadily of price, the problem of environmental pollution that conventional fossil fuel causes is simultaneously also further serious, and these are all limiting the development of society and human life quality's raising greatly. Energy problem has become one of distinct issues of contemporary world. Thereby seek the new energy, particularly free of contamination clean energy resource and become the focus of present people research.
Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible clean energy resource, and stock number is huge, and the annual solar radiant energy total amount of receiving of earth surface is 1 × 1018KWh, is more than 10,000 times of world's year consumption gross energy. All important using the utilization of solar energy as new energy development of countries in the world, the Chinese government also clearly proposes to want develop actively new forms of energy at Report on the Work of the Government already, and wherein the utilization of solar energy is especially in occupation of prominent position. But because solar radiation arrives tellurian energy density little (approximately a kilowatt every square metre), and be again discontinuous, this brings certain difficulty to large-scale exploitation. Therefore, in order extensively to utilize solar energy, not only want the problem on technical solution, and must be able to compete mutually with conventional energy resource economically.
The solar energy that solar thermal collector absorbs may produce surplus now in some cases, and now this part solar energy may lose, and therefore needs a kind of superfluous heat to be made full use of.
No matter the solar thermal collector of which kind of form and structure, all will have an absorption piece that is used for absorbing solar radiation, and the structure of heat collector plays important effect to the absorption of solar energy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of new solar energy collector system, thereby effectively utilizes solar energy.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of solar energy system, comprise heat collector, heat collector comprises thermal-collecting tube, speculum and collecting plate, between two adjacent thermal-collecting tubes, connect by collecting plate, thereby make to form tube plate structure between multiple thermal-collecting tubes and adjacent collecting plate, described collecting plate is straight plate, and described tube plate structure is linear structure.
As preferably, comprise temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator, described heat collector is communicated with formation closed circuit with temperature difference electricity generation device, heat collector is communicated with formation closed circuit with radiator, the pipeline parallel connection at temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator place, heat collector absorbs solar energy, water in heating heat collector, water after heating enters respectively temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator by outlet pipeline, in temperature difference electricity generation device, generate electricity, in radiator, carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out in temperature difference electricity generation device and in radiator carries out heat exchange in entering heat collector through water return pipeline,
The first valve is arranged on outlet pipe, for controlling the total water yield that enters temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator, the second valve is arranged on the position of the inlet tube of the pipeline at radiator place, for controlling the flow of the water that enters radiator, the 3rd valve is arranged on the position of the inlet tube of the pipeline at temperature difference electricity generation device place, for controlling the flow of the water that enters temperature difference electricity generation device, temperature sensor is arranged on the position of the entrance of radiator, for measuring the temperature of the water that enters radiator; Described system also comprises central controller, and described central controller carries out data and is connected with the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve, temperature sensor;
When the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is lower than certain temperature time, central controller controls the second valve strengthens aperture, controls the 3rd valve simultaneously and reduces aperture, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that strengthens the hot water that enters radiator.
As preferably,, when the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is higher than certain temperature time, central controller controls the second valve reduces aperture, controls the 3rd valve simultaneously and strengthens aperture, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that reduces the hot water that enters radiator.
Preferably, between described two tube plate structures, shape is at a certain angle, and described angle direction is relative with the circular arc line structure of speculum, between the angle that the focus of speculum forms at tube plate structure; The focus of speculum is positioned on the mid point of two tube plate structure least significant end lines; The circular arc line radius of speculum is R, and the length of every tube plate structure is R1, and the radius of thermal-collecting tube is R2, and on same tube plate structure, the distance in the center of circle of Neighbor Set heat pipe is L, and the angle between two tube plate structures is a, meets following formula:
R1/R=c*sin(a/2)b，
0.18<R2/L<0.34，
Wherein c, b is coefficient, 0.39 < c < 0.41,0.020 <b < 0.035;
0.38<R1/R<0.41，80°<=A<=150°，450mm<R1<750mm,1100mm<R<1800mm,
90mm<L<150mm,20mm<=R2<50mm。
Preferably, comprise with heat collector and carry out the temperature difference electricity generation device that pipeline is connected, temperature difference electricity generation device comprises casing, heat pipe, thermo-electric generation sheet, thermo-electric generation sheet heat radiator, controller and battery, heat pipe is set in casing, one end of thermo-electric generation sheet is connected with heat pipe, the other end is connected with radiator, and thermo-electric generation sheet is also connected with battery by controller.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages of as follows:
1) can make full use of solar energy, avoid the loss of solar heat, unnecessary solar energy is stored with the form of electric energy, so that follow-up use.
2) provide a kind of new temperature difference electricity generation device, met the demand of solar energy;
3) the present invention, by test of many times, obtains an optimum heat collector optimum results, and verifies by test, thereby has proved the accuracy of result.
4), by central controller, realize the automatic control to valve, thereby realize effective utilization of solar energy.
5) arrange by the thermal-collecting tube structure of heat collector, reach optimum absorption solar energy.
6) material and the thickness of the present invention to heat-sink shell carries out meticulous selection and experiment, has reached the technique effect of best heat absorption.
7) structure of heat collector is reasonably designed, avoid heat collector local temperature overheated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of solar energy collector system
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of temperature difference electricity generation device
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of solar energy collector system
Fig. 4 is the structural section schematic diagram of solar energy heat collection pipe
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-section of solar energy collector system
Fig. 6 is the schematical top view of thermal-collecting tube
Fig. 7 is storage heater structural representation
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of collecting plate
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 heat collector, 2 temperature difference electricity generation devices, 3 radiators, 4 valves, 5 valves, 6 temperature sensors, 7 temperature difference electricity generation device inlet tubes, 8 heat collector outlet pipelines, 9 speculums, 10 thermal-collecting tubes, 11 collecting plates, 12 headers, 13 headers, 14 casings, 15 controllers, 16 radiator inlet tubes, 17 heat collector water return pipelines, 18 valves, 19 temperature sensors, 20 heat collector oral siphons, 21 heat collector outlets, 22 housings, 23 heat pipes, 24 thermo-electric generation sheets, 25 thermo-electric generation sheet heat radiators, 26 batteries, 27 users, 28 heat-storing materials.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of solar energy collector system, as shown in Figure 1, described system comprises heat collector 1, (in Fig. 1 embodiment, heat utilization device is temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3 to heat utilization device, but be not limited to this, only give an example), valve 4, valve 5, valve 18, temperature sensor 6, described heat collector 1 is communicated with formation closed circuit with temperature difference electricity generation device 2, heat collector 1 is communicated with formation closed circuit with radiator 3, the pipeline parallel connection at temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3 places, heat collector 1 absorbs solar energy, water in heating heat collector 1, water after heating enters respectively temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3 by outlet pipeline 8, in temperature difference electricity generation device 2, generate electricity, in radiator 3, carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out in temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and in radiator 3 carries out heat exchange in entering heat collector 1 through water return pipeline 17.
In said system, in generating electricity in temperature difference electricity generation device 2 by solar energy, can utilize radiator outwards to dispel the heat. Certainly, radiator and temperature difference electricity generation device can independent operatings, or isolated operation one of them.
As shown in Figure 1, valve 4 is arranged on outlet pipe, for controlling the total water yield that enters temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3, valve 5 is arranged on the position of the inlet tube 16 of the pipeline at radiator 3 places, for controlling the flow of the water that enters radiator 3, valve 18 is arranged on the position of the inlet tube 7 of the pipeline at temperature difference electricity generation device 2 places, for controlling the flow of the water that enters temperature difference electricity generation device 2, temperature sensor 6 is arranged on the position of the entrance of radiator 3, for measuring the temperature of the water that enters radiator 3. Described system also comprises central controller, and described central controller carries out data with valve 4, valve 5, valve 18, temperature sensor 6 and is connected.
Preferably, the temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is lower than certain temperature time, and central controller controls valve 5 strengthens aperture, and by-pass valve control 18 reduces aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that strengthens the hot water that enters radiator 3. The temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is higher than certain temperature time, and central controller controls valve 5 reduces aperture, and by-pass valve control 18 strengthens aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that reduces the hot water that enters radiator 3.
The temperature measured when temperature sensor 6 is low to a certain extent time, the ability meeting variation of the now external heat exchange of radiator, cannot meet normal heating demand, this thermal-arrest ability that shows solar thermal collector also goes wrong, for example sunshine is not now very strong, or evening is not when thering is no the sun, now valve 4 can be closed automatically, valve 5 and valve 18 can be opened completely, the pipeline at temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator place forms a circulation line, water enters temperature difference electricity generation device, the electric energy of temperature difference electricity generation device storage heats entering water in temperature difference electricity generation device, the water of heating enters in radiator 3 and dispels the heat.
By above-mentioned operation, can be when sunray be strong, in the heat-sinking capability that meets radiator 3, after meeting user's radiating requirements, by more than heat generate electricity by temperature difference electricity generation device 2, the in the situation that of solar thermal collector 1 heat capacity deficiency, utilize the electric energy Heating Cyclic water of temperature difference electricity generation device storage, to meet the radiating requirements of radiator 3. Can make full use of like this solar energy, avoid the waste of too much heat.
As preferably, can not utilize the temperature that enters the water in radiator 3 automatically to control the flow of water, can adopt the environment temperature of measuring radiator periphery, for example, the indoor temperature (by indoor temperature transmitter is set) of measuring radiator is controlled the flow of the water that enters radiator automatically, if indoor temperature is too low, increases the flow of the water that enters radiator 3, if indoor temperature is too high, reduce the flow of the water that enters radiator 3.
Certainly be that the temperature measured of temperature sensor 6 need to be higher than uniform temperature by a prerequisite of indoor temperature control flow, otherwise when the thermal-arrest ability variation of solar thermal collector, in any case increase flow, radiating effect can be not fine.
When the pipeline at temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator place forms a circulation line, the temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is lower than certain temperature time, controller 15 is controlled battery 26, improves the output power of battery 26, to improve the temperature of the water in temperature difference electricity generation device of flowing through. The temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is higher than certain temperature time, and controller 15 is controlled battery 26, reduces the output power of battery 26, to improve the temperature of the water in temperature difference electricity generation device of flowing through.
By such control, can rationally utilize the electric weight of battery, avoid the loss of electric weight.
The structure of described temperature difference electricity generation device 2 as shown in Figure 2, described temperature difference electricity generation device 2 comprises casing 14, heat pipe 23, thermo-electric generation sheet 24, thermo-electric generation sheet heat radiator 25, controller 15 and battery 26, heat pipe 23 is set in casing, one end of thermo-electric generation sheet 24 is connected with heat pipe, the other end is connected with radiator 25, and thermo-electric generation sheet 24 is also connected with battery 26 by controller 15.
As preferably, thermo-electric generation sheet 24 is also connected with user by controller 15, and user is provided needed electric energy.
As preferably, controller 15 controls that temperature difference electricity generation device is limited meets user power utilization demand, first controller determines the required electric weight of user, and the electric weight then thermo-electric generation sheet being sent deducts after user's electric weight again, and remaining electric weight is stored in battery 26 for subsequent use.
Although Fig. 2 has only shown a thermo-electric generation sheet, in reality, be not limited to one, can arrange multiple to meet the demand of generating.
As shown in Figure 3, described solar energy collector system, comprises thermal-collecting tube 10, speculum 9 and collecting plate 11, connects, thereby make to form tube plate structure between multiple thermal-collecting tubes 10 and adjacent collecting plate 11 between two adjacent thermal-collecting tubes 10 by collecting plate 11; Described solar energy collector system comprises two tube plate structures, shape a at a certain angle between described two tube plate structures, as shown in Figure 5, described angle direction is relative with the direction of the circular arc line structural bending of speculum, between the angle a that the focus D of speculum 9 forms at tube plate structure.
Traditional heat collector is all that thermal-collecting tube is set directly in focus, once position is offset, heat just can thermal-arrest in thermal-collecting tube, pass through said structure, solar light irradiation is at speculum 9, reflex to tube plate structure by speculum 9, by heat thermal-arrest in the thermal-collecting tube 10 in tube plate structure. By this structure, even because install or operation problem causes tube plate structure position to change, solar energy still can thermal-arrest in thermal-collecting tube 10, thereby avoid thermal loss; Simultaneously because traditional heat collector is all that thermal-collecting tube is set directly in focus, cause thermal-collecting tube hot-spot, cause thermal-collecting tube local losses excessive, life-span is too short, even cause thermal-collecting tube over-heat inside, produce superheated steam, be full of whole thermal-collecting tube, cause thermal-collecting tube internal pressure excessive, damage thermal-collecting tube, and take the application's structure, both heat can be absorbed fully, again can be by dispersion relative heat, avoid heat too concentrated, make overall thermal-collecting tube heat absorption evenly, extend the service life of thermal-collecting tube.
As one preferably, the focus D of speculum 9 is positioned on the mid point of two tube plate structure least significant end lines. By above-mentioned setting, can ensure to absorb to the full extent solar energy, avoid solar energy to lose because of focal shift, can also ensure that platy structure may reduce the sunlight on speculum 9 that is radiated at blocking as far as possible simultaneously. Prove by experiment, adopt said structure, the effect of solar absorption is best.
Find in practice, the caliber of thermal-collecting tube 10 can not be excessive, if caliber is excessive, the water in thermal-collecting tube 10 can not heat fully, cause heating effect very poor, otherwise caliber is too small, the water in thermal-collecting tube can be overheated, in like manner, also meet the demands for the distance between thermal-collecting tube 10, if the distance between thermal-collecting tube 10 is excessive, the volume of the water in thermal-collecting tube 10 is too small, can cause water overheated, equally, if the distance between thermal-collecting tube 10 is too small, thermal-collecting tube distributes too close, cause the water in thermal-collecting tube 10 cannot reach predetermined problem, or must need more extra auxiliary heating instrument, for the length of tube plate structure, also meet certain requirements, if tube plate structure is oversize, can shelter from the too much sunlight that is irradiated to speculum 9, the heat that causes heat collector to absorb sunlight reduces, cause the heating state that reaches desirable, if the length of tube plate structure is too small, cause too much solar energy heating to the thermal-collecting tube of small size, cause thermal-collecting tube to be heated concentrated, but also the solar energy that can cause a part of thermal-arrest does not directly have thermal-arrest in thermal-collecting tube, but directly reflex to outside, for angle a, same principle, if angle is excessive, launch excessive to area on speculum top, can shelter from the too much sunlight that is irradiated to speculum 9, if angle area is too small, there will be the solar energy of a part of thermal-arrest directly there is no thermal-arrest in thermal-collecting tube, but directly reflex to outside, cause the loss of heat. therefore meet following relation for distance, the angle between tube plate structure, circular arc line radius between the length of tube plate structure, thermal-collecting tube internal diameter, thermal-collecting tube:
The circular arc line radius of speculum is R, and the length of every tube plate structure is R1, and the radius of thermal-collecting tube is R2, and on same tube plate structure, the distance in the center of circle of Neighbor Set heat pipe is L, and the angle between two tube sheets is a, meets following formula:
R1/R=c*sin(a/2)b，
0.18<R2/L<0.34，
Wherein c, b is coefficient, 0.39 < c < 0.41,0.020 <b < 0.035;
0.38<R1/R<0.41，80°<=A<=150°，450mm<R1<750mm,1100mm<R<1800mm,
90mm<L<150mm,20mm<=R2<50mm。
As preferably, c=0.4002, b=0.0275.
As preferably, along with the increase of angle a, it is large that the coefficient of c, b becomes gradually. So more meet the needs of real work.
As preferably, on the lower wall surface of tube plate structure (face relative with speculum 9), be provided for the projection of augmentation of heat transfer, to strengthen the absorption to solar energy. Along the middle part (being extreme higher position) of tube plate structure, on both sides extreme lower position (being that Fig. 3 thermal-collecting tube A is to B, C direction) bearing of trend, the height of projection of the lower wall surface of thermal-collecting tube is more and more higher. In experiment, find, extend to both sides from middle part, caloric receptivity raises gradually, is because there be stopping of tube plate structure by analyzing main cause, causes middle part to be heated minimum, and extends from middle part to both sides, absorbs heat and raises gradually. By the continuous rising of height of projection, can make being heated evenly of water in whole thermal-collecting tube, avoid both sides excess Temperature and medium temperature is too low. The material of the thermal-collecting tube in the middle of so also can avoiding at high temperature easily damages, and can keep the temperature of whole thermal-collecting tube even, increases the service life.
As preferably, along the link position (being the middle part of tube plate structure) of two tube plate structures to both sides (being that Fig. 3 thermal-collecting tube A is to B, C direction) extend, the density of protrusions of the lower wall surface of thermal-collecting tube is more and more higher. Main cause is heated minimum in the middle part of being, and extends from middle part to both sides, absorbs heat and raises gradually. By the continuous rising of density of protrusions, can make being heated evenly of water in whole thermal-collecting tube, avoid the too low and both sides excess Temperature of medium temperature. The material of the thermal-collecting tube in the middle of so also can avoiding at high temperature easily damages, and can keep the temperature of whole thermal-collecting tube even, increases the service life.
As preferably, the inwall of thermal-collecting tube 10 can arrange fin, straight fins or helical fin for example can be set, the interior fin height difference of different thermal-collecting tubes, along link position (being the middle part of tube plate structure) (being that Fig. 3 thermal-collecting tube A is to B, C direction) extension to both sides of two tube plate structures, the height of fin reduces gradually. Main cause is with that protruding reason is set is above identical.
Tube plate structure surface coating heat-sink shell, described heat-sink shell outwards comprises successively transition zone, infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating, antireflection coatings and protective layer in tube plate structure, and wherein that the thickness of transition zone, infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating, antireflection coatings and protective layer is respectively 0.04um, 0.25um, 0.76um, 0.14um, 0.11um; Described transition zone is by the transition zone of the compound of MF reactive magnetron sputtering method plated metal Al, Si and N formation; Described infrared reflection coating is from inside to outside tri-layers of W, Cr, Ag, and the thickness proportion of three layers is 9:4:7; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises Nb, Cr, Zr, NbN, Cr successively２Ｏ３Five layers, the thickness proportion of three layers is 8:7:4:4:5; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside TiO successively2、AlN、Ｎｂ２Ｏ５、Ａｌ２Ｏ３, and Si３Ｎ４Five layers, wherein the thickness proportion of five layers is 5:4:8:9:2; The composition of protective layer is identical with transition zone.
In above-mentioned each layer, by strengthening the thickness proportion of heat absorbing coating, reduce the thickness of infrared reflecting layer and antireflection layer, can increase greatly the absorption to solar energy, simultaneously, by adjusting the thickness proportion of the material of each layer of infrared reflecting layer and antireflection layer, also can realize the degree of reduction to sun reflection of light.
Above-mentioned dimension scale is to test by nearly hundred kinds of different thickness proportion the best result getting. By experiment, for the composition and the thickness that adopt each independent stratum in above-mentioned absorber coatings, can make the absorptance of the absorber coatings of preparation be greater than 0.944, and realize the low-launch-rate below 0.041.
For the manufacture method of above-mentioned coating, the vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film technique preparation that can use this area often to adopt.
For the concrete structure of heat collector, shown in Figure 6, described heat collector comprises header 12,13, and thermal-collecting tube 10 connects two headers 12,13. Certainly, the shape of header should be as shown in Figure 3, and at an angle at middle part, corresponding with the thermal-collecting tube in Fig. 1, Fig. 6 does not show, is only schematic diagram. In described header 12, arrange in heat collector oral siphon 20, header 13 heater outlet pipe 21 is set. As preferably, heat collector oral siphon 20 and heat collector outlet pipe 21 are arranged on the highest position of top A, can ensure that like this water in header flows from top to bottom, ensure the uniform distribution of water. Otherwise the moisture dosage in upper-part centralized heat pipe very little, causes hot-spot.
As preferably, only in the bottom of tube plate structure, heat-sink shell is set, for the top of tube sheet mechanism, solar panel is set, like this, can realize a part of heat for generating, a part of heat, for heating, is realized the dual needs that add heat and generating power.
As preferably, the material of the thermal-collecting tube of heat collector is albronze, and the mass percent of the component of described albronze is as follows: 3.9%Cr, 3.6%Ag, 2.6%Mn, 3.25%Zr, 2.3%Ce, 1.5%Ti, 2.36%Si, all the other are Cu, Al, the ratio of Cu, Al is 3.23:2.18.
The manufacture method of albronze is: adopt vacuum metallurgy melting, argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 800 DEG C of homogenising processing, at 630 DEG C, adopts and is hot extruded into bar, and then after 556 DEG C of solution hardening, carry out artificial aging processing at 220 DEG C. The tensile strength of alloy: room temperature >=540MPa, 200 DEG C >=420MPa, 300 DEG C >=-250MPa.
After tested, above-mentioned alloy has very high thermal conductivity factor and heat resistance.
As preferably, the outlet pipe of heat collector connects heat utilization device, described heat utilization device can also be hot water storage tank, hot water storage tank both can be arranged in parallel with temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3, also can replace one of them in temperature difference electricity generation device 2 and radiator 3, or the pipeline of a hot water storage tank is only set. Described hot water storage tank outer setting heat-insulation layer, described heat-insulation layer comprises vacuum thermal insulation plate, described vacuum thermal insulation plate comprises core and high-gas resistance composite membrane, by the coated core of mode high-gas resistance composite membrane vacuumizing, forms vacuum thermal insulation plate. The direction of stretching from tank outer wall facing epitaxy, described core at least comprises multilayer inorganic fibre mat, described multilayer inorganic fibre mat is multiple-level stack or connects by binding agent multilayer, density or the composition difference of at least two-layer inorganic fibre mat in described multilayer inorganic fibre mat.
As preferably, wherein core comprises the internal layer district of the close water tank wall portion that covers inorganic fibre mat surface and/or is positioned at the outer layer zone of inorganic fibre mat outside.
As preferably, be made up of one or more in aluminosilicate fiberboard, centrifugally glass-wool plate, rock cotton board, textile fabric plate, waste paper pulpboard internal layer district and/or outer layer zone.
As preferably, the number of plies of inorganic fibre mat is 30-130 layer. More preferably 50-80 layer.
As preferably, the density of inorfil is 10-300kg/m3。
As preferably, density or the composition of the two-layer inorganic fibre mat of arbitrary neighborhood are not identical.
As preferably, along inside outward, the density of inorganic fibre mat increases. Prove by experiment, it is better that density increases brought effect of heat insulation successively, can reach the effect of heat insulation of optimizing, and can improve the effect of heat insulation of 10% left and right.
As preferably, along inside outward, the amplitude that the density of inorganic fibre mat increases is successively more and more less. Prove by experiment, the more and more less effect of heat insulation bringing of increasing degree is better successively for the density of inorganic fibre mat, can reach more excellent effect of heat insulation.
As preferably, the alternately placement of layer that the layer that wherein density is large and density are little. Prove by experiment, it is fine that this kind placed effect of heat insulation, can improve more than 7.3% effect of heat insulation. As preferably, the density of the layer that density is large is 100-300kg/m3, the density that density is little is 10-100kg/m3, select the density under this condition can reach more excellent insulation effect.
As preferably, superfine glass cotton fiber plate, bulk density is 10kg/m3--100kg/m3, thickness is 1mm-9mm.
Aluminosilicate fiberboard bulk density is 20kg/m3-200kg/m3, preferably 50-100m3, thickness is 1mm-9mm.
Centrifugally glass-wool plate bulk density is 20kg/m3-150kg/m3, preferably 50-100m3, thickness is 2mm-25mm.
Rock cotton board bulk density is 30kg/m3-200kg/m3, preferably 70-130m3, thickness is 3mm-35mm.
As preferably, described inorganic fibre mat is two or more being arranged alternately in microglass fiber plate, aluminosilicate fiberboard, centrifugally glass-wool plate, rock cotton board, secondary stock, textile fabric plate.
Be exemplified below:
With thickness 1mm aluminosilicate fiberboard (30kg/m3) and thickness 3mm aluminosilicate fiberboard (50kg/m3) be stacked alternately until 1.2cm obtains core material of vacuum heat insulation plate.
Or with thickness 1mm aluminosilicate fiberboard (100kg/m3) and thickness 2mm ceramic beaverboard (70kg/m3) be stacked alternately until 1.5cm obtains core material of vacuum heat insulation plate.
Or with thickness 1mm aluminosilicate fiberboard and 2mm ceramic beaverboard and 2mm centrifugally glass-wool plate is stacked alternately until 2cm obtains core material of vacuum heat insulation plate.
Or with 1mm aluminosilicate fiberboard and 3mm ceramic beaverboard, 2mm rock cotton board is stacked alternately until 3cm obtains core material of vacuum heat insulation plate.
Or with 1mm aluminosilicate fiberboard and 3mm ceramic beaverboard, 3mm centrifugally glass-wool plate, 3mm rock cotton board is stacked alternately until 3cm obtains core material of vacuum heat insulation plate.
As preferably, can adopt storage heater to replace the temperature difference electricity generation device 2 in accompanying drawing 1. Detailed description of the invention is as follows:
Described solar energy collector system, described system comprises heat collector 1, storage heater and radiator 3, valve 4, valve 5, valve 18, temperature sensor 6, described heat collector 1 is communicated with formation closed circuit with storage heater, heat collector 1 is communicated with formation closed circuit with radiator 3, the pipeline parallel connection at storage heater and radiator 3 places, heat collector 1 absorbs solar energy, water in heating heat collector 1, water after heating enters respectively storage heater and radiator 3 by outlet pipeline 8, in storage heater, carry out heat exchange, heat is stored in the heat-storing material of storage heater, in radiator 3, carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out in storage heater and in radiator 3 carries out heat exchange in entering heat collector 1 through water return pipeline 17.
In said system, in carrying out accumulation of heat to storage heater, can utilize radiator outwards to dispel the heat by solar energy. Certainly, storage heater and radiator can independent operatings, or isolated operation one of them.
As shown in Figure 1, valve 4 is arranged on outlet pipe, for controlling the total water yield that enters storage heater and radiator 3, valve 5 is arranged on the position of the inlet tube 16 of the pipeline at radiator 3 places, for controlling the flow of the water that enters radiator 3, valve 18 is arranged on the position of the inlet tube 29 of the pipeline at storage heater place, for controlling the flow of the water that enters storage heater, temperature sensor 6 is arranged on the position of the entrance of radiator 3, for measuring the temperature of the water that enters radiator 3. Described system also comprises central controller, and described central controller carries out data with valve 4, valve 5, valve 18, temperature sensor 6 and is connected.
Preferably, the temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is lower than certain temperature time, and central controller controls valve 5 strengthens aperture, and by-pass valve control 18 reduces aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that strengthens the hot water that enters radiator 3. The temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is higher than certain temperature time, and central controller controls valve 5 reduces aperture, and by-pass valve control 18 strengthens aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that reduces the hot water that enters radiator 3.
The temperature measured when temperature sensor 6 is low to a certain extent time, the ability meeting variation of the now external heat exchange of radiator, cannot meet normal heating demand, this thermal-arrest ability that shows solar thermal collector also goes wrong, for example sunshine is not now very strong, or evening is not when thering is no the sun, now valve 4 can be closed automatically, valve 5 and valve 18 can be opened completely, the pipeline at storage heater and radiator place forms a circulation line, water enters in storage heater and absorbs the heat of storing in storage heater, and the water of heating enters in radiator 3 and dispels the heat.
By above-mentioned operation, can be when sunray be strong, in the heat-sinking capability that meets radiator 3, after meeting user's radiating requirements, by more than heat store by storage heater, the in the situation that of solar thermal collector 1 heat capacity deficiency, the heat in storage heater is made full use of, to meet the radiating requirements of radiator 3. Can make full use of like this solar energy, avoid the waste of too much heat.
As preferably, can not utilize the temperature that enters the water in radiator 3 automatically to control the flow of water, can adopt the environment temperature of measuring radiator periphery, for example, the indoor temperature (by indoor temperature transmitter is set) of measuring radiator is controlled the flow of the water that enters radiator automatically, if indoor temperature is too low, increases the flow of the water that enters radiator 3, if indoor temperature is too high, reduce the flow of the water that enters radiator 3.
Certainly be that the temperature measured of temperature sensor 6 need to be higher than uniform temperature by a prerequisite of indoor temperature control flow, otherwise when the thermal-arrest ability variation of solar thermal collector, in any case increase flow, radiating effect can be not fine.
When the pipeline at storage heater and radiator place forms a circulation line, the temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is lower than certain temperature time, central controller controls valve 5 strengthens aperture, by-pass valve control 18 strengthens aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that strengthens the hot water that enters radiator 3. The temperature of measuring when temperature sensor 6 is higher than certain temperature time, and central controller controls valve 5 reduces aperture, and by-pass valve control 18 reduces aperture simultaneously, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that reduces the hot water that enters radiator 3. The aperture of valve 5 and 15 is now consistent.
By such control, can rationally utilize the heat of storage heater, avoid the loss of heat.
As shown in Figure 7, described storage heater comprises housing 22 to the structure of described storage heater, is provided with heat-storing material 28 in housing 22, and water pipe is arranged in heat-storing material 28, and described water pipe is coiled pipe structure in housing. In water pipe, water and heat-storing material carry out heat exchange, transfer heat to heat-storing material 28.
Preferably, the space that heat-storing material is filled housing is the 90-95% of housing volume, causes housing to damage to prevent expanded by heating.
Described heat-storing material is ceramic material, and the mass component of described ceramic material is as follows: SiO230-32%，5.1-5.3%Li2O、6.5-7.8%TiO2，3.3-3.5%MgO，1.0-1.3%La2O3, 2.45-2.55%BaO, remaining is Al2O3。
Preferably, SiO231%，5.22%Li2O、6.85%TiO2，3.4%MgO，1.1%La2O3, 2.5%BaO, remaining is Al2O3。
Above-mentioned heat-storing material is the result obtaining by test of many times, has very high heat storage capacity, has met the absorbing heat in solar energy system running completely.
As preferably, set temperature sensor 19 on the outlet pipeline 8 of heat collector, for measuring the temperature of water outlet of heat collector, storage heater set temperature sensor (not shown) is for measuring the temperature of heat-storing material simultaneously. In the inlet tube 7 of storage heater, valve 18 is set, when valve 4 is opened, when the leaving water temperature of measuring is lower than the temperature of heat-storing material time, valve 18 is closed. When the leaving water temperature of measuring is higher than the temperature of heat-storing material time, valve 18 is opened. Avoid like this storage heater by heat at the water passing in water pipe, caused the loss of the heat in storage heater, to ensure that storage heater can store abundant heat.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this. Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (4)
1. a solar energy system, comprise heat collector, heat collector comprises thermal-collecting tube, speculum and collecting plate, between two adjacent thermal-collecting tubes, connect by collecting plate, thereby make to form tube plate structure between multiple thermal-collecting tubes and adjacent collecting plate, described collecting plate is straight plate, and described tube plate structure is linear structure.
2. system as claimed in claim 1, comprise temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator, described heat collector is communicated with formation closed circuit with temperature difference electricity generation device, heat collector is communicated with formation closed circuit with radiator, the pipeline parallel connection at temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator place, heat collector absorbs solar energy, water in heating heat collector, water after heating enters respectively temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator by outlet pipeline, in temperature difference electricity generation device, generate electricity, in radiator, carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out in temperature difference electricity generation device and in radiator carries out heat exchange in entering heat collector through water return pipeline,
The first valve is arranged on outlet pipe, for controlling the total water yield that enters temperature difference electricity generation device and radiator, the second valve is arranged on the position of the inlet tube of the pipeline at radiator place, for controlling the flow of the water that enters radiator, the 3rd valve is arranged on the position of the inlet tube of the pipeline at temperature difference electricity generation device place, for controlling the flow of the water that enters temperature difference electricity generation device, temperature sensor is arranged on the position of the entrance of radiator, for measuring the temperature of the water that enters radiator; Described system also comprises central controller, and described central controller carries out data and is connected with the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve, temperature sensor;
When the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is lower than certain temperature time, central controller controls the second valve strengthens aperture, controls the 3rd valve simultaneously and reduces aperture, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that strengthens the hot water that enters radiator.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, when the temperature of temperature sensor measurement is higher than certain temperature time, central controller controls the second valve reduces aperture, controls the 3rd valve simultaneously and strengthens aperture, strengthens heat dissipation capacity with the flow that reduces the hot water that enters radiator.
4. according to the solar energy system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, between described two tube plate structures, shape is at a certain angle, and described angle direction is relative with the circular arc line structure of speculum, between the angle that the focus of speculum forms at tube plate structure; The focus of speculum is positioned on the mid point of two tube plate structure least significant end lines; The circular arc line radius of speculum is R, and the length of every tube plate structure is R1, and the radius of thermal-collecting tube is R2, and on same tube plate structure, the distance in the center of circle of Neighbor Set heat pipe is L, and the angle between two tube plate structures is a, meets following formula:
R1/R=c*sin(a/2)b，
0.18<R2/L<0.34，
Wherein c, b is coefficient, 0.39 < c < 0.41,0.020 <b < 0.035;
0.38<R1/R<0.41，80°<=A<=150°，450mm<R1<750mm,1100mm<R<1800mm,
90mm<L<150mm,20mm<=R2<50mm。
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| CN106016439A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽省恒胜机电工程股份有限公司 | Central hot water recycling system |
| CN106016783A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽省恒胜机电工程股份有限公司 | Central hot water intelligent utilization system |
| CN108143609A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-06-12 | 胡全君 | A kind of drug therapy evaporator of intelligent flow control |
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| US9557479B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2017-01-31 | The Boeing Company | Multilayer system having reconfigurable dynamic structure reinforcement using nanoparticle embedded supramolecular adhesive and method |
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Also Published As
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| CN105605803B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN104713250A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
| CN105605803A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| CN105605802B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN104713250B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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