CN105591151A - 一种倍率型三元电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明设计了一种倍率型三元电池,电池在5-20C的放电倍率下表现出较好的放电能力和循环性能。电池的主要设计方案为:正极采用111或532型三元材料,负极采用中间相碳微球和人造石墨的混合型材料,以提高材料的导电能力和吸液能力;隔膜选用大孔隙率的PE陶瓷或PP陶瓷复合膜,以提高锂离子的脱嵌速率;电解液采用改善型倍率型电解液。同时,在电池极片制作过程中,控制正负极的涂布及辊压参数,能够有效地缓解电池放电时内部极化作用,提高电池的大电流放电能力,降低电池放电温度。
Description
技术领域
本专利涉及锂离子电池领域,尤其涉及一种倍率型三元电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有比容量大、安全稳定、循环寿命长等特点,已成功应用于电动汽车、电子产品等领域。锂电池按照性能可以分为容量型电池和功率型电池。功率型电池又称作倍率型电池。一般来说,容量型电池具有较高的能量比,但其在稍高的放电倍率下存在放不出电的情况。功率型电池由于内部极化作用小,能够为锂离子脱嵌提供有利的环境,具有较好的大电流放电能力。因此,功率型电池被广泛地应用于电动工具和电动汽车领域。
目前,市场上的功率型电池主要涉及磷酸铁锂和锰酸锂体系,三元体系的功率型电池相对较少。根据现有技术水平,三元体系的功率型电池只能达到10C以下的放电能力,而且倍率循环性能较差。与此同时,三元功率型电池在放电时电池表面温度较高,存在一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
为了提高三元电池的倍率放电能力,本专利以中间相碳微球与人造石墨的混合型材料作为负极,以碳纳米管和碳纤维的混合型材料作为导电剂,通过优化的正负极配比和极片辊压工艺制作出一种具有倍率性能好的三元型锂电池。
其主要的技术方案如下:
一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:正极为111或532型三元材料;负极中的活性物质为中间相碳微球和人造石墨的混合型材料;导电剂为碳纳米管和碳纤维混合型导电剂;隔膜为PE陶瓷或PP陶瓷复合膜;电解液为添加FEC和VEC的改善型倍率电解液。
一种倍率性能优异的三元电池的正负极浆料制备方法,其特征在于,正极配方中各物质占干粉总重量的比例为:三元88~95%,导电剂1.5~6%,PVDF3.5~6%;负极配方中各物质占干粉总重量的比例为:活性物质87~93%,导电剂3~6.5%,CMC2~5.5%,SBR2%。
一种倍率性能优异的三元电池正负极片制备方法,其特征在于:正极涂布双面面密度为320~400g/m2,辊压时压实密度为3.2~3.5g/cm3;负极涂布双面面密度为160~210g/m2,辊压时压实密度为1.3~1.5g/cm3。
所述的负极材料的活性物质中人造石墨与中间相碳微球的质量比为(7:3)~(9:1)。
所述的导电剂中碳纳米管与碳纤维的质量比为1:(0.5~1)。
所述的隔膜的孔隙率为45~65%,隔膜层与陶瓷厚度分别为16um和4um,且隔膜的陶瓷层对应负极。
所述的电解液的配方为EC:PC:EP=23:6:71,LiPF6的含量为15.5%,FEC的添加量为5%,VEC的添加量为0.5%。
正极片含2个极耳,负极含2~3个极耳。
本专利具有以下技术优势:
(1)中间相碳微球能够增加负极材料的导电性,还能够提高负极材料与电解液的附着力,为锂离子的脱嵌提供有利条件,材料表面附着的电解液还能缓解大电流放电时散热问题;
(2)碳纳米管与碳纤维组合后能形成三维的导电结构,大大地提高负极的导电性;
(3)隔膜的陶瓷层具有较强的吸液及保液能力,能显著提高电池的倍率循环性能,还能够提高电池的安全系数;
(4)电解液中添加的FEC和VEC,能有效提高锂离子的移动速率,提高电池大电流放电能力;
(5)本专利制作的倍率型三元电池在5-20C的倍率条件下,具有较强的放电能力和优良的循环性能。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中制作的样品电池的倍率放电测试数据图;
图2是实施例1中制作的样品电池的1C充10C放循环测试图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)正极片的制作:将111型三元材料、碳纳米管、碳纤维和PVDF按照88:3:3:6的质量比加入NMP中配制浆料,然后把浆料涂覆至铝箔上,依次经过干燥、辊压、分切及制片得到含2个极耳的正极片,其中控制涂覆时极片双面面密度为400g/m2,辊压时极片压实密度为3.2g/cm3;
(2)负极片的制作:将人造石墨、中间相碳微球、碳纳米管、碳纤维、CMC和SBR按照78.3:8.7:3.25:3.25:5.5:2的质量比加入水中配制浆料,然后把浆料涂覆至铜箔上,依次经过干燥、辊压、分切及制片得到含2个极耳的负极片,其中控制涂覆时极片双面面密度为210g/m2,辊压时极片压实密度为1.3g/cm3;
(3)电池的组装:将上述步骤中做好的正负极片,匹配20um孔隙率为65%的PP/陶瓷隔膜(隔膜层与陶瓷厚度分别为16um和4um)进行卷绕,最后注入改善型倍率电解液制作18650型圆柱电池,其中卷绕时隔膜的陶瓷层对应负极。
电池的测试:在室温条件下,样品电池依次进行5C/10C/20C倍率放电测试和1C充10C放的循环测试。图1可以看出,电池在5C和10C的放电容量均为1C容量的99%以上,20C放电也达到了90%左右,展示出较强的大电流放电能力。图2可以看出,电池经过将近1000次的循环,容量保持率为70%,具有较好的循环稳定性。
实施例2
(1)正极片的制作:将532型三元材料、碳纳米管、碳纤维和PVDF按照95:1:0.5:3.5的质量比加入NMP中配制浆料,然后把浆料涂覆至铝箔上,依次经过干燥、辊压、分切及制片得到含2个极耳的正极片,其中控制涂覆时极片双面面密度为320g/m2,辊压时极片压实密度为3.5g/cm3;
(2)负极片的制作:将人造石墨、中间相碳微球、碳纳米管、碳纤维、CMC和SBR按照65.1:27.9:1.5:1.5:2:2的质量比加入水中配制浆料,然后把浆料涂覆至铜箔上,依次经过干燥、辊压、分切及制片得到含3个极耳的负极片,其中控制涂覆时极片双面面密度为160g/m2,辊压时极片压实密度为1.5g/cm3;
(3)电池的组装:将上述步骤中做好的正负极片,匹配20um孔隙率为45%的PE/陶瓷隔膜(隔膜层与陶瓷厚度分别为16um和4um)进行卷绕,最后注入改善型倍率电解液制作18650型圆柱电池,其中卷绕时隔膜的陶瓷层对应负极。
电池的测试:在与实施1中相同的测试条件下,对样品电池的倍率循环性能的测试。结果显示,电池经过1000周的1C充10C放循环测试,容量仍保持在70%左右,展现出优良的循环稳定性。
Claims (8)
1.一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:正极为111或532型三元材料;负极中的活性物质为中间相碳微球和人造石墨的混合型材料;导电剂为碳纳米管和碳纤维混合型导电剂;隔膜为PE陶瓷或PP陶瓷复合膜;电解液为添加FEC和VEC的改善型倍率电解液。
2.一种倍率性能优异的三元电池的正负极浆料制备方法,其特征在于,正极配方中各物质占干粉总重量的比例为:三元88~95%,导电剂1.5~6%,PVDF3.5~6%;负极配方中各物质占干粉总重量的比例为:活性物质87~93%,导电剂3~6.5%,CMC2~5.5%,SBR2%。
3.一种倍率性能优异的三元电池正负极片制备方法,其特征在于:正极涂布双面面密度为320~400g/m2,辊压时压实密度为3.2~3.5g/cm3;负极涂布双面面密度为160~210g/m2,辊压时压实密度为1.3~1.5g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求书1中所述的一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:所述的负极材料的活性物质中人造石墨与中间相碳微球的质量比为(7:3)~(9:1)。
5.根据权利要求书1中所述的一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:所述的导电剂中碳纳米管与碳纤维的质量比为1:(0.5~1)。
6.根据权利要求书1中所述的一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:所述的隔膜的孔隙率为45~65%,隔膜层与陶瓷厚度分别为16um和4um,且隔膜的陶瓷层对应负极。
7.根据权利要求书1中所述的一种倍率性能优异的三元电池,其特征在于:所述的电解液的配方为EC:PC:EP=23:6:71,LiPF6的含量为15.5%,FEC的添加量为5%,VEC的添加量为0.5%。
8.根据权利要求书3中所述的一种倍率性能优异的三元电池正负极片制备方法,其特征在于:正极片含2个极耳,负极含2~3个极耳。
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