CN105599715A - Impact energy absorption mechanism - Google Patents

Impact energy absorption mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105599715A
CN105599715A CN201610004031.3A CN201610004031A CN105599715A CN 105599715 A CN105599715 A CN 105599715A CN 201610004031 A CN201610004031 A CN 201610004031A CN 105599715 A CN105599715 A CN 105599715A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
impact
energy absorber
hit
relative
impact energy
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Application number
CN201610004031.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105599715B (en
Inventor
魏延鹏
杨喆
黄晨光
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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Priority to CN201610004031.3A priority Critical patent/CN105599715B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/076031 priority patent/WO2017117862A1/en
Publication of CN105599715A publication Critical patent/CN105599715A/en
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Publication of CN105599715B publication Critical patent/CN105599715B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
    • B60R19/30—Elastomeric material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/023—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R2019/026—Buffers, i.e. bumpers of limited extent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact energy absorption mechanism. The impact energy absorption mechanism comprises an impacted part and an opposite part opposite to the impacted part in position, wherein at least one martensite initial phase shape memory alloy beam is supported between the impacted part and the opposite part, and a displacement restrictor can be further arranged between the impacted part and the opposite part. With the technical scheme, the impact energy absorption mechanism not only prevents the appearance of the secondary impact problem in an impact energy absorption process, but also can completely recover deformation of the shape memory alloy beam through a temperature rise; therefore, reusability of the mechanism is achieved.

Description

A kind of energy absorber that impacts
Technical field
The present invention relates to impact energy-absorbing field, particularly one can reusable impact energy-absorbing machineStructure.
Background technology
For the vehicles such as automobile, bullet train, impingement phenomenon be always one of crucial importance andUnavoidable problem. In recent years, along with automobile and bullet train quantity increase sharply and travel speedImprove constantly, make collision problem more and more outstanding, the collision accident increasing sharply can cause the great personInjures and deaths and property loss, overriding concern when Impact Resisting Capability has become the structural design such as automobile, bullet trainProblem.
In prior art, have and utilize the characteristic of marmem to carry out research and the note of energy absorptionCarry. The common mode of utilizing is to utilize the super-elasticity behavior of marmem austenite initial phase. UtilizeStress induced austeno-martensite phase transformation, has very large strain space, can carry out considerableEnergy absorption. But this elastic endergonic easily causes the generation of secondary pulse, be often unfavorable for impacting situationThe protection of lower personnel, equipment.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of energy absorber that impacts, and this mechanism can prevent aforesaid twoThe generation of inferior impact phenomenon. Scheme is as follows:
A kind of energy absorber that impacts, comprise the portion of being hit, with relative relative portion in position of the portion of being hit;Described being hit is supported with at least one martensite initial phase Shape Memory Alloy Beam between portion and relative portion.
Preferably, described beam has initial curvature, thereby can occur bending and deformation in the time of pressurized.
Preferably, described beam is more than two, and preferably in the described portion and relatively equal between portion that is hitEven layout.
Preferably, described marmem is NiTi alloy.
The marmem of martensite initial phase has the distortion sky of one section of martensite reorientation in the time of stand under loadBetween, this distortion be characterized as plastic deformation, can utilize plastic work done that impact kinetic energy is dissipated completely, fromAnd avoid occurring the problem of secondary pulse. And the distortion of this part can be by being warmed up to horse by test specimenFamily name's body-austenite phase transition temperature can recover above. That is to say martensite initial phase shape memoryThe plastic deformation in the martensite reorientation stage of alloy is recoverable deformation, but the martensite reorientation stage itAfter enter the martensitic plastic deformation stage, the plastic deformation in this stage can not be by the simple measures such as intensificationRecovering, is the irrecoverable distortion on conventional meaning, the therefore complete restorability in order to be out of shape,In need the deflection of the Shape Memory Alloy Beam of martensite initial phase being controlled to a certain degree.
Based on this, another object of the present invention is to provide one can reusable impact energy absorber.
For realizing this purpose, aforementioned impact energy absorber can further comprise the portion that is hit described in being arranged onAnd stop between relative portion.
Can, according to different design requirements, reasonably select spacing displacement. , make the distortion of described beamDo not exceed martensite reorientation distortion.
Preferably, described stop is arranged in the portion of being hit or relative portion.
Preferably, in described stop, establish slideway, described slideway is inserted in a sliding part one end, other end peaceDescribed in being loaded on, be hit portion or relative portion, relative with described stop installation site.
Distortion for the ease of Shape Memory Alloy Beam recovers, and described impact energy absorber also can comprise heatingDevice, described heater preferably includes the fin being arranged on described stop.
By above-mentioned design, impact energy absorber of the present invention has not only been avoided going out of secondary pulse problemExisting, and can recover completely the distortion of Shape Memory Alloy Beam by heating up, realize mechanismReuse.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the original state schematic diagram of the impact energy absorber of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the complete energy-absorbing view of the impact energy absorber of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: the 1-plate that is hit, 2-base plate, 3-NiTi alloy beam, 4-stop, 5-slipPart, 6-fin.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in connection with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated. It should be noted that, notIn the situation of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can be combined mutually.
Impact energy absorber of the present invention comprise the portion of being hit, with the portion of being hit in position relative relativelyPortion; Described being hit is supported with at least one martensite initial phase marmem between portion and relative portionBeam.
Up to now find marmem system at least comprise following kind: AuCd, AgCd,CuZn、CuZnAl、CuZnSn、CuZnSi、CuSn、CuZnGa、InTi、AuCuZn、NiAl、FePt, NiTi, TiNiPd, TiNb, UNb and FeMnSi etc. The following examples are with NiTi alloyFor example.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate that the present invention impacts an embodiment of energy absorber. This embodiment carries to impactThe mode example that lotus applies from top to bottom. In this embodiment, be hit portion and relative portion are tabular,Be hit plate 1 and base plate 2, be hit and supporting one or more martensite between plate 1 and base plate 2The NiTi alloy beam 3 of initial phase. NiTi alloy beam 3 has certain initial curvature, thereby facilitates itIn the time of pressurized, occur bending and deformation. And, existing multiple in the situation that, NiTi alloy beam 3 is preferably allDescribed in even being arranged in, be hit between plate 1 and base plate 2, to ensure to impact on the whole stressed of energy absorberBalanced.
Utilize the impact energy absorber of said structure, can exist by the marmem of martensite initial phaseThe plastic deformation characteristic of martensite reorientation deformation stage, the impact kinetic energy that completely dissipates and suffer, therebyAvoid the appearance of secondary pulse problem. But become owing to entering martensite plasticity from the martensite reorientation stagePlastic deformation after the shape stage is the irrecoverable distortion on conventional meaning, therefore for completely can of being out of shapeRestorative, the impact energy absorber of the present embodiment is also provided with between plate 1 and base plate 2 described being hitStop 4. As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, stop 4 is arranged on base plate 2. In stop 4, be provided withSlideway (not shown), referring to Fig. 1, in slideway, inserting one is for example the sliding part 5 of column, slidingThe other end of moving part 5 is arranged on and is hit on plate 1.
According to the design principle of reusable and complete recoverable deformation, mechanism kinematic amount reaches stop4 o'clock, the distortion in martensite initial phase Shape Memory Alloy Beam can not exceed the change that its martensitic phase changes, can not there is martensitic plastic deformation composition in shape. Therefore, can be according to different design requirements, designDifferent Shape Memory Alloy Beam, according to the feature such as position, physical dimension of Shape Memory Alloy Beam, establishesPut rational spacing displacement, described spacing displacement refers to the effect because of stop, and portion and relative portion are hitBetween maximum relative displacement.
Although in the present embodiment, stop 4 is arranged on base plate 2, and sliding part 5 is arranged on and is hitOn plate 1, but installation site is also interchangeable, and stop 4 is arranged on and is hit on plate 1, by sliding part5 are arranged on base plate 2. And sliding part 5 is optional, stop 4 and/or sliding part 5 also canAdopt other any structure and shape that can play position-limiting action.
In order to recover deformation at impact energy absorber after impact completes, the present invention is also for impacting energy absorberHeater is provided, and this heater can be taked form external, built-in or that part is built-in. AsIn embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, what mark 6 identified is fin, and fin 6 is arranged on spacingOn device 4, for when impacting after energy absorber finishes using, the NiTi by suitable thermal source after to distortionAlloy beam 3 heats, and makes it recover deformation. Although adopted the form of fin 6 in the present embodiment,But the mode of heating of NiTi alloy beam 3 is not limited to this, replaceable is adding that in prior art, other is applicable toHot mode and heating arrangement.
Impact stressed energy-absorbing and the intensification of energy absorber below with reference to Fig. 1 and the exemplary description the present invention of Fig. 2Recovery process.
As shown in Figure 1, impact energy absorber and be in the original state not being hit. Shock loading is along diagramThe direction of arrow is from top to bottom to plate 1 application of force that is hit. In impact endergonic process, the plate 1 that is hit is downwardMotion, makes 3 flexural deformations of NiTi alloy beam, utilizes bending ductility distortion to carry out energy absorption, withIn time, moves downward along the slideway in stop 4 with the sliding part 5 that plate 1 is connected that is hit. As Fig. 2 instituteShow, in the time that deflection reaches the maximum of mechanism's carrying, complete with the sliding part 5 that the plate 1 that is hit is connectedBe deep in stop 4, the plate 1 that is now hit contacts with stop 4, and whole mechanism can not continue to becomeShape, NiTi alloy beam 3 has reached the maximum deformation quantity of design at this moment, impacts energy absorber in this momentComplete its task, absorbed the energy in its design space. In the whole deformation process of impacting energy absorberIn, the bending ductility distortion that NiTi alloy beam 3 experiences is all recoverable, after having impacted, passes throughFin 6 heats the NiTi beam after being out of shape, and will impact energy absorber entirety or NiTi alloyMore than beam 3 is warming up to martensite-austenite phase transition temperature of NiTi material, can recover distortion completely,Mechanism returns to the state of Fig. 1.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for thisThose skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. All in spirit of the present invention and former, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included in protection model of the present inventionWithin enclosing.

Claims (10)

1. impact an energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Comprise the portion of being hit, with relative relative portion in position of the portion of being hit;
The described portion and be relatively supported with at least one martensite initial phase shape memory between portion and close of being hitJin Liang.
2. impact as claimed in claim 1 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described being hit is also provided with stop between portion and relative portion.
3. impact as claimed in claim 2 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described stop is arranged in the portion of being hit or relative portion.
4. impact as claimed in claim 3 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
In described stop, establish slideway, described slideway is inserted in a sliding part one end, described in the other end is installed onBe hit portion or relative portion, relative with described stop installation site.
5. as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-4, impact energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described beam has initial curvature.
6. impact as claimed in claim 1 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described beam is more than two.
7. impact as claimed in claim 6 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described beam is evenly arranged between portion and relative portion described being hit.
8. impact as claimed in claim 1 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described impact energy absorber also comprises heater.
9. impact as claimed in claim 8 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described heater comprises the fin being arranged on described stop.
10. impact as claimed in claim 1 energy absorber, it is characterized in that:
Described marmem is NiTi alloy.
CN201610004031.3A 2016-01-04 2016-01-04 A kind of impact energy absorber Active CN105599715B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610004031.3A CN105599715B (en) 2016-01-04 2016-01-04 A kind of impact energy absorber
PCT/CN2016/076031 WO2017117862A1 (en) 2016-01-04 2016-03-10 Impact energy absorption mechanism

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN105599715B CN105599715B (en) 2018-12-14

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017117862A1 (en) * 2016-01-04 2017-07-13 中国科学院力学研究所 Impact energy absorption mechanism
CN109278686A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-29 吉林大学 A kind of lightweight protecting memorial alloy truss assembly
CN109441006A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-08 浙江大学 The controllable Meta Materials beam of band gap based on marmem
CN109606296A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-12 吉林大学 Assembly is protected under a kind of skeleton commercial vehicle of memorial alloy
CN109849827A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-06-07 吉林大学 A kind of bionical skeleton-type memorial alloy collision bumper
CN113104057A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-13 江苏车瑞智能装备有限公司 High-safety long-life rail vehicle accessory
CN116379088A (en) * 2023-03-27 2023-07-04 江苏科技大学 Two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and manufacturing method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113847375A (en) * 2021-09-24 2021-12-28 山东科技大学 Multistage energy-absorbing buffer device
CN116505137B (en) * 2023-06-28 2023-09-01 吉林大学 Bionic impact-resistant light-weight new energy automobile battery pack

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JP3563002B2 (en) * 1999-09-21 2004-09-08 川崎重工業株式会社 Energy absorbing structure for railway vehicles
CN101590835A (en) * 2009-06-30 2009-12-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Federal bumper based on shape-memory material
CN103867628A (en) * 2014-03-29 2014-06-18 中国科学技术大学 Hydraulic buffering device using shape memory alloy
CN104313998A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-01-28 南京工业大学 Transverse damping device applicable to large-span bridge
CN104999980A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-10-28 吉林大学 Sleeve type shape memory alloy car crash energy absorption box

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US7029044B2 (en) * 2003-11-18 2006-04-18 General Motors Corporation Tunable, healable vehicle impact devices
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CN105599715B (en) * 2016-01-04 2018-12-14 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of impact energy absorber

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3563002B2 (en) * 1999-09-21 2004-09-08 川崎重工業株式会社 Energy absorbing structure for railway vehicles
CN101590835A (en) * 2009-06-30 2009-12-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Federal bumper based on shape-memory material
CN103867628A (en) * 2014-03-29 2014-06-18 中国科学技术大学 Hydraulic buffering device using shape memory alloy
CN104313998A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-01-28 南京工业大学 Transverse damping device applicable to large-span bridge
CN104999980A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-10-28 吉林大学 Sleeve type shape memory alloy car crash energy absorption box

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017117862A1 (en) * 2016-01-04 2017-07-13 中国科学院力学研究所 Impact energy absorption mechanism
CN109278686A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-29 吉林大学 A kind of lightweight protecting memorial alloy truss assembly
CN109441006A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-08 浙江大学 The controllable Meta Materials beam of band gap based on marmem
CN109441006B (en) * 2018-11-30 2023-09-01 浙江大学 Band gap controllable metamaterial beam based on shape memory alloy
CN109606296A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-12 吉林大学 Assembly is protected under a kind of skeleton commercial vehicle of memorial alloy
CN109606296B (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-09-14 吉林大学 Memory alloy framework type commercial vehicle lower protection assembly
CN109849827A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-06-07 吉林大学 A kind of bionical skeleton-type memorial alloy collision bumper
CN113104057A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-13 江苏车瑞智能装备有限公司 High-safety long-life rail vehicle accessory
CN113104057B (en) * 2021-04-23 2022-09-20 苏州车瑞精密机械制造有限公司 High-safety long-life rail vehicle accessory
CN116379088A (en) * 2023-03-27 2023-07-04 江苏科技大学 Two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and manufacturing method thereof
CN116379088B (en) * 2023-03-27 2023-10-27 江苏科技大学 Two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and manufacturing method thereof

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Publication number Publication date
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WO2017117862A1 (en) 2017-07-13

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