CN116379088A - Two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116379088A CN116379088A CN202310302264.1A CN202310302264A CN116379088A CN 116379088 A CN116379088 A CN 116379088A CN 202310302264 A CN202310302264 A CN 202310302264A CN 116379088 A CN116379088 A CN 116379088A
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/123—Deformation involving a bending action, e.g. strap moving through multiple rollers, folding of members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0233—Materials; Material properties solids deforming plastically in operation
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure comprises a vertically arranged drum-shaped pipe, a horn inner pipe coaxially arranged in the drum-shaped pipe and two ends of the horn inner pipe exceed the drum-shaped pipe, an upper outer sealing cover for sealing the upper end of the drum-shaped pipe, a lower outer sealing cover for sealing the lower end of the drum-shaped pipe, an upper inner sealing cover which is parallel and level with the upper outer sealing cover and is used for sealing the upper end of the horn inner pipe, and a lower inner sealing cover which is parallel and level with the lower outer sealing cover and is used for sealing the lower end of the horn inner pipe. The invention adopts the combination of the drum pipe and the trumpet inner pipe, and the trumpet inner pipe is higher than the drum pipe up and down; when the thin-wall pipe structure is subjected to axial impact, the thin-wall pipe structure is firstly contacted with the protruding part at the upper end of the horn inner pipe, the horn inner pipe is subjected to structural deformation, and the structural deformation can be effectively induced due to the horn shape in the primary energy absorption stage, so that the initial peak force in the impact is effectively reduced; the structure of the drum-shaped pipe in the secondary energy absorption stage enables the drum-shaped pipe to be easy to deform according to a preset path form when receiving axial load, and energy absorption efficiency is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buffering and energy-absorbing of large structures such as buildings, ocean platforms and the like and vehicles such as ships, spaceflight, automobiles, high-speed rails and the like in the impact collision process, in particular to a two-stage buffering and energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, the speed of a daily traffic tool is greatly improved, various threats of strong impact loads such as impact collision and the like occur at present, and the main threat suffered by a ship is the impact load in two-ship collision or stranding accidents; marine structures such as ocean platforms and offshore large-scale oil storage facilities, and bridge piers are easily subjected to ship collision and impact; because offshore natural conditions are severe, marine structures are usually far away from shore, and logistics and energy guarantees cannot be timely delivered, it is important to improve the impact resistance of the structures. In addition, when two automobiles collide in the high-speed running process, the severe impact seriously threatens the life and property safety of personnel, and the damage and economic loss of human bodies caused by impact can be reduced by improving the energy absorption and anti-collision performance of automobile bumpers and automobile body structures.
The metal thin-wall energy absorbing structure is a common protective structure, and is mostly manufactured by a traditional metal thin-wall round tube and a derivative structure thereof. The energy-absorbing system is widely applied to collision energy-absorbing systems of vehicles such as automobiles, high-speed rails, airplanes, ships and the like due to the advantages of light weight, low production cost, easy processing, good energy-absorbing property and the like. The energy absorption structure mainly achieves the effect of dissipating kinetic energy generated by impact through plastic deformation of metal of the energy absorption structure; with the application of impact load, the deformation generated in the impact direction is far more than that of the traditional bearing structure, and the deformation is reliable and stable.
In the prior art (CN 114962511A), a double-tube thin-wall energy-absorbing structure for shearing thickening fluid is provided, wherein when the corrugated pipe is impacted, bending moment and stress at the corrugated part are larger, so that the corrugated pipe is easy to guide the structure to deform when the corrugated pipe is impacted; the rigidity of the area of the pane tube along the periphery of the window is smaller due to the window opening, and the pane tube can also guide the structure to deform at the window; however, in the energy absorption stage, the platform is shorter and not very stable; the initial peak force is reduced to some extent, but still greater, the force is transmissible, the protected structure is at risk of deformation damage first, and the total energy absorption is still to be improved.
Therefore, there is a need to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the first object of the invention is to provide a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure which improves energy-absorbing characteristics and effectively reduces initial peak force.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method of the two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention discloses a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure, which comprises a vertically arranged drum-shaped tube, a horn inner tube coaxially arranged in the drum-shaped tube and two ends of the horn inner tube exceed the drum-shaped tube, an upper outer sealing cover for sealing the upper end of the drum-shaped tube, a lower outer sealing cover for sealing the lower end of the drum-shaped tube, an upper inner sealing cover which is flush with the upper outer sealing cover and is used for sealing the upper end of the horn inner tube, and a lower inner sealing cover which is flush with the lower outer sealing cover and is used for sealing the lower end of the horn inner tube.
Wherein the drum radian of the drum-shaped pipe is parabolic
Is a function of (a); a is the amplitude of the parabola, and determines the opening size of the parabola, namely the maximum opening radius R of the drum-shaped pipe 01 ，R 0 For minimum opening radius of the drum-shaped tube, L 0 Is the height of the drum-shaped tube, wherein +.>
Preferably, the outer diameter of the upper outer cover and the lower outer cover is R 3 Inner holes of the upper outer cover and the lower outer cover and grid strips y E [60,62 ]]Arc matching at the positions; wherein the outer diameter R of the upper outer cover and the lower outer cover 3 Equal to or greater than the minimum opening radius R of the drum 0 。
Furthermore, the horn inner tube is a grid type horn inner tube surrounded by a plurality of grid bars which are arranged at intervals.
Further, an elastic member is connected between the outer wall of each grating strip and the inner wall of the drum.
Preferably, the horn radian of the inner tube of the grille horn has a parabolic curve
Is a function of (a); b is the amplitude of the parabola, and the opening size of the parabola, namely the minimum opening radius R of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, is determined 11 ，R 1 Is the maximum opening radius of the inner tube of the grille type horn, L 1 Is the height of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, wherein +.>
Furthermore, the outer diameters of the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover are R 2 The outer diameter of the upper and lower inner covers and the grid strips y E [60,62 ]]Arc matching at the positions; the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover are provided with notches, the width W=θ of the notches is equal to the number K of the grids, the gap between two adjacent notches is 360/K- θ, wherein θ is the corresponding intercepting angle of a single grid strip on the inner pipe of the grid type loudspeaker, the number K of the grids is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10, and K is an integer.
Preferably, the horn inner tube is an integrated horn inner tube, and a plurality of rectangular windows distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction are formed on the surface of the integrated horn inner tube; the rectangular windows are circumferentially spaced at 360/K degrees to form N rows of windows, M windows are formed in each row, the area of each window is S, and the maximum length of each window in the axial direction is a.
And the cavities of the drum-shaped pipe and the horn inner pipe are filled with energy absorbing materials.
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure, which comprises the following steps: firstly, marking the distance position of the part higher than the drum pipe on the grating strip by using a marker pen; then adopting a cementing or welding mode, and referring to the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover to fix the grid strips on the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover; then fixing the lower outer sealing cover at the lower position of the calibrated grid bars in a gluing or welding mode; fixing the drum pipe on the lower outer sealing cover in the same way; then filling water into the cavity, standing for 24 hours, and checking the tightness of the structure; pouring all water from the cavity, and airing the structure; and finally, installing an outer sealing cover according to the calibrated position.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) The invention adopts the combination mode of the drum pipe and the grid type horn inner pipe, and the grid type horn inner pipe is higher than the drum pipe up and down; when the thin-wall pipe structure is subjected to axial impact, the upper protruding part of the inner pipe of the grille type loudspeaker is contacted at first, the whole inner pipe of the grille type loudspeaker is subjected to structural deformation, and the rigidity, stress and bending moment in the middle of the shape of the grille type loudspeaker are larger than those of the upper part and the lower part, so that the structural deformation can be effectively induced, the inner pipe of the grille type loudspeaker is elastically unstable, the phenomenon similar to a noodle is generated, and the initial peak force in the impact is effectively reduced, and the stage is called as a first-stage energy absorption stage; the bending moment and stress between the upper end and the lower end of the drum-shaped pipe are larger than those of other positions, so that the drum-shaped pipe is easy to guide the structure to deform according to a preset path form when being subjected to axial load, and the drum-shaped pipe is in a second energy absorption stage when impacted and collided with the drum-shaped pipe, and the energy absorption efficiency is improved by utilizing the second energy absorption;
(2) The invention has lower initial peak force in the stage of primary energy absorption; in the stage of secondary energy absorption, the invention fully exerts the energy absorption performance of the structure; in practical application, when the structure is subjected to high-strength impact collision, the initial peak force in the stage of primary energy absorption is at a lower level, and the structure or personnel to be protected is subjected to a first small load due to force transmissibility; the impact collision load in the 'secondary energy absorption' stage is transmitted in the structure and is fully dissipated by the plastic deformation of the structure, so that the protected structure or personnel is subjected to a second small load; thereby protecting the life safety of the protected structure or personnel.
(3) According to the invention, as the shape of the drum pipe is outwards bent, the inner pipe of the grille type horn is inwards bent, and the two-layer thin-wall structure is axially crushed when being impacted, the phenomenon of lateral bending instability is not easy to occur, so that the full plastic deformation of the structure is promoted, and the total energy absorption and the specific energy absorption are improved; the elastic element is arranged in the middle of the cavity, so that the energy absorption characteristic can be further enhanced, and in the stage of primary energy absorption, when the grille type horn inner tube is subjected to impact force, the grille type horn inner tube is subjected to plastic deformation, and the grille type horn inner tube is connected with the elastic element, so that the elastic element is stretched inwards, and the drum-shaped tube is deformed inwards along with the elastic element, so that the total energy of the stage of primary energy absorption is greatly improved; similarly, in the stage of secondary energy absorption, due to the constraint of the elastic element, when the drum pipe is plastically deformed outwards, the inner pipe of the grille type loudspeaker is also pulled and deformed by the elastic body structure, so that the energy absorption characteristic of the structure is further enhanced;
(4) Compared with the traditional thin-wall circular tube structure, the structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the deformation is stable, the capability of bearing axial impact load is stronger, larger energy absorption and specific energy absorption can be provided, and the initial peak force can be effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring that the total energy absorption is not reduced compared with the corrugated/window double-tube structure;
(5) When the integral horn inner tube is impacted axially, the structure is relatively complete and free of defects, the direction of structural deformation is preset due to the arc shape of the inner tube, the integral horn inner tube is more stable when the deformation is interrupted, and the initial peak force can be effectively improved by the integral horn inner tube structure under the condition of ensuring that the total energy absorption is unchanged; the window arrangement of the integrated horn window tube introduces geometric defects, and the structural deformation instability is induced by the geometric defects so as to eliminate relatively high initial peak force, and the total energy absorption of the integrated horn window tube structure is not reduced yet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, in which the number of grids k=6 is taken as an example;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drum-shaped tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the grid strip according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower outer covers of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower inner covers of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner tube of the grille type horn with different grille numbers in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of an inner tube of an integrated horn according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an integrated horn with an opening window;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram II of an integrated horn with an opening window;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a spring according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure with a spring added in the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the force applied to a spring in a two-stage buffering energy absorbing thin-wall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a force versus displacement curve comparison of a two-stage energy absorbing structure with different grating numbers and a corrugated/windowed structure in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure, which comprises a drum-shaped tube 1, a horn inner tube, an upper inner sealing cover 3, a lower inner sealing cover 4, an upper outer sealing cover 5, a lower outer sealing cover 6, grid strips 7 and elastic elements; the horn inner tube can be a grid type horn inner tube 2 surrounded by a plurality of grid bars 7 arranged at intervals, or the horn inner tube is an integrated horn inner tube. The materials of the drum-shaped pipe 1, the horn inner pipe, the upper inner sealing cover 3, the lower inner sealing cover 4, the upper outer sealing cover 5 and the lower outer sealing cover 6 are all metal or novel high polymer materials with good plasticity and toughness, such as stainless steel or Q235.
As shown in fig. 2, the drum radian of the drum-shaped pipe 1 is parabolic
Is a function of (a); a is the amplitude of the parabola, and determines the opening size of the parabola, namely the maximum opening radius R of the drum-shaped pipe 01 ，R 0 For minimum opening radius of the drum-shaped tube, L 0 Is the height of the drum-shaped tube, wherein +.>
As shown in fig. 4, the outer diameters of the upper and lower outer covers 5 and 6 are R 3 Inner holes of the upper outer cover 5 and the lower outer cover 6 and the grid strips y E [60,62 ]]Arc matching at the positions; wherein the outer diameter R of the upper outer cover 5 and the lower outer cover 6 3 Equal to or greater than the minimum opening radius R of the drum 0 。
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the horn radian of the grill type horn inner tube 2 has a parabolic curve
Is a function of (a); b is the amplitude of the parabola, and the opening size of the parabola, namely the minimum opening radius R of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, is determined 11 ，R 1 Is the maximum opening radius of the inner tube of the grille type horn, L 1 Is the height of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, wherein
As shown in fig. 5, the outer diameters of the upper inner cover 3 and the lower inner cover 4 are R 2 The outer diameter of the upper inner cover 3 and the lower inner cover 4 and the grid strips y e 60,62]Arc matching at the positions; the upper inner sealing cover 3 and the lower inner sealing cover 4 are provided with notches, the width W=θ of the notches is equal to the number K of the grids, the gap between every two adjacent notches is 360/K- θ, wherein θ is the corresponding interception angle of a single grid strip on the inner pipe of the grid type loudspeaker, the number K of the grids is less than or equal to 10, and the number K of the grids is an integer. The wall thickness of the drum-shaped pipe is t 0 The wall thickness of the horn inner tube is t 1 ，t 0 ＝t 1 =0.5 to 4mm; elastic elements, which are springs, are connected between the outer wall of each grating strip 7 and the inner wall of the drum 1, as shown in fig. 11.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the surface of the inner tube of the integral horn is provided with a plurality of rectangular windows which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction; the rectangular windows are circumferentially spaced at 360/K degrees to form N rows of windows, M windows are formed in each row, the area of each window is S, and the maximum length of each window in the axial direction is a. The outer side of the integral horn inner tube is sleeved with a sealing ring for sealing the window, and the cavities of the drum-shaped tube and the integral horn inner tube are filled with energy absorbing materials, and the integral horn inner tube has parabolic function characteristics.
As shown in FIG. 7, the manufacturing method of the two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure comprises the following steps:
firstly, marking the distance position of the part higher than the drum-shaped pipe 1 on the grating strip 7 by using a marker pen; then, fixing the grid bars 7 on the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover 3 and the lower inner sealing cover 4 by adopting a gluing or welding mode with reference to the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover 3 and the lower inner sealing cover 4; then fixing the lower outer sealing cover 6 at the lower position of the calibrated grid bars 7 by adopting a cementing or welding mode; the drum 1 is then fixed to the lower outer cover 6 in the same way; then filling water into the cavity, standing for 24 hours, checking the tightness of the structure, promoting the energy transfer of the structure in the stress process and prolonging the service life of the structure; pouring all water from the cavity, and airing the structure; finally, the outer sealing cover 5 is installed according to the calibrated position.
In terms of processing technology, the production and manufacturing technology of the drum-shaped pipe, the grille-type horn inner pipe, the upper and lower inner and outer sealing plates used in the invention is as follows:
(1) Processing a drum-shaped pipe: the drum pipe used in the invention is formed by processing a thin-wall circular pipe in a mode of hydraulic expansion in a mould, and the mould can be repeatedly used.
(2) Processing grid strips: the grating strips used in the invention are formed by thin-wall round tubes in a die in a hydraulic mode, and then a laser line cutting method is adopted to manufacture single grating strips according to the width, the angle and other dimensions of the grating strips; the die can be repeatedly used, the laser cutting process is simple, and the cost is low.
(3) Processing the upper and lower inner and outer covers: the upper and lower inner and outer sealing covers used in the invention are formed by processing the plate by adopting a laser cutting method according to the shape and the size of the practical use, and the whole processing is easy to realize.
The main buffering and energy-absorbing parts of the two-stage buffering and energy-absorbing thin-wall pipe structure are a drum pipe 1 and a grid type horn inner pipe. When the structure is impacted by axial impact, the upward protruding part of the inner tube of the grille type horn is impacted by the impact first, and then the whole inner tube structure is bent and deformed first; the rigidity, stress and bending moment in the middle of the horn shape are larger than those of the upper part and the lower part, so that structural deformation can be effectively induced, the inner tube of the grille type horn is enabled to have a noodle phenomenon, axial impact force is effectively absorbed, the purpose of reducing impact load is achieved, and the process is a primary energy absorption stage; the horn shape can effectively induce structural deformation in the primary energy absorption stage, and the special structure of the horn inner tube leads to instability in structural deformation, so that the initial peak force in the impact process is effectively reduced. As the impact collision proceeds further, the drum 1 and the grill type horn inner tube undergo a large amount of plastic deformation; the arc of the drum-shaped pipe is outwards, and the arc of the inner pipe of the grid-type horn is inwards, so that the induced structure is subjected to plastic deformation according to a preset path, and the deformation degree of the structure can be improved due to two different deformation directions, and finally energy absorption and buffering are realized; the process is a "secondary energy absorption stage".
The grid type horn inner tube can be equivalently regarded as a cantilever beam, the lower protruding part of the grid type horn inner tube is fixed on the bottom plate, and the upper protruding part is subjected to compression impact; because the grille type horn inner tube is subjected to the action of axial pressure and torque, when the load reaches a critical value, the grille type horn inner tube is laterally bent or locally wrinkled, and the process belongs to the stability problem of the compression bar.
Example 1
The secondary buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure in the embodiment 1 comprises a drum-shaped tube 1, a grid-type horn inner tube, an upper inner sealing cover 3, a lower inner sealing cover 4, upper outer sealing covers 5 and 6; and the grille type horn inner tube 2 is composed of a combination of single grille bars 7. Wherein the materials of the drum-shaped pipe 1, the grille-type horn inner pipe 2, the upper and lower inner sealing covers 3 and 4, the upper outer sealing cover 5 and the lower outer sealing cover 6 are all 304 stainless steel.
Wherein the minimum opening radius R of the drum 1 0 Maximum opening radius R of the drum 1 =28 mm 01 Height L of drum 1 =50 mm 0 Wall thickness t of the drum 1 =120 mm 0 =2mm, corresponding drum parabolic amplitude a=0.0061; maximum opening radius R of the grill type horn inner tube 2 1 Minimum opening radius R of grille horn inner tube 2 =20.7mm 11 Height L of grille horn inner tube 2 =18 mm 1 The angle θ=30deg.C of the grating strip 7 on the inner tube 2 of the grating horn is=160mm, the grating number 4 is not less than K is not less than 10, K is an integer, and the wall thickness t of the inner tube 2 of the grating horn is equal to or greater than 10 1 =2mm, corresponding drum parabolic amplitude b=0.00042; the outer diameter of the upper inner sealing cover 3 and the lower inner sealing cover 4 is R 2 =15.6 mm, upper inner cover 3 andthe outer diameter of the lower inner closure 4 should be equal to the grating y E60, 62]The arc shapes of the two adjacent grooves are matched, notches are formed in the upper inner sealing cover 3 and the lower inner sealing cover 4, the width W=θ=30°, the number of the notches is equal to the number K of the grids, the gap between the two adjacent notches is 360/K- θ, and the thickness is 2mm; the outer diameter of the upper outer sealing cover 5 and the lower outer sealing cover 6 is R 3 The inner holes of the upper and lower outer covers 5, 6 should be equal to the grid bars y e [60,62 ]]The arc of the two parts is matched, and the thickness is 2mm. The materials are 304 stainless steel.
In example 1, 4 kinds of grille numbers were used for the grille type horn inner tube 2: k=4, k=6, k=8, k=10, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 6. Compared with the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorbing structure and the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorbing structure filled with shear thickening fluid, the radius of the corrugated pipe is 45mm, the length of the corrugated pipe is 120mm, the wall thickness of the corrugated pipe is 2mm, the corrugated amplitude of the corrugated pipe is 2mm, and the wavelength of the corrugated pipe is 20mm. The radius of the window tube is 20mm, the length of the window tube is 120mm, the number of the windows of the window tube is 2, the number of the windows of each row is 3, and the area of each window is 180mm 2 . The radius of the rubber hose used for sealing the window on the window tube is 19mm; the upper and lower cover radii of the corrugated/windowed structure were 45mm. Wherein the materials are 304 stainless steel except rubber hose. The disperse phase of the shearing thickening fluid filled in the inner tube of the window is nano silicon dioxide particles, and the dispersing medium is polyethylene glycol solution with the molecular weight of 200, and the mass fraction is 25%.
The mass of the collision is 200kg, and the collision speed is 15m/s. When the corrugated/window thin-wall energy-absorbing structure and four groups of two-stage energy-absorbing thin-wall structures with different grating numbers are axially collapsed, the energy absorption, specific energy absorption, initial collision peak load and specific total efficiency of the structure are shown in table 1, and the impact force-displacement curve is shown in fig. 14.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the arrangement sequence of the five structural ratio energy absorption is: the grid number K=8 > the grid number K=10 > the grid number K=4 > the grid number K=6 > the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorbing structure filled with shear thickening fluid; the ranking of the specific total efficiency is: the grid number K=4 > the grid number K=6 > the grid number K=8 > the grid number K=10 > the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorbing structure filled with shear thickening fluid; initial collision peak load sequencing: the grating number k=4 < the grating number k=6 < the grating number k=8 < the grating number k=10 < the corrugated/windowed thin-walled energy absorbing structure filled with shear thickening fluid < the corrugated/windowed thin-walled energy absorbing structure; in summary, under the same collision condition, the specific energy absorption and the specific total efficiency of the two-stage energy absorption structures with four different grating numbers in the embodiment 1 are higher than those of the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorption structure and the corrugated/window thin-wall energy absorption structure filled with shear thickening fluid, so that the energy absorption characteristic of the structure has obvious advantages compared with the corrugated/window thin-wall structure; and the initial collision peak load of the four structures in the embodiment 1 is greatly reduced compared with that of the corrugated/window thin-wall structure, and the structure to be protected can be effectively protected.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 8, embodiment 2 is structurally different from embodiment 1 in that: the horn inner tube is an integrated horn inner tube.
The energy absorption difference of this embodiment 2 compared to embodiment 1 is: the total energy absorption and the specific energy absorption are obviously improved, and the initial peak force is also improved relative to the grid structure in the embodiment 1, but the initial peak force is far lower than that of the corrugated/window double-tube structure; the structure of example 2 can be used in processes where high energy needs to be sustained during impact. The energy absorption parameters of the structure are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 3
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the present embodiment 3 is structurally different from embodiment 2 in that a rectangular window is provided on the inner tube of the integral horn. The difference between the grille type horn inner tube of this embodiment 3 and that of embodiment 1 is: the horn inner tube introduces geometric defects, thereby eliminating relatively high initial peak forces, so that no excessive impact force is transmitted to a person or a structure to be protected, but the advantage of energy absorption characteristics is more obvious compared with the corrugated/window tube. The energy absorption parameters of the structure are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Example 4
As shown in fig. 12, embodiment 4 differs from embodiment 1 in that: the elastic element is arranged in the middle of the cavity, and the invention adopts a spring, so that the total energy absorption and the specific energy absorption are further improved on the basis of original energy absorption through the elastic element; as shown in fig. 13, unlike embodiment 1, there is: in the stage of primary energy absorption, when the grille type horn inner tube is subjected to impact force, the grille type horn inner tube is subjected to plastic deformation, and the grille type horn inner tube is connected with the elastic element, so that the elastic element is stretched inwards, and the drum-shaped tube is deformed inwards along with the elastic element, so that the total energy of the primary energy absorption stage is greatly improved; similarly, in the stage of secondary energy absorption, due to the constraint of the elastic element, when the drum pipe is plastically deformed outwards, the inner pipe of the grille type loudspeaker is also pulled and deformed by the elastic body structure, so that the energy absorption characteristic of the structure is enhanced.
Example 5
By adopting the structure of the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 3, the cavity of the drum-shaped pipe is filled with the energy absorbing material, the energy absorbing material can flow into the inner cavity of the horn inner pipe, and the energy absorbing material can be shear thickening fluid, shear thickening gel, rubber and the like. In order to further strengthen the energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the structure, the materials of the drum-shaped pipe 1, the horn inner pipe 2, the upper inner sealing cover 3, the lower inner sealing cover 4, the upper outer sealing cover 5 and the lower outer sealing cover 6 are changed into novel high polymer materials.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all such equivalent changes belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-wall tube structure is characterized in that: the novel sealing device comprises a vertically arranged drum-shaped pipe (1), a horn inner pipe coaxially arranged in the drum-shaped pipe, upper outer sealing covers (5) which are arranged at two ends beyond the drum-shaped pipe, lower outer sealing covers (6) which are used for sealing the lower end of the drum-shaped pipe, an upper inner sealing cover (3) which is flush with the upper outer sealing covers and is used for sealing the upper end of the horn inner pipe, and a lower inner sealing cover (4) which is flush with the lower outer sealing covers and is used for sealing the lower end of the horn inner pipe.
2. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 1, wherein: the drum radian of the drum-shaped pipe is parabolic
Is a function of (a); a is the amplitude of the parabola, and determines the opening size of the parabola, namely the maximum opening radius R of the drum-shaped pipe 01 ，R 0 For minimum opening radius of the drum-shaped tube, L 0 Is the height of the drum pipe, wherein
3. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 2, wherein: the outer diameter of the upper outer sealing cover (5) and the lower outer sealing cover (6) is R 3 Inner holes of the upper outer sealing cover (5) and the lower outer sealing cover (6) and the grid strips y E [60,62 ]]Arc matching at the positions; wherein the outer diameter R of the upper outer cover (5) and the lower outer cover (6) 3 Equal to or greater than the minimum opening radius R of the drum 0 。
4. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 1, wherein: the horn inner tube is a grid type horn inner tube (2) surrounded by a plurality of grid strips (7) which are arranged at intervals.
5. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 4, wherein: elastic elements are connected between the outer wall of each grating strip (7) and the inner wall of the drum (1).
6. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 4, wherein: the horn radian of the grid type horn inner tube is parabolic
Is a function of (a); b is the amplitude of the parabola, and the opening size of the parabola, namely the minimum opening radius R of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, is determined 11 ，R 1 Is the maximum opening radius of the inner tube of the grille type horn, L 1 Is the height of the inner tube of the grille type loudspeaker, wherein +.>
7. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 6, wherein: the outer diameters of the upper inner sealing cover (3) and the lower inner sealing cover (4) are R 2 The outer diameter of the upper inner sealing cover (3) and the lower inner sealing cover (4) and the grating strips y E [60,62 ]]Arc matching at the positions; the upper inner sealing cover (3) and the lower inner sealing cover (4) are provided with notches, the widths W=theta of the notches are equal to the number K of grids, the gap between two adjacent notches is 360/K-theta, wherein theta is the corresponding interception angle of a single grid strip on the inner tube of the grid type loudspeaker, the number K of the grids is less than or equal to 10, and the number K of the grids is an integer.
8. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 1, wherein: the horn inner tube is an integrated horn inner tube, and a plurality of rectangular windows distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction are formed in the surface of the integrated horn inner tube; the rectangular windows are circumferentially spaced at 360/K degrees to form N rows of windows, M windows are formed in each row, the area of each window is S, and the maximum length of each window in the axial direction is a.
9. The two-stage buffering energy-absorbing thin-walled tube structure of claim 1, wherein: and filling energy absorbing materials in the cavities of the drum-shaped pipe and the horn inner pipe.
10. A method of making a two-stage cushioning energy absorbing thin-walled tube structure according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: firstly, marking the distance position of the part higher than the drum pipe on the grating strip by using a marker pen; then adopting a casting glue or welding mode, and referring to the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover to fix the grid strips on the notch positions of the upper inner sealing cover and the lower inner sealing cover; then fixing the lower outer sealing cover at the lower position of the calibrated grid bars in a gluing or welding mode; fixing the drum pipe on the lower outer sealing cover in the same way; then filling water into the cavity, standing for 24 hours, and checking the tightness of the structure; pouring all water from the cavity, and airing the structure; and finally, installing an outer sealing cover according to the calibrated position.
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| JP2000052898A (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-02-22 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Bumper structure |
| JP2013217413A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-24 | Kyoraku Co Ltd | Impact absorber |
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