CN105561347B - 血管显像增强剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种血管显像增强剂,由2.5~5.0%的生物碱,1.5~4.5%的化学渗透剂,70~85%的多元醇,10~20%的其他组分组成。所述生物碱为盐酸小檗碱、胡椒碱、青藤碱、川乌总生物碱及新乌头碱中的两种或多种,所述化学渗透剂为噻酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、丙二醇、薄荷醇中的一种或多种,所述多元醇为山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇‑400中的一种或多种。本发明的血管显像增强剂将天然生物碱促透组分与化学促透组分复合,增加了红外光对皮肤的穿透量,减少了促透时滞,在1~2分钟即可使皮肤组织获得透明效果,大大提高了红外光下血管与其周边组织的对比度,显著提高了显像的质量与精度,且不含对皮肤有致敏性或高刺激性组分,配比工艺简单,适合大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于血管显像增强剂技术领域,具体地说,是关于一种血管显像增强剂。
背景技术
近年来,随着光学诊断技术的发展和医疗无损伤治疗的需要,光学成像和激光治疗等光子技术的应用已经发展成为生物和医学研究重要热点之一。然而,生物组织所具有的混浊特性限制了光在组织中的穿透深度,使得多种光学诊断技术仅能用于浅表组织的检测。
静脉输液是一种经皮下静脉向人体输入大量无菌溶液或药物的治疗方法,利用静脉输入药物或血浆是挽救受伤人员生命的最快手段。静脉输液的首要条件就是使用针头成功进行静脉穿刺,有时提前几秒成功进行静脉穿刺也能对治疗产生决定性的影响。然而,传统的静脉穿刺手段主要依赖于医护人员的经验,即利用扎带扎住手臂并要求患者握拳以使手背静脉血管暴露出来。这种手段有很多弊端:首先受皮肤色素、血管深度、脂肪层等因素影响导致静脉显像不清晰;其次,当患者伤势严重的极端情况时,患者没有能力握拳使手背上的静脉血管暴露。而在极端情况下能否快速找到静脉血管进行输液甚至决定了是否可以挽救一个人的生命。因此,如何使静脉血管快速显示出来十分重要。
红外体表血管检测仪,是一种根据光学成像原理开发的血管显像仪器,在静脉注射或输液中有着广泛的应用。其采用特定波长的近红外光将静脉与周围组织相区别,使专业医护人员可清晰地看到患者体表的血管,不仅能提高穿刺成功率,降低患者的痛苦,也给医护人员带来便利。但由于人体皮肤的高散射性,导致红外光在皮肤组织里的穿透深度受到很大的影响,使红外成像在成像深度和精度方面受到影响,因此在红外成像的基础上,还需要借助皮肤透明剂的作用来提高成像深度和精度。
现有的透皮吸收促进剂(促透剂)大多针对离体组织开发,透明起效时间长且对皮肤具有一定的刺激性。中国专利CN201110312127.3报道了一种骨组织透明剂,采用二甲亚砜等强渗透剂作为骨组织透明组分,10分钟左右可达到良好透明效果。但二甲亚砜是一种强渗透物质,对人体皮肤具有较强的刺激性,且该专利中二甲亚砜在骨组织透明剂中的体积百分比很高,达到了40~60%,因此,限制了其不适用于广泛应用。
传统化学促透剂的促透时滞至少在一个小时以上,短时间内几乎不产生促透效果,因此很难满足红外显像需及时、快速的要求,且传统化学促透剂对皮肤具有刺激性,不适用于广泛应用。因此,开发一种血管显像增强剂,能在短时间内快速提高红外光下血管与其周边组织的对比度,提高红外线在皮肤中的穿透量、穿透深度和穿透精度,同时对皮肤的刺激性低,具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于血管显像增强剂,克服现有红外血管显像仪成像质量不高,促透时滞长的问题,能在短时间内快速提高皮肤组织的透明度,提高红外线在皮肤中的穿透量和穿透深度,从而提高血管的成像质量及精度,同时对皮肤的刺激性低。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种血管显像增强剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,由如下重量百分比的组分组成:
所述生物碱为盐酸小檗碱、胡椒碱、青藤碱、川乌总生物碱及新乌头碱中的两种或多种。
所述生物碱优选为:
胡椒碱与新乌头碱的复配,复配比例为3:1~5:1;
胡椒碱与青藤碱的复配,复配比例为3:1~5:1;
胡椒碱与盐酸小檗碱的复配,复配比例为1:1~4:1;或
胡椒碱与川乌总生物碱的复配,复配比例为1:1~4:1。
所述化学渗透剂为噻酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、丙二醇、薄荷醇中的一种或多种。
所述化学渗透剂优选为的噻酮与丙二醇或噻酮与肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的复配,复配比例为1:1~3.5:1。
所述多元醇为山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)中的一种或多种。
所述其他组分为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、葡萄糖、果糖、葡聚糖中的一种或多种。
所述血管显像增强剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将各组分按比例加入反应容器中,混合均匀,水浴加热至30℃~40℃,溶解至溶液变得澄清透亮即可。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本申请的血管显像增强剂将天然生物碱促透组分与化学促透组分复配,增加了红外光对皮肤的穿透量,促透时滞短,1~2分钟即可使皮肤组织获得透明效果,大大提高了红外光下血管与其周边组织的对比度,显著提高了血管显像的质量与精度,完全满足临床使用要求。
2)本申请的血管显像增强剂添加天然中草药提取的生物碱,与皮肤亲和性好,不含对皮肤有致敏性或高刺激性组分,适用于各种年龄段的人群使用,且其配比工艺简单,极大的拓展了化学促透组分的使用范围,对化学促透组分的进一步应用起到良好的指导作用,适合大规模工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
血管显像增强剂促透机理:
本发明所用的生物碱为天然中草药提取物,具有良好的皮肤亲和力;因结构上具有亲脂基团与亲水基团,生物碱大都具有良好的促透作用。与化学促透剂复合使用,能够快速渗透进皮肤表皮层,而不渗透进深层皮肤层,通过向折射分布不均的皮肤组织间引入高渗透、高折射率的溶液,使皮肤组织的结构发生可逆的变化,使得整个空间的折射率趋于相同,以此来降低皮肤组织对光的散射作用,同时不影响深层组织对红外观的吸收或散射作用,使血管对红外光的吸收量与其他深层生物组织对红外光的散射量都有一定量的增加,从而提高血管与其周边组织在红外光下的对比度,提高成像的质量与精确性,提高促透效果,降低促透时滞。
血管显像增强剂配方:如表1所示。
表1血管显像增强剂配方表
实施例1-6:
根据配方1-6和具体制备方法,制备得到本申请实施例1-6的血管显像增强剂。采用腹腔注射麻醉剂(2%水合氯醛和10%乌拉糖混合,1ml/100g体重)麻醉体重190~200g的大鼠,剪掉脊背部毛发,再用脱毛膏仔细脱除其余绒毛。选取大鼠背部直径1cm左右的作用区域,均匀涂抹本发明的血管显像增强剂,作用1~2分钟,然后采用可见近红外光纤光谱仪检测大鼠背部皮肤红外反射光的反射率,并与未涂抹血管显像增强剂的大鼠皮肤(空白组)进行对比来考察血管显像增强剂的效果,对比试验结果如表2所示:
表2血管显像增强剂的红外光反射率和对比度
对比试验 | 促透时滞(min) | 反射率(%) | 黑白对比度 |
空白组 | * | 85 | 250:1 |
实施例1 | 2 | 70 | 300:1 |
实施例2 | 1 | 65 | 320:1 |
实施例3 | 1.5 | 67 | 305:1 |
实施例4 | 1 | 63 | 325:1 |
实施例5 | 1.5 | 66 | 315:1 |
实施例6 | 1.5 | 68 | 303:1 |
注:*表示无促透作用。
由表2可以看出,本发明的促透时滞时间短,与未涂抹血管显像增强剂的空白组相比,作用1~2分钟后,涂抹实施例1-6的血管显像增强剂的样本的红外反射率明显下降,红外光的透过量有效增加,血管与周边基体组织的反射对比度有效增加,对比度最大增加了40%左右,有效提高了红外血管显像时的质量与精度。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对该实用进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,由如下重量百分比的组分组成:
所述其他组分为十二烷基硫酸钠、葡萄糖、果糖、葡聚糖中的一种或多种;
所述化学渗透剂为噻酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、丙二醇、薄荷醇中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,所述生物碱为盐酸小檗碱、胡椒碱、青藤碱、川乌总生物碱及新乌头碱中的两种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,所述生物碱为:
胡椒碱与新乌头碱的复配,复配比例为3:1~5:1;
胡椒碱与青藤碱的复配,复配比例为3:1~5:1;
胡椒碱与盐酸小檗碱的复配,复配比例为1:1~4:1;或
胡椒碱与川乌总生物碱的复配,复配比例为1:1~4:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,所述化学渗透剂为噻酮与丙二醇或噻酮与肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的复配,复配比例为1:1~3.5:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的血管显像增强剂,其特征在于,所述多元醇为山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇-400中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的血管显像增强剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
将各组分按比例加入反应容器中,混合均匀,水浴加热至30℃~40℃,溶解至溶液变得澄清透亮即可。
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CN1478475A (zh) * | 2003-07-07 | 2004-03-03 | 西安利君制药股份有限公司 | 盐酸青藤碱喷雾剂及其制备工艺 |
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