CN105590009B - The auxiliary spring that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end contact end works load checking method - Google Patents
The auxiliary spring that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end contact end works load checking method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The auxiliary spring for reinforcing few piece major-minor spring the present invention relates to non-end contact end works load checking method, belongs to suspension leaf spring technical field.The present invention can lack the structure size and elasticity modulus of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to each reinforcement end, it is first determined go out the endpoint deformation coefficient of each main springG x‑Ei With half rigidityK Mi And theNDeformation coefficient of the main spring at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointG x‑BC；Then, according to the half rigidity of each main springK Mi , the thickness of root flat segmentsh 2,NThe main spring of pieceG x‑BCAnd major-minor spring gapδDesign value, the auxiliary spring load that works for reinforcing non-end contact end few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring check.By simulating, verifying it is found that being worked load checking computations value using the available accurately and reliably auxiliary spring of method, to improve the design level and performance and vehicle ride comfort of few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring；Meanwhile design and testing expenses are reduced, accelerate product development speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle suspension leaf springs, are especially the auxiliary springs that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end contact end
Used load checking method.
Background technology
Since its stress of the 1st main spring of variable cross-section is complicated, be subjected to vertical load, at the same also subject to torsional load and
Longitudinal loading, therefore, the thickness and length of the end flat segments of the 1st main spring designed by reality, typically larger than other each
The thickness and length of the end flat segments of main spring mostly use the non-few main spring of piece variable cross-section for waiting structures of end flat segments；Meanwhile
In order to reinforce the intensity of main spring end, an oblique line section is usually added between main spring end flat segments and parabolic segment, that is, is used
Few main spring of piece variable cross-section of reinforcement end.In addition, to meet the design requirement of major-minor spring different composite rigidity, generally use is not
Same auxiliary spring length, that is, auxiliary spring contact are different from the contact position of main spring, therefore, for variable cross-section major-minor spring, can be divided into
End flat segments contact and two kinds of parabolic segment contact, i.e. end contact and non-end contact.Auxiliary spring works load
Size be to be determined by structural parameters, material characteristic parameter, the length of auxiliary spring and the major-minor spring gap size of each of main spring
, and influence vehicle ride performance.Then, it is deformed at an arbitrary position since reinforcement end lacks piece variable-section steel sheet spring
It calculates extremely complex, previously fails to provide non-end contact reinforcement end always and lack the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and act as
With the Method for Checking of load.Although previous once someone gives the design calculating side of few piece parabolic type variable-section steel sheet spring
Method, for example, Peng is not, high army once existed《Automobile engineering》, (volume 14) the 3rd phase in 1992, it is proposed that few piece variable-section steel sheet spring
Design and calculation method, this method primarily directed to few piece parabolic type variable-section steel sheet spring of the structures such as end design calculate,
Its shortcoming is the design requirement for the few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring that cannot meet the non-equal structures in end, can not meet non-end and connect
Touch reinforcement end lack piece variable cross-section major-minor spring auxiliary spring work load checking computations requirement.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a kind of essence
Really, reliable non-end contact reinforcement end lack the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works the Method for Checking of load, expires
The requirement of sufficient Vehicle Industry fast development and load checking computations of working to the design of few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and auxiliary spring, improves change section
The design level of face leaf spring, product quality and performances improve vehicle ride performance and safety；Meanwhile reducing design
Exploitation and experimental test expense accelerate product development speed.
Invention content
Defect present in for the above-mentioned prior art, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide it is a kind of it is easy,
The auxiliary spring that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in reliable non-end contact end works load Method for Checking, checking computations flow chart such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.It is symmetrical structure that non-end contact reinforcement end, which lacks piece variable cross-section major-minor spring, and the half symmetrical structure of major-minor spring can be seen
As cantilever beam, i.e., be root fixing end by symmetrical center line, main spring end stress point and auxiliary spring contact are regarded as respectively based on
Spring endpoint and auxiliary spring endpoint.Non- end contact reinforcement end lacks the half symmetrical structure schematic diagram of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring,
As shown in Figure 2, wherein including：Main spring 1, root shim 2, auxiliary spring 3, end pad 4；The half length of main spring 1 each is L, is
It is made of root flat segments, parabolic segment, oblique line section, four sections of end flat segments；Oblique line section plays booster action to tapered spring；
The thickness of every root flat segments is h2, clipping room away from half length be l3, the distance of the root of parabolic segment to main spring endpoint
For l2, the end thickness of parabolic segment is h1ip, i.e., the thickness ratio β of each parabolic segmenti=h1ip/h2, the end of parabolic segment is arrived
The distance l of main spring endpoint1ip, i=1,2 ..., N, N is the piece number of main spring；The non-equal structures of end flat segments of main spring 1 each, i.e., the 1st
The thickness and length of the end flat segments of the main spring of piece, the respectively greater than thickness and length of the end flat segments of other each main spring,
The thickness and length of each end flat segments are respectively h1iAnd l1i；The length of each oblique line section is Δ l, the thickness ratio of oblique line section
γ=h1i/h1ip；Each root flat segments of main spring 1 and between the root flat segments of auxiliary spring 3 be equipped with root shim 2, main spring 1
Each end flat segments are equipped with end pad 4, and the material of end pad 4 is carbon fibre composite, for reducing spring work
Produced frictional noise when making；The half length of auxiliary spring is LA, i.e. the horizontal distance of 3 ends points of auxiliary spring to 1 endpoint of main spring is
l0；Certain major-minor spring gap delta is equipped between 3 contact of N pieces parabolic segment and auxiliary spring of main spring 1, when load rises more than auxiliary spring
When used load, auxiliary spring is in contact with certain point in main spring parabolic segment.In the structural parameters, elasticity modulus, auxiliary spring of each main spring
In the case of length, major-minor spring gap design value are given, the auxiliary spring for reinforcing non-end contact end few piece major-minor spring works load
Lotus is checked.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the auxiliary spring that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end contact end provided by the present invention rises
Used load checking method, it is characterised in that use following checking computations step：
(1) the endpoint deformation coefficient G of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionx-EiIt calculates：
Lack the width b of piece major-minor spring, elastic modulus E according to non-end contact reinforcement end；The half length of main spring
L, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2, the length Δ l of oblique line section, the thickness ratio γ of oblique line section；Main spring
The piece number N, wherein the thickness ratio β of the parabolic segment of i-th main springi, distance l of the root to main spring endpoint1ip, the end of oblique line section
To the distance l of main spring endpoint1i, i=1,2 ..., N lack each reinforcement end the endpoint deformation coefficient of the main spring of piece variable cross-section
Gx-EiIt is calculated, i.e.,
Deformation coefficient G of (2) the N main springs of piece reinforcement end variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCMeter
It calculates：
According to the half length L of the main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-section, width b, elastic modulus E, the root of main spring parabolic segment
Distance l of the portion to main spring endpoint2, the horizontal distance l of auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint0, main reed number N, to the reinforcement of N pieces end
Type lacks deformation coefficient G of the main spring of piece variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCIt is calculated, i.e.,
(3) the half stiffness K of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionMiIt calculates：
Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2, main reed number N and step (1)
In the end deformation coefficient G of each main spring that is calculatedx-Ei, the half rigidity of the main spring of piece variable cross-section is lacked to each reinforcement end
KMiIt is calculated, i.e.,
(4) non-end contact reinforcement end lacks the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works load pKChecking computations：
Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2, main reed number N, major-minor spring gap
δ, the G being calculated in step (2)x-BCAnd the K being calculated in step (3)Mi, work load p to auxiliary springKIt is calculated,
I.e.
In formula, KMNFor the half rigidity of the main spring of N pieces.
The present invention has the advantage that than the prior art
Due to reinforcement end lack piece variable-section steel sheet spring at an arbitrary position deform calculate it is extremely complex, always not previously
Non- end contact reinforcement end can be provided lack the auxiliary spring of piece major-minor spring and work the Method for Checking of load.The present invention can basis
The structure size of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-section, elasticity modulus determine each reinforcement end variable cross-section master first
The endpoint deformation coefficient G of springx-EiWith half stiffness KMiAnd deformation system of the main spring of N pieces at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact point
Number Gx-BC；Then, according to the thickness h of main spring root flat segments2, the half stiffness K of each main springMi, the main spring of N pieces is in parabola
Section and the deformation coefficient G at auxiliary spring contact pointx-BC, the design value of major-minor spring gap delta is few to non-end contact reinforcement end
The auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring works load pKIt is checked.By designing example and ANSYS simulating, verifyings it is found that the party
The auxiliary spring that method can be obtained is accurate, reliable non-end contact reinforcement end lacks piece variable cross-section major-minor spring works load pKIt tests
Calculation value, lack for non-end contact reinforcement end piece variable cross-section major-minor spring auxiliary spring work load checking computations provide it is reliable
Design level, the product quality and performances of vehicle suspension variable cross-section major-minor leaf spring can be improved in Method for Checking, it is ensured that meet secondary
Spring works the design requirement of load, improves ride performance, reduces bearing spring quality and cost, improve the Transportation Efficiency of vehicle
Rate；Meanwhile design and testing expenses are also reduced, accelerate product development speed.
Description of the drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that non-end contact end reinforces the auxiliary spring of few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works the checking computations flow chart of load；
Fig. 2 is the half symmetrical structure schematic diagram that few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end contact end；
Fig. 3 is that the reinforcement end of embodiment one lacks the deformation simulation cloud atlas of the main spring of piece variable cross-section；
Fig. 4 is that the reinforcement end of embodiment two lacks the deformation simulation cloud atlas of the main spring of piece variable cross-section.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment one：Certain reinforcement end lacks the piece number N=2 of the main spring of piece variable cross-section, wherein the half length of each main spring
L=575mm, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E=200GPa, the thickness h of root flat segments2=10.72mm, clipping room away from
Half l3=55mm, oblique line segment length Δ l=30mm, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=L-l3=
520mm；The end thickness h of the parabolic segment of 1st main spring11p=5.9mm, the thickness ratio β of the parabolic segment of the 1st main spring1=
h11p/h2=0.55；The end thickness h of the object line segment of 2nd main spring12p=4.7mm, the thickness of the parabolic segment of the 2nd main spring
Compare β2=h12p/h2=0.44；The thickness h of the end flat segments of 1st main spring11=6.9mm, the end flat segments of the 2nd main spring
Thickness h12=5.5mm；Thickness ratio γ=h of each main spring oblique line section11/h11p=h121/h12p=1.17.The half of auxiliary spring is long
Spend LA=375mm, the horizontal distance l of auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint0=200mm, between auxiliary spring contact and main spring parabolic segment
Major-minor spring gap delta=19.37mm, the auxiliary spring that piece variable cross-section major-minor spring is lacked to the non-end contact reinforcement end work load
Lotus is checked.
The auxiliary spring that few piece major-minor spring is reinforced in non-end that present example is provided contact end works load checking computations side
Method, checking computations flow is as shown in Figure 1, specifically steps are as follows for checking computations：
(1) the endpoint deformation coefficient G of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionx-EiIt calculates：
Lack the half length L=575mm of the main spring of piece variable cross-section, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E according to reinforcement end
=200GPa, the length Δ l=30mm of oblique line section, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=520mm, it is main
Reed number N=2, wherein the thickness ratio β of the parabolic segment of the 1st main spring1The thickness of the parabolic segment of=0.55, the 2nd main spring
Compare β2=0.44；Distance l of the root of 1st main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint11p=157.51mm, the 2nd main spring oblique line section
Root to main spring endpoint distance l12p=100.81mm, the distance l of the end of the 1st main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint11=
127.51mm, the distance l of the end of the 2nd main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint12=70.81mm；The thickness ratio γ of oblique line section=
1.17；To the endpoint deformation coefficient G of the 1st main spring and the 2nd main springx-E1And Gx-E2It is respectively calculated, i.e.,
Deformation coefficient G of (2) the N main springs of piece reinforcement end variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCMeter
It calculates：
According to the half length L=575mm of the main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-section, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E=
200GPa, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=520mm, auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint it is horizontal away from
From l0=200mm, main reed number N=2, to deformation coefficient G of the 2nd main spring at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCIt carries out
It calculates, i.e.,
(3) the half stiffness K of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionMiIt calculates：
I steps：Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2=10.72mm, main spring
The G being calculated in the piece number N=2 and step (1)x-E1=100.16mm4/ N and Gx-E2=105.23mm4/ N, to the 1st main spring
With the half stiffness K of the 2nd main springM1And KM2It is respectively calculated, i.e.,
(4) non-end contact reinforcement end lacks the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works load pKChecking computations：
Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2=10.72mm, main reed number N=
2, major-minor spring gap delta=19.37mm, step (2) is middle to calculate obtained Gx-BC=40.78mm4It is calculated in/N and step (3)
The half stiffness K to 1 and the 2nd main spring arrivedM1=12.30N/mm and KM2=11.71N/mm works load p to auxiliary springK
It is checked, i.e.,
Using ANSYS finite element emulation softwares, the structural parameters and material of the main spring of piece variable cross-section are lacked according to the reinforcement end
Expect characterisitic parameter, ANSYS simulation models, grid division is established, and apply fixed constraint in the root of simulation model, at main spring end
Point, which applies, to be checked obtained auxiliary spring and works the half i.e. P=1200N of load, lacks the main spring of piece variable cross-section to the reinforcement end
Deformation carry out ANSYS emulation, obtained deformation simulation cloud atlas, as shown in Figure 3, wherein the main spring is apart from end position
Deflection δ=19.52mm at 200mm.
It is found that in same load, ANSYS simulating, verifying value δ=19.52mm of the main spring deflection, with major-minor
Spring gap design value δ=19.37mm matches, and relative deviation is only 0.77%；The result shows that the non-end contact jaw provided
The work Method for Checking of load of auxiliary spring that portion reinforces few piece variable cross-section major-minor spring is correct.
Embodiment two：Certain reinforcement end lacks the piece number N=2 of the main spring of piece variable cross-section, wherein the half length of each main spring
L=600mm, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E=200GPa, the thickness h of root flat segments2=13.87mm, clipping room away from
Half l3=60mm, the length Δ l=30mm of oblique line section, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=L-l3
=540mm；The end thickness h of the parabolic segment of 1st main spring11p=7.63mm, the thickness ratio of the parabolic segment of the 1st main spring
β1=h11p/h2=0.55；The end thickness h of the parabolic segment of 2nd main spring12p=6.1mm, the parabolic segment of the 2nd main spring
Thickness ratio β2=0.44；The end thickness h of the end flat segments of 1st main spring11The end of=8.93mm, the 2nd main spring are straight
The end thickness h of section12=7.14mm；Thickness ratio γ=h of each main spring oblique line section11/h11p=h12/h12p=1.17.Auxiliary spring
Half length LA=370mm, the horizontal distance l of auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint0=230mm, auxiliary spring contact and main spring parabolic segment
Between major-minor spring gap delta=22.41mm.To the non-end contact end reinforce few piece major-minor spring auxiliary spring work load into
Row checking computations.
Using Method for Checking identical with embodiment one and step, few piece variable cross-section master is reinforced to the non-end contact end
The auxiliary spring of the auxiliary spring load that works is checked, and steps are as follows for specific checking computations：
(1) the endpoint deformation coefficient G of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionx-EiIt calculates：
Lack the half length L=600mm of the main spring of piece variable cross-section, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E according to reinforcement end
=200GPa, the length Δ l=30mm of oblique line section, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=540mm；It is main
Reed number N=2, wherein the thickness ratio β of the parabolic segment of the 1st main spring1The thickness of the parabolic segment of=0.55, the 2nd main spring
Compare β2=0.44；Distance l of the root of 1st main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint11p=163.41mm, the 2nd main spring oblique line section
Root to main spring endpoint distance l12p=104.45mm；Distance l of the end of 1st main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint11=
133.41mm, the distance l of the end of the 2nd main spring oblique line section to main spring endpoint12=74.45mm；The oblique line section of each main spring
Thickness ratio γ=1.17；To the endpoint deformation coefficient G of the 1st main spring and the 2nd main springx-E1And Gx-E2It is respectively calculated, i.e.,
Deformation coefficient G of (2) the N main springs of piece reinforcement end variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCMeter
It calculates：
Lack the half length L=600mm of the main spring of piece variable cross-section, width b=60mm, elastic modulus E according to reinforcement end
=200GPa, the distance l of the root of main spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2=540mm, the level of auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint
Distance l0=230mm, main reed number N=2, to deformation coefficient G of the 2nd main spring at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCInto
Row calculates, i.e.,
(3) the half stiffness K of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionMiIt calculates：
Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2=13.87mm, main reed number N=
2 and step (1) in the endpoint deformation coefficient G of each main spring that is calculatedx-E1=113.19mm4/ N and Gx-E2=
118.88mm4/ N, to the half stiffness K of the 1st main spring and the 2nd main springM1And KM2It is respectively calculated, i.e.,
(4) non-end contact reinforcement end lacks the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works load pKChecking computations：
Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2=13.87mm, main reed number N=
2, major-minor spring gap delta=22.41mm, step (2) is middle to calculate obtained Gx-BC=40.85mm4It is calculated in/N and step (3)
The K arrivedM1=23.57N/mm and KM2=22.45N/mm lacks piece variable cross-section major-minor spring to the non-end contact reinforcement end
Auxiliary spring work load pKIt is checked, i.e.,
Using ANSYS finite element emulation softwares, the structural parameters and material of the main spring of piece variable cross-section are lacked according to the reinforcement end
Expect characterisitic parameter, ANSYS simulation models, grid division is established, and apply fixed constraint in the root of simulation model, at main spring end
The auxiliary spring that point applies checking computations gained works the half i.e. P=3000N of load, lacks piece variable cross-section steel plates bullet to the reinforcement end
The deformation progress ANSYS emulation of the main spring of spring, obtained deformation simulation cloud atlas, as shown in Figure 4, wherein the main spring is apart from end
Deflection δ=22.53mm at the 230mm of portion position.
It is found that in same load, ANSYS simulating, verifying value δ=22.53mm of the main spring deflection, with major-minor
Spring gap design value δ=22.41mm matches, and relative deviation is only 0.53%；The result shows that the non-end contact jaw provided
The auxiliary spring load checking method that works that portion reinforces few piece major-minor spring is correct, and load checking computations value is accurately and reliably.
Claims (1)
- The load checking method 1. the auxiliary spring of the few piece major-minor spring of non-end contact end reinforcement works, wherein reinforcement end lacks piece The half symmetrical structure of variable cross-section major-minor spring is made of 4 sections of root flat segments, parabolic segment, oblique line section and end flat segments, tiltedly Line segment plays booster action to main spring；The non-equal structures of end flat segments of each main spring, i.e., the thickness of the end flat segments of the 1st main spring And length, the respectively greater than thickness and length of the end flat segments of other each main spring；In auxiliary spring contact and main spring parabolic segment Between be designed with certain major-minor spring gap；In each chip architecture parameter of main spring, elasticity modulus, auxiliary spring length, major-minor spring gap In the case of design value is given, the auxiliary spring load that works that piece variable cross-section major-minor spring lack to non-end contact reinforcement end carries out Checking computations, steps are as follows for specific checking computations：(1) the endpoint deformation coefficient G of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionx-EiIt calculates：Lack the width b of piece major-minor spring, elastic modulus E according to non-end contact reinforcement end；The half length L of main spring, it is main Distance l of the root of spring parabolic segment to main spring endpoint2, the length Δ l of oblique line section, the thickness ratio γ of oblique line section；Main reed number N, wherein the thickness ratio β of the parabolic segment of i-th main springi, distance l of the root to main spring endpoint1ip, the end of oblique line section to master The distance l of spring endpoint1i, i=1,2 ..., N lack each reinforcement end the endpoint deformation coefficient G of the main spring of piece variable cross-sectionx-EiInto Row calculates, i.e.,Deformation coefficient G of (2) the N main springs of piece reinforcement end variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCIt calculates：According to the half length L of the main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-section, the root of width b, elastic modulus E, main spring parabolic segment are arrived The distance l of main spring endpoint2, the horizontal distance l of auxiliary spring contact and main spring endpoint0, main reed number N is few to N piece reinforcement ends Deformation coefficient G of the main spring of piece variable cross-section at parabolic segment and auxiliary spring contact pointx-BCIt is calculated, i.e.,(3) the half stiffness K of each main spring of reinforcement end variable cross-sectionMiIt calculates：Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2, calculate in main reed number N and step (1) The end deformation coefficient G of each obtained main springx-Ei, the half stiffness K of the main spring of piece variable cross-section is lacked to each reinforcement endMiIt carries out It calculates, i.e.,(4) non-end contact reinforcement end lacks the auxiliary spring of piece variable cross-section major-minor spring and works load pKChecking computations：Lack the thickness h of the root flat segments of the main spring of piece variable cross-section according to reinforcement end2, main reed number N, major-minor spring gap delta, step Suddenly the G being calculated in (2)x-BCAnd the K being calculated in step (3)Mi, work load p to auxiliary springKIt is calculated, i.e.,In formula, KMNFor the half rigidity of the main spring of N pieces.
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