CN105584045B - 一种多材料零件3d打印装置及其打印方法 - Google Patents
一种多材料零件3d打印装置及其打印方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105584045B CN105584045B CN201510990147.4A CN201510990147A CN105584045B CN 105584045 B CN105584045 B CN 105584045B CN 201510990147 A CN201510990147 A CN 201510990147A CN 105584045 B CN105584045 B CN 105584045B
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- printing
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- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011268 mixed slurries Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002491 polymer binding agents Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrates Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001081830 Degeneriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramics Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituents Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvents Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powders Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930016248 Octadecanoic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound 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CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agents Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008070 dichloromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glasses Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate)s Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylenes Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous materials Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多材料零件3D打印装置及其打印方法，本装置是由支架装置、可控搅拌挤出头装置、数个数字化材料供应系统、工作平台和控制器组成，可控搅拌挤出头和控制器固定设置在支架装置上，数字化材料供应系统固定设置在数个可控搅拌挤出头下方，工作平台设置在支架装置内；打印方法依次为：混合浆料的配制，数据建模处理，多材料打印成型，将坯体内的高分子粘结剂进行脱除，烧结；本发明通过数个数字化材料供应系统控制各种材料的进给量，进而控制混合材料的成分比例，使其随着空间位置的不同材料的成分及比例不同，脱脂烧结后可得到随着位置不同材料组分不断变化的零件，工艺简单，成本低，节省材料。
Description
一种多材料零件3D打印装置及其打印方法
技术领域
[0001 ]本发明涉及3D打印领域，特别涉及一种多材料零件3D打印装置及其打印方法。
背景技术 =002^近十几年，3D打印的迅猛发展，已引起社会的广泛关注，特别是金属的邪打印，金 属3D打印作为整个3D打印体系中最为前沿和最有潜力的技术，是先进制造技术的重要发展 方向，现有金属3D打印多数都停留在单材均质加工方面，不能实现多材料3喊型打印技术， 缺少多材料零件3D打印装置，无法实现金属、陶瓷等混合材料的梯度零件成型，无法制备金 属与陶瓷多材料的梯度零件，而且打印工艺设备及材料昂贵，打印方法复杂，成型速度慢， 不能直接成型。 发明内容
[0003]本发明的目的是要解决上述现有3D打印技术缺少多材料零件3D打印装置，不能实 现多材料3D成型打印技术，无法实现顏、陶瓷等混纟簡的梯度零件成型，无法制备金属 与陶瓷多材料梯度零件等问题，而提供一种多材料零件邪打印装置及其打印方法。
[0004]本发明之多材料零件3D打印装置是由支架装置、可控搅拌挤出头装置、数个数字 化材料供应系统、工作平台和控制器组成，可控搅拌挤出头和控制器固定设置在支架装置 上，数字化材料供应系统固定设置在数个可控搅拌挤出头下方，工作平台设置在支架装置 内；可控搅拌挤出头装置上具有打印头和搅拌器，数个数字化材料供应系统具有出料控制 器。
[0005]本发明的多材料零件3D打印装置的打印方法如下：
[0006] 一:混合浆料的配制，将金属或陶瓷粉末与高分子粘结剂均匀混合后加热，混合浆 料在160〜200°C时熔化，在室温情况下会快速固化，根据需要可制成数种混合浆料，将不同 的混合浆料分别倒入对应的数字化材料供应系统内；
[0007]所述混合架料的组成成分及质量百分比如下：
[0008]金属或陶瓷粉末55-75%，高分子粘结剂25-45% ;
[0009]高分子粘结剂的组成成分及质量百分比如下：
[0010]石蜡65-72%，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物7-11%，聚丙烯18-22%，硬脂酸1-5%;
[0011]二：数据建模处理，利用三维软件建立模型，然后进行切片处理，层片的厚度为 0.0S-0.，建立零件的三维数据模型，根据所需功能零件设置相应的填充路线；
[0012]三:多材料打印成型:利用熔融沉积成型工艺进行打印成型，在进行截面打印或是 层层打印时，控制器控制一种多材料零件3D打印装置的正常运行，根据所需的混合浆料组 成，每个数字化材料供应系统的出料控制器可单独控制出料，数种混合浆料分别由数字化 材料•供应系统送至可控搅拌挤出头装置内，数种混合浆料进入可控搅拌挤出头装置后，搅 拌器进行搅拌，并在打印头中加热至熔融状态，然后选择性地挤出沉积在工作平台上，快速 冷却后形成加工工件截面轮廓，当成型完成后，工作平台下降一截面层的高度，再根据下一 层y比n泶料的插女，数个数字化材料供应系统将所需要的混合浆料送至可控搅拌挤出头装 置内，打印头再进行下一层的打印，如此循环，最终形成产品；
[0013]四：将坯体内的高分子粘结剂进行脱除，采用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺。脱脂溶剂选 择的是正庚烷、正己烷、三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷4种常用试剂的一种，温度为3〇—5(rc，时间为 5-8h，溶剂脱脂是为了溶解脱除掉所有可溶性粘结剂材料，在还体表面及内部形成连通孔 隙，为热脱脂环节剩余粘结剂组元受热挥发排除坯体外提供通道，热脱脂工艺采用真空气 氛炉进行，升温速度为2-5°C/min，最终温度为48〇-58〇。(：，保温时间为5-6h;
[0014]五:烧结，将预烧结坯体放在真空气氛炉内继续加温，升温速度可控制在4-8〇c/ min，保温时间3_6h，具体的温度和时间与烧结的金属、陶瓷材料的熔点有关，烧结完成后， 得到所需的多材料梯度零件。
[0015]本发明的有益效果：
[0016]本发明通过数个数字化材料供应系统控制各种材料的进给量，进而控制混合材料 的成分比例，使其随着空间位置的不同材料的成分及比例不同，脱脂烧结后可得到随着位 置不同材料组分不断变化的零件，实现金属、陶瓷等混合材料的梯度零件成型，工艺简单， 成本低，节省材料。
附图说明 _7]图1是本发明之多材料零件3D打印装置的立体示意图。
[0018] 图2是本发明组合材料零件的成形过程示意图。
[0019] 图3是本发明复合材料零件的成形过程示意图。
[0020]图4是本发明梯度材料零件的成形过程示意图。
具体实施方式
[0021]请参阅图1、图2、图3和图4所示，本发明之多材料零件3D打印装置是由支架装置1、 可控搅拌挤出头装置2、数个数字化材料供应系统3、工作平台4和控制器5组成，可控搅拌挤 出头2和控制器5固定设置在支架装置〖上，数字化材料供应系统3固定设置在数个可控搅拌 挤出头2下方，工作平台4设置在支架装置1内；可控搅拌挤出头装置2上具有打印头21和搅 拌器22，数个数字化材料供应系统3具有出料控制器31。
[0022]本发明的多材料零件3D打印装置的打印方法如下：
[0023] —:混合浆料的配制，将金属或陶瓷粉末与高分子粘结剂均匀混合后加热，混合浆 料在180°C时熔化，在室温情况下会快速固化，根据需要可制成数种混合浆料，将不同的混 合浆料分别倒入对应的数字化材料供应系统3内；
[0024]所述混合浆料的组成成分及质量百分比如下：
[0025]金属或陶瓷粉末60%，高分子粘结剂40% ;
[0026]高分子粘结剂的组成成分及质量百分比如下：
[0027]石蜡70%，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物8%，聚丙烯20%，硬脂酸2%;
[0028]二：数据建模处理，利用三维软件建立模型，然后进行切片处理，层片的厚度为 0• 16mm，建立零件的三维数据模型，根据所需功能零件设置相应的填充路线；
[0029]三:多材料打印成型:利用熔融沉积成型工艺进行打印成型，在进行截面打印或是 房尉丁印时灰制益啦制—种多材半斗零件崎印装置的正常运行，根据所需的、混合衆料组 成，每个数字化材^•供应系统3的出料控制器:^可单独控制出料，数种混合浆料分别由数字 化材料供应系统3送至可控搅拌挤出头装置2内，数种混合浆料进入可控搅拌挤出头装置2 后，搅拌器22进行搅拌，并在打印头21中加热至熔融状态，然后选择性地挤出沉积在工作平 台4上，快速冷却后形成加工工件截面轮廓，当成型完成后，工作平台4下降一截面层的高 度，再根据下一层混合浆料的需要，数个数字化材料供应系统3将所需要的混合浆料送至可 控搅拌挤出头装置2内，打印头21再进行下一层的打印，如此循环，最终形成产品；
[0030] 四：将坯体内的高分子粘结剂进行脱除，采用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺，脱脂溶剂选 择的是正庚烷、正己烷、三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷4种常用试剂的一种，温度为5(rc，时间为6h， 溶剂脱脂是为了溶解脱除掉所有可溶性粘结剂材料，在坯体表面及内部形成连通孔隙，为 热脱脂环节剩余粘结剂组元受热挥发排除坯体外提供通道，热脱脂工艺采用真空气氛炉进 行，升温速度为3°C/min，最终温度为50(TC，保温时间为5h;
[0031] 五:烧结，将预烧结坯体放在真空气氛炉内继续加温，升温速度可控制在6tVmin， 保温时间4.5h，具体的温度和时间与烧结的金属、陶瓷材料的熔点有关，烧结完成后，得到 所需的多材料梯度零件。
Claims (1)
1. 一种多材料零件3D打印装置的打印方法，该方法的步骤如下： 一:混合浆料的配制，将金属或陶瓷粉末与高分子粘结剂均匀混合后加热，混合衆料在 ieo〜2〇(rc时熔化，在室温情况下会快速固化，根据需要可制成数种混合浆料，将不同的混 合浆料分别倒入对应的数字化材料供应系统(3)内； 所述混合浆料的组成成分及质量百分比如下： 金属或陶瓷粉末55-75 %，高分子粘结剂25-45 % ; 高分子粘结剂的组成成分及质量百分比如下： 石蜡65-72%，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物7-11%，聚丙烯18-22%，硬脂酸1-5% ; 二：数据建模处理，利用三维软件建立模型，然后进行切片处理，层片的厚度为0.08-0 • 26mm，建立零件的三维数据模型，根据所需功能零件设置相应的填充路线； 三:多材料打印成型：利用熔融沉积成型工艺进行打印成型，在进行截面打印或是层层 打印时，控制器(5)控制一种多材料零件3D打印装置的正常运行，根据所需的混合浆料组 成，每个数字化材料供应系统(3)的出料控制器(31)可单独控制出料，数种混合浆料分别由 数字化材料供应系统(3)送至可控搅拌挤出头装置(2)内，数种混合浆料进入可控搅拌挤出 头装置(2)后，搅拌器(22)进行搅拌，并在打印头中加热至熔融状态，然后选择性地挤出沉 积在工作平台⑷上，快速冷却后形成加工工件截面轮廓，当成型完成后，工作平台(4)下降 一截面层的高度，再根据下一层混合浆料的需要，数个数字化材料供应系统(3)将所需要的 混合浆料送至可控搅拌挤出头装置(2)内，打印头(21)再进行下一层的打印，如此循环，最 终形成产品； 四：将坯体内的高分子粘结剂进行脱除，采用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺，脱脂溶剂选择的 是正庚烷、正己烷、三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷4种常用试剂的一种，温度为30—5(rC，时间为5_8h， 溶剂脱脂是为了溶解脱除掉所有可溶性粘结剂材料，在坯体表面及内部形成连通孔隙，为 热脱脂环节剩余粘结剂组元受热挥发排除坯体外提供通道，热脱脂工艺采用真空气氛炉进 行，升温速度为2-5°C/min，最终温度为480-58CTC，保温时间为5-6h; 五:烧结，将预烧结坯体放在真空气氛炉内继续加温，升温速度可控制在4_8r/min，保 温时间3-6h，烧结完成后，得到所需的多材料梯度零件。
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