CN105586044B - A kind of composite passivant and its preparation method and application suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution - Google Patents

A kind of composite passivant and its preparation method and application suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution Download PDF

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CN105586044B
CN105586044B CN201510581632.6A CN201510581632A CN105586044B CN 105586044 B CN105586044 B CN 105586044B CN 201510581632 A CN201510581632 A CN 201510581632A CN 105586044 B CN105586044 B CN 105586044B
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soil
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composite passivant
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CN105586044A (en
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宋宁宁
刘君
王凯荣
赵辉
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Shandong Dibao Soil Rehabilitation Technology Co., Ltd.
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of composite passivants suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution, form using chitosan, sodium bentonite, bone meal, lime, charcoal, ZnO and nanometer Fe O as primary raw material.The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method and application of composite passivant, the cadmium content in soil available Cd content and rice can be significantly reduced in the composite passivant, soil pH value can also be improved, for administering the paddy soil of vast heavy metal cadmium, increase substantially the content of organic matter, soil physical chemistry is improved.

Description

A kind of composite passivant suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution and preparation method thereof and Using
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil improvements and environmental protection technical field, more particularly to one kind to be suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution Composite passivant and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
In recent years, since the excessive emissions of industrial wastewater, various chemical fertilizer insecticides are widely used, lead to heavy metal pollution It gets worse.As industry and mining etc. develop, mankind's activity is higher and higher to the involvement level of soil environment, and heavy metal pollution has been in The gesture being on the rise mainly has Hg, Cd, Pb and As etc. to ecological environment and the maximum heavy metal of Health Impact, wherein cadmium (Cadmium, Cd) is one of most important heavy metal contaminants, has stronger chemical activity in the soil, with other huge sum of moneys Symbolic animal of the birth year ratio, is easier to be absorbed by plants, and remains in the edible portion of plant, and be detrimental to health by food chain enrichment.According to Statistics, the whole world has 30,000 tons or so due to the Cd that human factor is discharged into environment every year, wherein 82% ~ 94% Cd is entered In soil.It is reported that China is had reached 20,000 hm by the Cd farmland area polluted2, and have the tendency that gradually aggravating.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is most important cereal crops in the world, and the population in 50% or more the whole world is with rice For staple food.Rice is even more the big crop in China first, and cultivated area is big, yield is high, has a very wide distribution and the tradition of China people One of staple food.Cadmium has the concealment of stronger migration and plant absorption, and rice is stronger to the physiological tolerance power of Cd, because This Cd has very strong concealment and risk to the pollution of rice." cadmium rice " produced every year by farmland cadmium pollution is up to 5.0 ×107Kg, Cd pollution bring risk and harm to China's grain-production safety and people's health.
It in the prior art, mainly include physics, chemistry and biological three categories reparation for the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil Method, every kind of restorative procedure have its advantage and disadvantage.Currently, for the reparation master of various heavy and the combined pollution deposited in soil Concentrate on chemical passivation method.This method has the characteristics that cost is relatively low, it is quick, easy to operate to repair, to large area soil The reparation of heavy metal pollution has preferable superiority, can preferably meet current China and administer heavy metal pollution of soil and guarantor Hinder an urgent demand of crop production safety.
Chemical inactivators include organic passivator and inorganic passivant.Application inorganic passivant can be greatly lowered in soil The content of available heavy metal, and then effectively inhibit plant in-vivo content, but a large amount of application inorganic passivants can be to the object of soil Rationality matter generates certain influence, and whole fertility level can also decline.General passivator mainly based on inorganic material, although Inorganic passivant passivation effect is lasting, can but cause greatly to destroy to soil property.Organic passivation agent has both heavy metal-passivated And improve two kinds of functions of soil physico-chemical property, but exist and easily decompose, the unabiding disadvantage of passivation.Therefore inventor causes Power a kind of has both inorganic and organic passivation agent advantage Compound Heavy Metals passivator in finding.
Summary of the invention
Big, organic passivation agent passivation is destroyed to soil property to solve inorganic passivant in the prior art not hold Long, the problem of equal Shortcomings are used alone, the present invention provide a kind of destruction that can reduce simultaneously passivator to soil property Degree, the composite passivant that the persistent soil heavy metal cadmium of passivator passivation can be reinforced again.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of composite passivant suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution, in parts by weight, including following component: chitosan 20-45 parts by weight, sodium bentonite 20-40 parts by weight, bone meal 15-25 parts by weight, lime stone 15-25 parts by weight, charcoal 5- 15 parts by weight, ZnO 1-10 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 1-10 parts by weight.
Preferably, the composite passivant include: chitosan 25-35 parts by weight, sodium bentonite 25-35 parts by weight, Bone meal 20-23 parts by weight, lime stone 20-23 parts by weight, charcoal 10-13 parts by weight, ZnO 5-8 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 5-8 Parts by weight.
It is highly preferred that the composite passivant includes: 30 parts by weight of chitosan, 25 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, bone meal 20 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of lime stone, 10 parts by weight of charcoal, 5 parts by weight of ZnO, 5 parts by weight of nanometer Fe O.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of composite passivant suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution, including with Lower step:
Stock: in parts by weight, chitosan 20-45 parts by weight, sodium bentonite 20-40 parts by weight, bone meal 15- are weighed 25 parts by weight, lime stone 15-25 parts by weight, charcoal 5-15 parts by weight, ZnO 1-10 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 1-10 weight Part, it is spare;
Mixing: being ground up, sieved, dry raw material be fully ground, and crosses 60 and 100 meshes, takes partial size less than 60 mesh and big In or equal to 100 target materials, it is stirred well to uniformly mixed, obtained composite passivant.
The present invention also provides application of the composite passivant described in one kind on restoring cadmium polluted rice field.Concrete operations Are as follows: every kilogram of soil applies 10-40 g composite passivant, and composite passivant is mixed with the cadmium pollution paddy soil, is stirred Uniformly, it keeps soil moisture to reach the 60-70% of maxmun field capacity, balance 5~10 days, can be sowed or be transplanted.
It in the application, preferably balances 7 days, the heavy metal ion in soil is anti-by redox reaction, co-precipitation Answer, organic complex reaction be converted to hydroxide and organic complex not soluble in water so that the biological effectiveness of heavy metal It reduces, reaches passivation purpose;Meanwhile the content of organic matter increases substantially, soil physical chemistry is improved.
Chitosan of the present invention is a kind of natural polymers, and reserves in nature are only second to fiber Element, hydroxyl, amino, amide groups, the carboxyl isoreactivity group being dispersed on high molecular polymer strand can be with heavy metals Chelating and suction-operated occur for ion, but since soil belongs to more complicated system, influence factor is more, and chitosan molecule is simultaneously It is non-simple chemical action only to occur with the heavy metal ion in soil to change its ionic forms, also with other compositions in soil Or biology is had an effect, to influence the physics and chemical property of soil.
Sodium bentonite of the present invention is the aqueous clay pit based on montmorillonite, and absorption speed is slow, but is absorbed water Rate and expansion multiple are big, have stronger adsorptivity and cation exchange property.It is existing a large amount of research shows that its is right both at home and abroad Heavy metal Cd, Pb, Hg etc. have preferable suction-operated.
Bone meal of the present invention, main component are tricalcium phosphates, and acid heavy metal contaminated soil can be effectively reduced Acidity improves pH value, enhances the absorption property of soil, promotes heavy metal-polluted soil bio-available Zn concentration and Manual Suture to reduce, changes The growing environment of kind crop, the yield for improving crop.
Lime stone of the present invention, most important chemical property are exactly to resolve into calcium oxide and two at relatively high temperatures Carbonoxide, calcium element needed for liming stone can neutralize the acidity, the structure for improving soil, supply plant of soil in soil.
The beneficial effects are mainly reflected as follows the following aspects:
(1) compared with prior art, the composite passivant of remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution paddy soil of the present invention can have The Cd in passivation paddy soil is imitated, acidified soil is repaired and provides tilth to a soil, can significantly reduce soil available Cd content With the Cd content in rice, moreover it is possible to improve soil pH value, for administering the paddy soil of vast heavy metal Cd pollution, and make rice Heavy metal Cd content is lower than state food safety standard value in product, has major significance, application prospect to Ensuring Food Safety It is wide.
(2) raw material sources of the invention are extensive, and formula is simple, and by each component by corresponding proportion mixing, when application is applied Enter the heavy metal Cd contaminated soil, it is easy to use.
(3) raw material used in the composite passivant of remediating heavy metal Cd pollution paddy soil of the present invention facilitates Soil texture is improved, soil compaction phenomenon is effectively prevented, increases soil nutrient effect, improves the biomass of rice, so this Inventing the composite passivant has very high economic benefit and Ecological Society effect.
(4) soil heavy metal combined passivator of the invention is used, available state in contaminated by heavy metals paddy soil is made Cd reduces 40.7-55.8%, extremely significant to the passivation of heavy metal;Decline the Cd content in rice respectively simultaneously 36.2-48.9%, the pH value of soil improve 0.22-0.43.
(5) reaction time is short: composite passivant usually requires effect 15 days or more in the prior art, of the present invention compound Passivator is in use, it is only necessary to can act on completion within 5-10 days, effectively shorten its service life.
(6) passivation effect is significant: rich in functions bases such as sulfydryl, amino, the carboxyls that complexing can occur with heavy metal Group, with the heavy metal ion in soil chelating, complex reaction can occur for these functional groups, to reduce heavy metal in soil Activity, it is especially most obvious to the function and effect of mercury.
(7) proportion is reasonable: by the type and specific proportion in screening passivating agent composition, it is optimal, right to obtain passivation effect The optimal formula of cadmium content reducing effect in effective cadmium content of soil and rice, each ingredient play each other complement each other, Synergistic technical effect.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
According to composite passivated agent prescription, chitosan 30kg, 25 kg of sodium bentonite, 20 kg of bone meal, lime stone 20 are weighed Kg, 10 5 kg of kg, ZnO of charcoal, 5 kg of nanometer Fe O.It is ground up, sieved, dry raw material is fully ground, cross 60 and 100 Mesh takes partial size less than 60 mesh and is greater than or equal to 100 target materials, is stirred well to uniformly mixed, obtained composite passivant.
Embodiment 2
According to composite passivated agent prescription, 20 kg of chitosan, 35 kg of sodium bentonite, 25 kg of bone meal, lime stone are weighed 15 kg, 15 10 kg of kg, ZnO of charcoal, 10 kg of nanometer Fe O.It is ground up, sieved, dry raw material is fully ground, cross 60 With 100 meshes, partial size is taken less than 60 mesh and is greater than or equal to 100 target materials, is stirred well to uniformly mixed, is made compound blunt Agent.
Embodiment 3
According to composite passivated agent prescription, chitosan 45kg, 20 kg of sodium bentonite, 15 kg of bone meal, lime stone 25 are weighed Kg, 53 kg of kg, ZnO of charcoal, 8 kg of nanometer Fe O.It is ground up, sieved, dry raw material is fully ground, cross 60 and 100 mesh Sieve takes partial size less than 60 mesh and is greater than or equal to 100 target materials, is stirred well to uniformly mixed, obtained composite passivant.
Comparative example 1
According to composite passivated agent prescription, chitosan 15kg, 45 kg of sodium bentonite, 13 kg of bone meal, lime stone 10 are weighed Kg, 20 15 kg of kg, ZnO of charcoal, 15 kg of nanometer Fe O.It is ground up, sieved, dry raw material is fully ground, cross 60 Hes 100 meshes take partial size less than 60 mesh and are greater than or equal to 100 target materials, are stirred well to uniformly mixed, are made composite passivated Agent.
To be compared with Example formulations effect, screening test is carried out to component composition or component content in formula then, Wherein each ingredient applied amount is 0.1%, and conclusion is as shown in the table:
Lime Lime+Na-bentonite Soil Lime+bone meal Lime+sodium bentonite+bone meal Lime+sodium bentonite+ Bone meal+ZnO Lime+sodium bentonite+bone meal+life Object charcoal Chitosan+sodium bentonite+bone meal+ Lime+charcoal+ZnO+ nanometer Fe O
Available state Cd content (ppm) 0.5499 0.6385 0.6345 0.6576 0.6289 0.6401 0.6607
Adsorption strength (mg/g) 32.08 8.4533 7.3067 3.36 11.0133 8.7466 12.4532
Embodiment 1
The Qingdao City i.e. blue black village rice soil seriously polluted by Cd is picked up from for examination soil, soil smashes it through 1 through air-drying Cm sieve, is packed into the clay basin of 20 cm of internal diameter, high 25 cm, and it is " holy rice " that every basin, which fills native 8.5 kg. Varieties In Late Rices, every 4 cave of basin, often 2, cave Basic Seedling.Test set five processing (composite passivant applied amount is respectively 0(i.e. CK in embodiment 1), 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 1 additive amount of comparative example is 1%) 4 repetitions, random alignment.Experimental result is shown in Table 1.
Influence of 1. composite passivant of table to cadmium pollution soil and rice
Embodiment 2
Field trial is carried out to rice near the industrial area of Qingdao City Chengyang, sample is primarily present heavy metal Cd pollution, Content is higher.Be arranged do not apply any passivator (i.e. CK) and per acre apply 50.0,75.0,100.0 kg product of the present invention, Five processing of 1 product of 100kg comparative example, repeat three times, and the plot area of rice cultivation is 55.0 m2(5.5 m*10.0 M), it is separated with the ridge (buried 0.3 m) that the thick plastic film of 0.2 m wide wraps up.Fertilization Level and other field management measures, It respectively handles completely the same.It is late rice " holy rice " for examination crop varieties.Experimental result is shown in Table 2.
Influence of 2. composite passivant of table to cadmium pollution soil and rice
By Tables 1 and 2 result it is found that compared with comparative example 1 in the prior art or the present invention, a reparation huge sum of money of the present invention Cd, reparation acidified soil and the improvement soil that belonging to the composite passivant of cadmium pollution paddy soil can effectively be passivated in paddy soil are ploughed Property, it can significantly reduce the Cd content in soil available Cd content and rice, moreover it is possible to improve soil pH value.Wherein cadmium in soil Content reduced rate is up to 44.5%, and cadmium content reduced rate is also up to 39.1% in rice, and pH value also can achieve and significantly improve.Explanation The paddy soil that the present invention administers heavy metal Cd pollution is widely used, and eats heavy metal Cd content in rice products lower than country Product safety standard value, is of great significance to Ensuring Food Safety, can be effectively reduced the validity of heavy metal in soil cadmium, subtracts Absorption, enrichment of few crop to cadmium.
By comparing product of the present invention and 1 product of comparative example, even if component is identical, each component is matched in product formula Than under different situations, all there were significant differences for cadmium content, pH value in soil or in rice, have between the formula each component in the present invention Synergistic effect.
Although inventor has done more detailed elaboration to technical solution of the present invention and has enumerated, it should be understood that right For the those skilled in the art of this field one, modifications to the embodiments described above may be made or uses equivalent alternative solution, this It is it is clear that these made without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are modified or changed to those skilled in the art Into falling within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of composite passivant suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution, it is characterised in that: in parts by weight, including with the following group Part: chitosan 20-45 parts by weight, sodium bentonite 20-40 parts by weight, bone meal 15-25 parts by weight, lime stone 15-25 weight Measure part, charcoal 5-15 parts by weight, ZnO 1-10 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 1-10 parts by weight.
2. composite passivant according to claim 1 characterized by comprising chitosan 25-35 parts by weight, sodium base are swollen Moisten soil 25-35 parts by weight, bone meal 20-23 parts by weight, lime stone 20-23 parts by weight, charcoal 10-13 parts by weight, ZnO 5-8 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 5-8 parts by weight.
3. -2 described in any item composite passivants according to claim 1, which is characterized in that contain: 30 parts by weight of chitosan, 25 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 20 parts by weight of bone meal, 20 parts by weight of lime stone, 10 parts by weight of charcoal, 5 weight of ZnO Part, 5 parts by weight of nanometer Fe O.
4. a kind of preparation method of the composite passivant suitable for paddy soil cadmium pollution, which comprises the following steps:
Stock: in parts by weight, chitosan 20-45 parts by weight, sodium bentonite 20-40 parts by weight, bone meal 15-25 are weighed Parts by weight, lime stone 15-25 parts by weight, charcoal 5-15 parts by weight, ZnO 1-10 parts by weight, nanometer Fe O 1-10 weight Part, it is spare;
Mixing: being ground up, sieved, dry raw material be fully ground, and crosses 60 and 100 meshes, takes partial size less than 60 mesh and be greater than or wait In 100 target materials, it is stirred well to uniformly mixed, obtained composite passivant.
5. application of the composite passivant on restoring cadmium polluted rice field described in one of claim 1-3.
6. application according to claim 5, which is characterized in that concrete operations are as follows: it is compound that every kilogram of soil applies 10-40g Composite passivant is mixed with the cadmium pollution paddy soil, is mixed by passivator, and soil moisture is kept to reach field maximum water holding The 60-70% of amount, balance 5~10 days, can be sowed or be transplanted.
7. according to the described in any item applications of claim 5-6, which is characterized in that balance 7 days.
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