CN105572318B - In-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device and the method that soil carbon loss is determined based on the device - Google Patents
In-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device and the method that soil carbon loss is determined based on the device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105572318B CN105572318B CN201510905936.3A CN201510905936A CN105572318B CN 105572318 B CN105572318 B CN 105572318B CN 201510905936 A CN201510905936 A CN 201510905936A CN 105572318 B CN105572318 B CN 105572318B
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Abstract
In-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device and the method that soil carbon loss is determined based on the device, it only monitors whole soil ecosystem carbon emission flux to solve existing field method, it can not monitor contribution of the specific soil layer to carbon emission, and indoor freezing and thawing simulated experiment is the problem of truly can not reflect freeze-thawing process of soil.The soil freezing-thawing device mainly includes temperature monitor, earth pillar room, gas buffer room, gum cover and airway tube.The method for determining soil carbon loss：The earth pillar in situ of different soil is fitted into the earth pillar room of freeze thawing device, the corresponding soil layer of people is buried, in thawing period, monitoring gas CO2And CH4Emission behaviour, and before and after comparing freeze thawing, corresponding soil layer dissolved organic carbon DOC situations of change, and then calculate frozen-thaw process soil carbon evapotranspiration.The different soil CO of the comprehensive experience frozen-thaw process of the present invention2、CH4The angle changing of emission flux and DOC contents, calculates the soil carbon extent of damage, and precision improves 30~50%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device for monitoring soil freezing-thawing and the method for determining soil carbon loss.
Background technology
Soil freezing-thawing alternately be due to season or round the clock thermal change table soil and certain depth below formation freeze repeatedly-
The soil course of defrosting.Soil of this phenomenon in middle and high latitude or high altitude localities is very universal.Alternate freezing and thawing effect changes
Soil water and heat quantity, directly affects the biogeochemical cycle process of soil element.Freeze thawing general layout difference is to Soil Biochemical
The influence difference of process may be very big, and (is particularly table soil and deep soil to soil profile to alternate freezing and thawing and its general layout at present
Earth biochemical process difference) and entirely the influence degree of ecosystem nutrient circulation and biochemical importance are still not very clear.
In China's permafrost region for years, freeze from ground from top to bottom with maximum melt layer depths two-way opened from bottom to top
Begin, (sometimes from mid-February December to next year) during late October to late November, seasonally thaw layer can whole deep colling；Melt
Change is unidirectionally carried out from top to bottom since earth's surface, reaches that maximum melts depth to late September；And Frozen Area is freezed and the side melted
To in contrast.At present, for problem present in soil freezing-thawing alternately research, on-spot study is inadequate, alternate freezing and thawing general layout is set
Put the problems such as unreasonable, experiment soil moisture change is too fast.
As temperature is raised, permafrost active layer depth increase, Soil Respiration enhancing greatly promotes soil organic
The loss of carbon, and the ability to pool carbon of the ecosystem may be changed.Carbon emissions mainly pass through following 3 kinds of forms：CH4、CO2With it is water-soluble
Property organic carbon (DOC).CH4And CO2It is most important greenhouse gases, DOC is dissolved in the organic carbon constituents of water, they are that soil freezes
Melt the main carbon loss form of process.Therefore, by calculating the changes of contents or emission flux of three, whole Winter-Spring can be calculated
Season frozen-thaw process soil carbon loss total amount.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve existing field method only to monitor whole soil ecosystem carbon emission flux, nothing
Method monitors contribution of the specific soil layer to carbon emission, and indoor freezing and thawing simulated experiment can not truly reflect asking for freeze-thawing process of soil
Topic, from more accurate estimation frozen-thaw process Change of Soil Organic Carbon angle, there is provided a kind of device and base of in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing
The method for determining soil carbon loss in the device.
In-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device of the present invention include freeze thawing post, temperature monitor and airway tube, wherein freeze thawing post by
Gum cover, top cover, bottom and multiple pipe bodies composition, the vertical section of gum cover is " H " shape, the axis arranged superposed of multiple pipe bodies
Long body is formed, the horizontal offset plate phase by gum cover between top cover and bottom, each pipe body is capped respectively at the two ends of long body
Every being alternately separated into earth pillar room and gas surge chamber, multiple stomatas are provided with the horizontal offset plate of gum cover above earth pillar room,
One end of airway tube is communicated with gas buffer room, and the other end of airway tube is extended to more than earth's surface, and multiple temp probes are by leading
Line is connected with temperature monitor, each temp probe be distributed in in the identical soil layer of earth pillar room.
The present invention is realized according to the following steps based on the method that in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device determines soil carbon loss：
First, soil profile is dug before soil freezing, the earth pillar in situ of different soil is cut as soil layer unit, determines each soil
The DOC contents of layer unit；
2nd, earth pillar in situ is put into the earth pillar room of freeze thawing post, multiple temp probes pass through wire and temperature monitor phase
Connection, temp probe distribution is arranged in different soil layers, and in in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device embedment soil layer, experience one is complete
Whole freezing and thawing cycle, gas sample is collected by airway tube, determines CO2And CH4Concentration and calculate two kinds of gas CO in each soil layer2With
CH4Emission flux；
3rd, in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device is taken out after soil melts completely, gathers and determines each soil layer in earth pillar room
The DOC contents of unit；
4th, with reference to each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4Emission flux, pass through below equation calculate soil
Carbon loss C of the earth in frozen-thaw processloss, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed,
Closs=Δ DOC+ Δs CH4+ΔCO2；
Wherein, Δ DOC is the difference of Soil dissolved orgnic carbon before and after freeze thawing；
ΔCO2For whole thawing period CO2 emission general traffic；
ΔCH4For whole thawing period discharge of methane general traffic.
The present invention can monitor multiple soil simultaneously based on the method that in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device determines soil carbon loss
The greenhouse gas emission of layer and the situation of change of dissolved organic carbon.In frozen-thaw process, on the one hand, soil pore water freezes
State is different, cause the content of dissolved organic carbon with freezing-thawing process dynamic change, on the other hand, in different soil
Functional microorganism structure of community and abundance are variant, in response frozen-thaw process, and the speed of metabolism turnover soil organic matter is also different,
Therefore, CO between each soil layer2And CH4Emission flux also slightly has difference.Compared to conventional method, in terms of soil carbon loss is estimated, with
It is only single warm from the change of upper soll layer (0~20cm) organic carbon content or whole earth pillar (earth pillar of certain depth) toward computational methods
The angle of room emission flux of gas, calculates the soil carbon loss of frozen-thaw process, and the present invention integrates the difference of experience frozen-thaw process
Soil layer CO2、CH4Emission flux and the angle changing of DOC content threes, calculate soil carbon injury test degree, and precision is improved
30%~50%.The present invention is applied to research thawing period different type frozen soil carbon loss situation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of freeze thawing post；
Fig. 3 is the soil layer freeze thawing curve map that the step 4 of embodiment one is obtained.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：Present embodiment in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device includes freeze thawing post, the and of temperature monitor 9
Airway tube 6, wherein freeze thawing post are made up of gum cover 3, top cover 7, bottom 5 and multiple pipe bodies 8, and the vertical section of gum cover 3 is " H " shape,
The axis arranged superposed of multiple pipe bodies 8 forms long body, is capped top cover 7 and bottom 5, each circle respectively at the two ends of long body
It is separated by between body 8 by the horizontal offset plate of gum cover 3 and is alternatively formed earth pillar room 1 and gas surge chamber 2, on earth pillar room 1
Side the horizontal offset plate of gum cover 3 on be provided with multiple stomata 3-1, one end of airway tube 6 is communicated with gas buffer room 2, airway tube 6 it is another
One end is extended to more than earth's surface, and multiple temp probes 10 are connected by wire with temperature monitor 9, each 10 points of temp probe
Cloth with the identical soil layer of earth pillar room 1.
Airway tube described in present embodiment is L-shaped, and vertical component is higher by ground respectively in addition to below ground part is embedded in
300~400mm of face or so；The top mouthful of vertical component is plugged with rubber stopper.
Embodiment two：The height of present embodiment and earth pillar room 1 unlike embodiment one for 10~
15cm。
Embodiment three：Present embodiment and the pipe body 8 unlike embodiment one or two and lead
The material of tracheae 6 is rigid plastics.
Embodiment four：The airway tube 6 unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three
One end communicated with gas buffer room, the other end of airway tube 6 is plugged with rubber stopper 11.
Present embodiment can also also be inserted with syringe needle in the middle of rubber stopper, for being evacuated.
Embodiment five：The one of airway tube 6 unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four
End is communicated with gas buffer room 2, and the distance that the other end of airway tube 6 is above ground level is 300~400mm.
Embodiment six：Each temp probe unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to five
10 are positioned over centered on freeze thawing post radius in 0.5~2m region.
Embodiment seven：The method that present embodiment determines soil carbon loss based on in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device
Realize according to the following steps：
First, soil profile is dug before soil freezing, the earth pillar in situ of different soil is cut as soil layer unit, determines each soil
The DOC contents of layer unit；
2nd, earth pillar in situ is put into the earth pillar room of freeze thawing post, multiple temp probes pass through wire and temperature monitor phase
Connection, temp probe distribution is arranged in different soil layers, and in in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device embedment soil layer, experience one is complete
Whole freezing and thawing cycle, gas sample is collected by airway tube, determines CO2And CH4Concentration and calculate two kinds of gas CO in each soil layer2With
CH4Emission flux；
3rd, in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device is taken out after soil melts completely, gathers and determines each soil layer in earth pillar room
The DOC contents of unit；
4th, with reference to each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4Emission flux, pass through below equation calculate soil
Carbon loss C of the earth in frozen-thaw processloss, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed,
Closs=Δ DOC+ Δs CH4+ΔCO2；
Wherein, Δ DOC is the difference of Soil dissolved orgnic carbon before and after freeze thawing；
ΔCO2For whole thawing period CO2 emission general traffic；
ΔCH4For whole thawing period discharge of methane general traffic.
Temperature monitor described in present embodiment is multiple spot soil moisture recorder, and its temperature range can meet freeze thawing prison
Surveying is needed, and temperature information can be recorded automatically.
Embodiment eight：Present embodiment by TOC instrument unlike embodiment seven from determining each soil layer
The DOC contents of unit.Other steps and parameter are identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment nine：Present embodiment uses gas phase color from step 2 unlike embodiment seven or eight
Spectrometry determines CO2And CH4Concentration.Other steps and parameter are identical with embodiment seven or eight.
Embodiment ten：Step 4 unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment seven to nine passes through temperature
Degree draws soil layer freeze thawing curve map, and combines each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4Emission flux, pass through public affairs
Formula calculates carbon loss C of the soil in frozen-thaw processloss, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed, wherein soil layer freeze thawing curve map is distinguished
It is vertical using the soil depth for entering frozen state (being less than zero degree as standard using the soil moisture) using the thawing period period as abscissa
Coordinate, then using the thawing period period as abscissa, the soil layer to enter melting state (being less than zero degree as standard using the soil moisture)
Depth is ordinate, and drafting obtains freeze thawing curve map.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of embodiment seven to nine.
Present embodiment is because non-thawing period, and wetland soil also produces CO by microbiota metabolic activity2And CH4, freeze thawing song
Line defines the timing node of this assay method, can more accurately calculate carbon loss Closs.So, with reference to freeze thawing curve, by freezing
CO weekly during melting2And CH4Emission flux, calculate total emission flux Δ CO2With Δ CH4；And pass through different soil before and after freeze thawing
DOC change in concentration, calculates Δ DOC, and three's adds and (Δ CO2+ΔCH4+ Δ DOC) it is carbon loss Closs。
Embodiment one：The present invention determines the method for soil carbon loss according to the following steps based on in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device
Implement：
First, in China's river Plain, Northeast China seasonal frozen soil region, cutd open in shoveling earth before annual mid or late October soil freezing
Face, cuts 0~10cm, 10~20cm, 20~30cm, the earth pillar in situ of 30~40cm different soils as soil layer unit respectively,
The DOC contents of each soil layer unit are determined by TOC instrument；
2nd, earth pillar in situ is put into the earth pillar room of freeze thawing post, using two in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing devices, makes freeze thawing
Earth pillar room in post is in different soil, and 6 temp probes are connected by wire with multichannel temperature monitor, using 10cm as
Gap depth, probe is respectively inserted in the corresponding soil layer of upper soll layer and different depth, respectively on 10 points of 10 points of daytime and night, often
Every 12h records temperature once, in in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device embedment soil layer, a complete freezing and thawing cycle is undergone, is passed through
Airway tube collects gas sample, wherein in freezing period, extracting gas once weekly；Melt the phase, weekly extract gas twice, between
Every 3 days；In the morning 9：00-11：In 00 period, respectively at 0 moment point, every 20min, extracted respectively by airway tube each
Soil layer gas, 0~10cm (by airway tube A), 10~20cm (airway tube C), 20~30cm (airway tube B) and 30~40cm
(airway tube D), extracts 4 time points altogether, and CO is determined using gas chromatography2And CH4Concentration and calculate in the corresponding period each
Two kinds of gas CO in soil layer2And CH4Emission flux；
3rd, in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device is taken out after soil melts completely, gathers and earth pillar room is determined by TOC instrument
In each soil layer unit DOC contents；
4th, soil layer freeze thawing curve map is drawn by temperature, and combines each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4
Emission flux, by formula calculate soil frozen-thaw process carbon loss Closs, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed,
Closs=Δ DOC+ Δs CH4+ΔCO2；
Wherein, Δ DOC is the difference of Soil dissolved orgnic carbon before and after freeze thawing；
ΔCO2For whole thawing period CO2 emission general traffic；
ΔCH4For whole thawing period discharge of methane general traffic.
The present embodiment in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device earth pillar room is identical with the size of gas surge chamber, the high 100mm of cylinder,
10cm thick soil stratums are filled with internal diameter 90mm, external diameter 100mm, earth pillar room, gum cover is quality of rubber materials, in the glue above earth pillar room
15 stomatas, bore dia 5mm, to make earth pillar room and gas surge chamber gas connection are provided with the horizontal offset plate of set.Traditional carbon loss
Lose computational methods and (refer to document Bu NB, Qu JF, Li G.2015.Reclamation of coastal salt
marshes promoted carbon loss from previously-sequestered soil carbon
pool.Ecological Engineering,81:335-339), soil carbon loss C is calculatedloss, different soil is not considered more
SOC content difference, and only calculate 0~20cm of upper soll layer SOC changes of contents.Meanwhile, some research also calculates soil
Breathe CO2Emission flux, but for wetland soil, the CH produced in thawing period by anaerobic effect4Emission flux,
Compare CO on the contrary2Emission flux it is much larger, therefore CH can not be ignored4Discharge.For experiment frost zone used, pass through
Conventional method calculates frozen-thaw process soil carbon loss amount, and it is 57.23g kg before freeze thawing-1, it is 53.26g kg after freeze thawing-1, one
The soil carbon loss amount of individual freezing and thawing cycle is 3.97g kg-1, about 6.94%.Frozen using the present embodiment based on in-situ monitoring soil
Melt the method that device determines soil carbon loss, before freeze thawing, 4 floor earth pillar rooms (0~10cm, 10~20cm, 20~30cm and 30~
40cm) DOC contents are respectively 38.01mg kg-1、34.02mg kg-1、29.55mg kg-1With 26.31mg kg-1, DOC after freeze thawing
Respectively 47.67mg kg-1、40.41mg kg-1、33.43mg kg-1With 29.87mg kg-1.The internal diameter of wherein earth pillar room is
90mm, high 100mm, 4 layers of soil weight in wet base are respectively 522g, 748g, 825g and 920g, meanwhile, the CO of 4 floor earth pillar rooms2Discharge is logical
Amount is respectively 262.34g m-2/ freeze thawing season, 245.45g m-2/ freeze thawing season, 178.11g m-2/ freeze thawing season and 150.13g m-2/ freeze
Melt season, and the CH of 4 floor earth pillar rooms4Emission flux is 1630.06g m-2/ freeze thawing season, 2530.67g m-2/ freeze thawing season, 2304.44g
m-2/ freeze thawing season and 1930.676g m-2/ freeze thawing season.According to Closs=Δ DOC+ Δs CH4+ΔCO2Formula, whole soil freezing-thawing
0~40cm of mobile layer carbon loss vector ClossFor 5.46g kg-1, precision improves 37.5 percentage points.
Claims (10)
1. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device, it is characterised in that the in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device, which includes freeze thawing post, temperature, supervises
Instrument (9) and airway tube (6) are surveyed, wherein freeze thawing post is made up of gum cover (3), top cover (7), bottom (5) and multiple pipe bodies (8), glue
The vertical section for covering (3) is " H " shape, and the axis arranged superposed of multiple pipe bodies (8) forms long body, at the two ends of long body point
Not Jia Gai top cover (7) and bottom (5), be separated by by the horizontal offset plate of gum cover (3) between each pipe body (8) and be alternatively formed earth pillar room
(1) and gas surge chamber (2), multiple stomatas (3-1) are provided with gum cover (3) horizontal offset plate above earth pillar room (1), are led
One end of tracheae (6) is communicated with gas buffer room (2), and the other end of airway tube (6) is extended to more than earth's surface, multiple temp probes
(10) it is connected by wire with temperature monitor (9), each temp probe (10) is distributed in and corresponding earth pillar room (1) identical
In soil layer.
2. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the height of earth pillar room (1) is 10~
15cm。
3. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pipe body (8) and airway tube
(6) material is rigid plastics.
4. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that one end of the airway tube (6) with
Gas buffer room is communicated, and the other end of airway tube (6) is plugged with rubber stopper (11).
5. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that one end of airway tube (6) and gas
Surge chamber (2) is communicated, and the distance that the other end of airway tube (6) is above ground level is 300~400mm.
6. in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each temp probe (10) is placed
In centered on freeze thawing post radius for 0.5~2m region in.
7. determining the method for soil carbon loss based on in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
Then follow these steps to realize：
First, soil profile is dug before soil freezing, the earth pillar in situ of different soil is cut as soil layer unit, determines each soil layer list
The DOC contents of member；
2nd, earth pillar in situ is put into the earth pillar room of freeze thawing post, multiple temp probes are connected by wire with temperature monitor,
Temp probe distribution is arranged in different soil layers, in in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device embedment soil layer, undergo one it is complete
Freezing and thawing cycle, gas sample is collected by airway tube, determines CO2And CH4Concentration and calculate two kinds of gas CO in each soil layer2And CH4's
Emission flux；
3rd, in-situ monitoring soil freezing-thawing device is taken out after soil melts completely, gathers and determines each soil layer unit in earth pillar room
DOC contents；
4th, with reference to each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4Emission flux, by below equation calculate soil exist
The carbon loss C of frozen-thaw processloss, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed,
Closs=Δ DOC+ Δs CH4+ΔCO2；
Wherein, Δ DOC is the difference of Soil dissolved orgnic carbon before and after freeze thawing；
ΔCO2For whole thawing period CO2 emission general traffic；
ΔCH4For whole thawing period discharge of methane general traffic.
8. the method according to claim 7 for determining soil carbon loss, it is characterised in that each soil layer list is determined by TOC instrument
The DOC contents of member.
9. the method according to claim 7 for determining soil carbon loss, it is characterised in that step 2 uses gas chromatography
Determine CO2And CH4Concentration.
10. the method according to claim 7 for determining soil carbon loss, it is characterised in that step 4 draws soil by temperature
Layer freeze thawing curve map, and combine each soil layer DOC changes of whole thawing period and CO2And CH4Emission flux, pass through formula calculate soil
Carbon loss C of the earth in frozen-thaw processloss, the measure of soil carbon loss is completed, wherein soil layer freeze thawing curve map is respectively with thawing period
Period is abscissa, using the soil depth into frozen state as ordinate, then using the thawing period period as abscissa, to enter
The soil depth for entering melting state is ordinate, and drafting obtains freeze thawing curve map.
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| CN107356726B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Indoor simulation system for permafrost degradation process |
| CN107271473B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2023-06-30 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Indoor simulation system for influence of freeze thawing process on soil environment |
| CN107894499B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-06-19 | 内蒙古鲜农农牧业科技有限公司 | Fixed-point measuring device for soil respiration |
| CN110411897B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2022-07-15 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Gas parameter in-situ monitoring device, in-situ monitoring system and in-situ monitoring method |
| CN109884268B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-09-21 | 东北农业大学 | Non-disturbance device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing depth of frozen soil in seasons |
| CN110895275A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-03-20 | 福建农林大学 | Device and method for measuring soil respiration and water migration by simulating temperature rise rainfall |
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