CN105589204A - Single beam dynamic focusing method - Google Patents
Single beam dynamic focusing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105589204A CN105589204A CN201610151389.9A CN201610151389A CN105589204A CN 105589204 A CN105589204 A CN 105589204A CN 201610151389 A CN201610151389 A CN 201610151389A CN 105589204 A CN105589204 A CN 105589204A
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- dynamic focusing
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- laser pulse
- focusing method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
Abstract
The invention relates to a single beam dynamic focusing method and belongs to the technical field of a laser device. A laser source emits a laser pulse which is focused on a pellet through a holographic grating. The wavelength of the laser pulse shows an increasing trend, and the variation range of the wavelength matches the focal spot size during a pellet compression variation process. The focusing, color separation and dynamic focusing functions on the laser pulse are realized simultaneously through the holographic grating. The single beam dynamic focusing method needs few optical elements and implements many functions. Compared with a traditional beam combination dynamic focusing method, the single beam dynamic focusing method generates more focal spots with different sizes. The variation process of the focal spots further matches the pellet compression variation process. The single beam dynamic focusing method has the characteristics of easy operation and high achievable degree, and does not have the problem that the amplification and saturation of short pulses reduce the output capacity of a laser system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser equipment technical field, relate in particular to a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method.
Background technology
In the direct drive mode of laser inertial confinement fusion, the direct irradiation of laser is on pellet, and pellet existsIn implosion process, constantly compression diminishes, and the initial focal spot forming of laser beam no longer mates with the pellet after compression,Energy runs off from pellet edge. In addition, directly drive in, on pellet the juxtaposition of focal spot can excite fromSub-sound wave, makes beam energy transfer to adjacent beams by ion acoustic wave from working as toe-in, destroys implosion symmetry.
In general, the requirement of different target design focal spot sizes is different. For example, NIF device (stateFamily igniter) adopt pellet diameter 2018 μ m, the focused spot diameter of compression process approximately 1710 μ m, and pointThe focused spot diameter approximately 800 μ m of fire, focal spot size needs to reduce approximately 53% in compression process; University of RochesterThe pellet diameter 930 μ m that Omega nd glass laser device adopts, the focused spot diameter of compression process approximately 700 μ m,Igniting adopts major and minor axis diameter to be respectively the oval focal spot of 288 μ m and 212 μ m, and focal spot size need reduce approximately 64%.In general,, at the pellet irradiation initial stage, focused spot diameter is about 0.9 times of pellet diameter, has good irradiationUniformity, along with compression process produces plasma, focused spot diameter is about 0.7～0.5 times of pellet diameter, toolThere is higher absorption efficiency and meet irradiation uniformity requirement.
At present, the method that realizes dynamic focusing is all the modes that adopt beam combination. Laser aid divides a boundlingFor multi-beam, every Shu Guangyou laser pulse and focused spot separately beaten in time in pellet compression processOpen or close and close every Shu Guang, progressively reduce focal spot size, realize dynamic focusing. But beam combination dynamic focusing isRealization compress similar effect to pulse, must to not in the same time the pulsed light beam of outgoing carry out precisionTime control. In addition, beam combination dynamic focusing is to be spliced in time by each very short subpulse,And device amplifier extraction efficiency to energy within the unit interval is limited, short-pulse amplification will reduce dress greatlyThe fan-out capability of putting. Therefore, in pellet compression process, reduce gradually focal spot size, realize dynamic focusing,Significant to improving hydrodynamie stability and restrainting target coupling efficiency.
Summary of the invention
For all deficiencies of prior art, in order to address the above problem, a kind of required optical element is now proposedLess, many, the easy operating of practical function, can realization degree high, do not exist the saturated reduction of short-pulse amplification to swashThe single beam dynamic focusing method of photosystem fan-out capability.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of single beam dynamic focusing method, comprises by the pulse of lasing light emitter Emission Lasers described laser pulse warpCross holographic grating and focus on pellet, the wavelength of described laser pulse is increase tendency to be changed, and described wavelengthExcursion changes and mates with focal spot size in pellet compression variation process.
Further, described lasing light emitter and holographic grating are set to same plain shaft structure, the wavelength of described laser pulseFor λ, described λ is by λ1Increase to λ2, and 0.5nm≤λ2-λ1≤1.5nm。
Further, described lasing light emitter place arranges phase modulator, and the compression variation time of described pellet is n,Described phase modulator to the modulating frequency of wavelength is
Further, the manufacturing process of described holographic grating comprises the following steps:
(1) select fused quartz as substrate, in substrate, evenly coat photoresist;
(2) adopt wavelength to be λ0Directional light and spot light at photoresist Surface Interference, and λ0For described laserThe centre wavelength of pulse, through development etching operation, completes the recording process of holographic grating, and λ1≤λ0≤λ2；
(3) laser pulse that is λ by wavelength is from the back surface incident of holographic grating, as λ=λ0Time, at described lightThere is the picture point identical with it in source position, as λ ≠ λ0Time, described laser pulse is focused at different focal length placesPicture point, andWherein, f0For the distance at described spot light and holographic grating center, itself and laser arteries and veinsThe beam size of punching, light beam spatial arrangement coupling, the distance at the picture point that f is laser pulse and holographic grating center.
Further, described spot light is set to from axle construction, and its off-axis angle θ is 10-20 °.
Further, as λ=λ1Time, wavelength is λ1The picture point of laser pulse and the distance at holographic grating center be f1，?As λ=λ2Time, wavelength is λ2The picture point of laser pulse and the distance at holographic grating center be f2，?The wavelength of laser pulse is from λ1Increase to λ2The relative zoom amount Δ f producing is:
Further, the focal spot size that the laser pulse that described wavelength is λ forms at pellet is d, and it is focus shapeThe focal spot size becoming is d ', and the relational expression of described d and d ' is:And
?
Simplify:
According to the variation requirement of focal spot size in pellet compression variation process, try to achieve λ, wherein, D is holographicEffective clear aperture of grating.
Further, the wavelength of described laser pulse is from λ1Increase to λ2The maximum wavefront variation of theory producing is Δ L,?
Further, along the transmission direction of laser pulse, a side of described holographic grating is provided with Wavefront detectingDevice, the distance at described wave front detector and holographic grating center is S, and S=f2, described wave front detector focusingThe actual wavefront of spot changes to be measured.
Further, the maximum that described actual wavefront changes is L, L and Δ L is contrasted, if Δ L-0.02 is μM≤L≤Δ L+0.02 μ m, illustrates that the actual wavefront variation of focal spot is consistent with theoretical wavefront variation, Jiao of pellet placeSpot is realized dynamic focusing, and the dynamic focusing process of described focal spot is mated with pellet compression variation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, in the present invention, laser pulse focuses on pellet by holographic grating, and holographic grating can to laser pulseTo realize the function of focusing, look separation and dynamic focusing simultaneously, required optical element is few, and practical function is many.
2, in the present invention, the wavelength of laser pulse, by short elongated, impels the size of focal spot to subtract along with wavelength variationsLittle, compared with traditional beam combination dynamic focusing method, the present invention produces the more of different size focal spot,The change procedure of focal spot mates more with pellet compression variation process.
3, this method adopts single beam dynamic focusing, avoided beam combination dynamic focusing to each subpulse precision timeBetween control problem, have easy operating, can the high feature of realization degree.
4, in the present invention, laser pulse is not to be spliced by subpulse, does not have the saturated reduction of short-pulse amplificationThe problem of laser system fan-out capability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is in the embodiment of the present invention, and actual wavefront changes the graph of a relation one with wavelength;
Fig. 3 is in the embodiment of the present invention, and actual wavefront changes the graph of a relation two with wavelength;
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the present invention, and actual wavefront changes the graph of a relation three with wavelength;
Wherein, the abscissa in Fig. 2-4 represents wavelength, and unit is nm, and its ordinate represents wavefront peak-to-valley value,Unit is μ m.
In accompanying drawing: adjust mutually lasing light emitter 1, lens 2, holographic grating 3, wave front detector 4, laser pulse 5, positionDevice 6 processed.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art understand better technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with of the present invention attachedFigure, carries out clear, complete description to technical scheme of the present invention, based on the embodiment in the application, thisOther embodiment roughly the same that field those of ordinary skill obtains under the prerequisite of not making creative work,All should belong to the scope of the application's protection.
Embodiment mono-:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method, comprises by lasing light emitter 1 Emission Lasers pulse 5, instituteState laser pulse 5 and expand into directional light through lens 2, by holographic grating 3, parallel light focusing is arrived to pellet, realExisting dynamic focusing process, described lasing light emitter 1, lens 2 and holographic grating 3 are set to same plain shaft structure, adopt singleLight beam dynamic focusing, has avoided the time control problem of beam combination dynamic focusing to each subpulse precision, is easy to behaviourDo, can realization degree high, meanwhile, laser pulse 5 be to be spliced by subpulse, does not have short pulseAmplify the problem of saturated reduction laser system fan-out capability.
The wavelength of described laser pulse 5 is increase tendency to be changed, and the wavelength of described laser pulse 5 is λ, described λBy λ1Increase to λ2, and 0.5nm≤λ2-λ1≤ 1.5nm, and the excursion of described wavelength and pellet compression variationIn process, focal spot size changes coupling.
Described lasing light emitter 1 place arranges phase modulator 6, and laser pulse 5 is opened up, and the compression of described pellet becomesThe change time is n, and described phase modulator 6 to the modulating frequency of wavelength is
The manufacturing process of described holographic grating 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) select fused quartz as substrate, in substrate, evenly coat photoresist;
(2) adopt wavelength to be λ0Directional light and spot light at photoresist Surface Interference, and λ0For laser pulse5 centre wavelength, described centre wavelength is the wavelength of energy level maximum in wave-length coverage, through development etching operation,Complete the recording process of holographic grating 3, and λ1≤λ0≤λ2；
(3) laser pulse 5 that is λ by wavelength is from the back surface incident of holographic grating 3, as λ=λ0Time, at described pointThere is the picture point identical with it in light source position, as λ ≠ λ0Time, described laser pulse 5 focuses at different focal length placesImaging point, andWherein, f0For the distance at described spot light and holographic grating center, itself and laserThe beam size of pulse, light beam spatial arrangement coupling, f is the picture point of laser pulse 5 and holographic grating 3 centersDistance.
Described spot light is set to from axle construction, and its off-axis angle θ is 10-20 °, and holographic grating 3 adopts from axleDesign, contributes to-1 order diffraction light and 0 grade of transmitted light to separate, and meanwhile, the laser pulse 5 of different wave length is through completeAfter breath grating 3 diffraction, can in the transmission direction in space, separate, described holographic grating 3 can to laser pulse 5To realize the function of focusing, look separation and dynamic focusing simultaneously, required optical element is few, and practical function is many.
As λ=λ1Time, wavelength is λ1The picture point of laser pulse 5 and the distance at holographic grating 3 centers be f1,As λ=λ2Time, wavelength is λ2The picture point of laser pulse 5 and the distance at holographic grating 3 centers be f2，?Along with wavelength increases, the distance at picture point and holographic grating 3 centers reduces, laser pulse 5Wavelength from λ1Increase to λ2The relative zoom amount Δ f producing is:
Described wavelength is that the focal spot size that the laser pulse 5 of λ forms at pellet is d, the focal spot that it forms in focusBe of a size of d ', the relational expression of described d and d ' is:And
?
Simplify:
According to the variation requirement of focal spot size in pellet compression variation process, try to achieve λ, wherein, D is holographicEffective clear aperture of grating 3.
From above-mentioned, focal spot size d is along with wavelength X increases and reduces, with traditional beam combination dynamic focusing sideMethod is compared, and the present invention produces the more of different size focal spot, because the size of focal spot itself is very little,Existing measuring instrument can compare accurate measurement to wavefront variation, but directly focal spot size is doneAccurate measurement, and wavefront is convergence or the deployment conditions of describing laser pulse 5 communication processes. Therefore, alongThe transmission direction of laser pulse 5, a side of described holographic grating 3 is provided with wave front detector 4, and described wavefront is visitedSurveying device 4 is S with the distance at holographic grating 3 centers, and S=f2, the actual wavefront of described wave front detector 4 focal spotChange measure, result show focal spot be converted into not out-of-focus appearance by out-of-focus appearance gradually, focal spot wavefront byGradually assemble, this process is mated with pellet compression variation process.
Imaging relations formula according in geometric optics:Wherein, u, v represent respectively object distance and image distance,In the time that laser pulse 5 exists aberration, when the wavefront of light beam distributes difference, the wavelength of described laser pulse 5 is from λ1Increase to λ2The maximum wavefront variation of theory producing is Δ L,As can be seen here, Δ L and Δ fVariation tendency is identical, and the maximum that described actual wavefront changes is L, and L and Δ L are contrasted, and considers rippleThe error of front detector 4 and experimental precision, if Δ L-0.02 μ m≤L≤Δ L+0.02 μ is m, illustrates the reality of focal spotWavefront variation is consistent with theoretical wavefront variation, the change in size of pellet place focal spot and pellet compression variation processJoin.
Embodiment bis-:
Part identical with embodiment mono-in the present embodiment repeats no more, different:
In the present embodiment, be the compression variation process of coupling pellet, the design size that requires pellet place focal spot by415.796 μ m are reduced to 226.461 μ m, and focal spot has reduced 45.5%.
The beam size of described laser pulse 5 is 36mm × 36mm, and described holographic grating 3 is of a size of 40mm× 40mm, its effective clear aperture D=45.664mm, it adopts λ0The laser pulse 5 of=1053nm record andBecome, according to the beam size of geometric optics and laser pulse 5, light beam spatial arrangement factor, preferably f0＝400mm。
ByDraw λ1＝1052.462nm，λ2=1053.23nm, instituteThe compression variation time of stating pellet is 3ns, and the position phase modulating frequency of described phase modulator is 0.256nm/ns,The wavelength of described laser pulse 5 increases to the required rate of change of 1053.23nm from 1052.462nm and is0.256nm/ns, described wave front detector 4 is S=400mm with the distance at holographic grating 3 centers, described spot lightOff-axis angle θ be 10 °, f1＝400.204mm，Δf＝291.823μm，ΔL＝0.7288μm。
Change and measure by the actual wavefront of described wave front detector 4 focal spot, in the present embodiment, carried outThree groups of measurements, as in Figure 2-4, in Fig. 2, actual wavefront changes maximum L to measurement result1＝0.73μm，In Fig. 3, actual wavefront changes maximum L2=0.73 μ m, in Fig. 4, actual wavefront changes maximumL3=0.74 μ m, and L1、L2And L3All be positioned at Δ L ± 0.02 μ m scope, illustrate that the actual wavefront of focal spot becomesChange is consistent with theoretical wavefront variation, and pellet place focal spot is realized dynamic focusing, and the dynamic focusing of described focal spotProcess is mated with pellet compression variation process.
Below the present invention is described in detail, the above, be only the present invention's preferred embodiment,When not limiting the scope of the present invention, allly do impartial change and modify according to the application's scope, all should be stillBelong in covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a single beam dynamic focusing method, is characterized in that: by the pulse of lasing light emitter Emission Lasers, described inLaser pulse focuses on pellet through holographic grating, and the wavelength of described laser pulse is increase tendency to be changed, andThe excursion of described wavelength changes and mates with focal spot size in pellet compression variation process.
2. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sharpLight source and holographic grating are set to same plain shaft structure, and the wavelength of described laser pulse is λ, and described λ is by λ1Increase toλ2, and 0.5nm≤λ2-λ1≤1.5nm。
3. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described sharpLight source place arranges phase modulator, and the compression variation time of described pellet is n, and described phase modulator is to rippleLong modulating frequency is
4. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described completeThe manufacturing process of breath grating comprises the following steps:
(1) select fused quartz as substrate, in substrate, evenly coat photoresist;
(2) adopt wavelength to be λ0Directional light and spot light at photoresist Surface Interference, and λ0For described laserThe centre wavelength of pulse, through development etching operation, completes the recording process of holographic grating, and λ1≤λ0≤λ2；
(3) laser pulse that is λ by wavelength is from the back surface incident of holographic grating, as λ=λ0Time, at described lightThere is the picture point identical with it in source position, as λ ≠ λ0Time, described laser pulse is focused at different focal length placesPicture point, andWherein, f0For the distance at described spot light and holographic grating center, itself and laser arteries and veinsThe beam size of punching, light beam spatial arrangement coupling, the distance at the picture point that f is laser pulse and holographic grating center.
5. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described pointLight source is set to from axle construction, and its off-axis angle θ is 10-20 °.
6. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: as λ=λ1Time, wavelength is λ1The picture point of laser pulse and the distance at holographic grating center be f1,When λ=λ2Time, wavelength is λ2The picture point of laser pulse and the distance at holographic grating center be f2,?The wavelength of laser pulse is from λ1Increase to λ2The relative zoom amount Δ f producing is:
7. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described rippleThe focal spot size that the long laser pulse for λ forms at pellet is d, and its focal spot size forming in focus is d ', instituteThe relational expression of stating d and d ' is:And
?
Simplify:
According to the variation requirement of focal spot size in pellet compression variation process, try to achieve λ, wherein, D is holographicEffective clear aperture of grating.
8. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described sharpThe wavelength of light pulse is from λ1Increase to λ2The maximum wavefront variation of theory producing is Δ L,
9. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: along swashingThe transmission direction of light pulse, a side of described holographic grating is provided with wave front detector, described wave front detectorWith the distance at holographic grating center be S, and S=f2, the actual wavefront of described wave front detector focal spot change intoRow is measured.
10. a kind of single beam dynamic focusing method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described realityThe maximum of border wavefront variation is L, L and Δ L contrasted, if Δ L-0.02 μ m≤L≤Δ L+0.02 μ is m,The actual wavefront variation that focal spot is described is consistent with theoretical wavefront variation, and pellet place focal spot is realized dynamic focusing, andAnd the dynamic focusing process of described focal spot is mated with pellet compression variation process.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108941897A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-07 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of automatic focus searching method |
| CN109683327A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | The shaping of light beam focal spot and kinetic-control system and method based on plasma regulation |
| CN112859359A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-28 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Focal spot control method |
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| CN102084282A (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-06-01 | 万佳雷射有限公司 | Method and apparatus for controlling the size of a laser beam focal spot |
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| CN102084282A (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-06-01 | 万佳雷射有限公司 | Method and apparatus for controlling the size of a laser beam focal spot |
| US20110127697A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-06-02 | David Charles Milne | Method and apparatus for controlling the size of a laser beam focal spot |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108941897A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-07 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of automatic focus searching method |
| CN109683327A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | The shaping of light beam focal spot and kinetic-control system and method based on plasma regulation |
| CN109683327B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-02-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Light beam focal spot shaping and dynamic control system and method based on plasma regulation |
| CN112859359A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-28 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Focal spot control method |
| CN112859359B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-02-08 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Focal spot control method |
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