CN105558352B - Freshwater shrimp feed not easy to disperse in water and method for efficiently collecting residual bait of freshwater shrimps - Google Patents
Freshwater shrimp feed not easy to disperse in water and method for efficiently collecting residual bait of freshwater shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- CN105558352B CN105558352B CN201510973128.0A CN201510973128A CN105558352B CN 105558352 B CN105558352 B CN 105558352B CN 201510973128 A CN201510973128 A CN 201510973128A CN 105558352 B CN105558352 B CN 105558352B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a freshwater shrimp feed which is not easy to disperse in water and a method for efficiently collecting residual bait of freshwater shrimps, wherein the feed comprises 15-20% of corn starch, 8-12% of wheat starch, 0.5-1.5% of sodium alginate, 0.5-1.5% of guar gum and other components. According to the method for efficiently collecting the residual bait of the freshwater shrimps, the water-resistant feed is uniformly scattered on the special ingestion platform which is matched with the freshwater shrimps and capable of collecting the residual bait, the ingestion platform is slowly arranged at the bottom of the breeding device, and after the freshwater shrimps ingest for 2 hours, the ingestion platform is lifted out of the water body from the breeding device at the same speed. The invention ensures that the feed is not easy to dissolve and run off in water by determining the type and the proportion of the adhesive. On one hand, the method disclosed by the invention ensures that the feed is not easy to dissolve and run off in water, and can further improve the collection rate of residual bait; on the other hand, the residual bait collecting operation method has the advantages of less time consumption, simple operation, high collecting efficiency and the like, and can simply and conveniently feed the freshwater shrimp in the research and experiment of nutriology and efficiently collect the residual bait.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a freshwater shrimp feed which is not easy to disperse in water and a method for efficiently collecting residual bait of freshwater shrimps.
Background
The method is an essential link for developing the macrobrachium nutrition test research, and the statistics of the bait feeding amount in the whole test breeding stage usually causes larger error due to the problem of bait dispersion, thereby greatly influencing the accuracy of the test research result. After the freshwater shrimps ingest the bait, the residual bait is collected, which is not only an important source of subsequent research data in the macrobrachium shrimps nutrition test, but also an indispensable process of avoiding the pollution of the residual bait to water quality, reducing stress and diseases of the freshwater shrimps, reducing the workload of manual water change and the like in the freshwater shrimp culture process.
The general artificial matching bait is directly thrown into the culture system, and part of the bait is possibly dissolved and dispersed in water due to poor water resistance, so that on one hand, the bait for freshwater shrimps to eat is reduced, and on the other hand, the accuracy of the bait feeding quantity statistics is greatly reduced while the water quality of the shrimp culture is polluted.
After the freshwater shrimps ingest the food, the artificial dip net is adopted to carry out residual bait fishing or drain water at the bottom of the tank in the whole culture system or even collect the residual bait through the operation mode of the artificial siphon principle, which can influence the normal inhabitation of the freshwater shrimps, increase the stress of the freshwater shrimps and even cause damage to the freshwater shrimps to different degrees. The residual bait is fished by adopting a manual dip net, so that on one hand, the interference on the normal living environment of the freshwater shrimps is inevitably generated directly, and the stress is generated on the freshwater shrimps; secondly, the grazing net is carelessly used, can directly damage the freshwater shrimps and even can cause the freshwater shrimps to die; the dissolving loss of the residual bait in water is more likely to be aggravated by repeated operation. In a funnel-shaped cultivation device, the method of collecting residual baits by discharging water from the bottom of a tank is a common method. The water outlet of a common culture device is not provided with a filter screen, and the freshwater shrimps are easily and directly discharged along with water flow by adopting water discharge and pollution discharge, so that the further development of research is influenced; even if the filter screen is arranged, the meshes are too large, so that the freshwater shrimps can be discharged more easily while the residual baits are discharged; the meshes are too small, the filter screen can be blocked by residual baits and dirt in the water body, and the pollution discharge effect is further influenced; on the other hand, with the water flow, the residual bait will be destroyed or dissolved in the flowing-out process, which affects the statistical analysis of the experimental feeding amount data. The siphon method is also a common method for collecting the residual baits. The siphon method usually sucks the residual bait by means of the speed of water flow, the residual bait is easy to dissolve and lose due to water flow impact, and errors of test data are increased; meanwhile, the freshwater shrimps are easier to siphon, direct or indirect damage is generated to the freshwater shrimps, the freshwater shrimps are also subjected to stress influence and the like by large-range movement of the siphon in the culture devices, if the freshwater shrimps are collected by 36 culture devices of a whole set of culture system, the freshwater shrimps can be collected within at least 1 hour, and at least more than 50% of collected residual bait is incomplete under the impact of water flow and is dissolved in water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a freshwater shrimp bait which is not easy to dissolve and a method for efficiently collecting residual freshwater shrimp bait in order to improve the accuracy of a research result of a freshwater shrimp nutrition test aiming at the defect that the existing freshwater shrimp feed is easy to dissolve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the freshwater shrimp feed which is not easy to disperse in water is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-50% of casein, 10-15% of gelatin, 15-20% of corn starch, 8-10% of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-2% of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-16% of wheat starch, 0.5-1.5% of phospholipid oil, 3-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of soybean oil, 0.5-1.5% of sodium alginate, 0.5-1.5% of guar gum, 1-2% of vitamin premix and 8-10% of mineral premix; the freshwater shrimp feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the components, granulating and drying.
The wheat starch in the components is starch extracted from wheat, and mainly plays a role in adhesion in feed; the corn starch can ensure the carbohydrate level of the feed on one hand, and also ensure that the feed is not too viscous on the other hand, thereby improving the mouthfeel of the feed; sodium alginate is the main component of algin, is extracted from brown algae such as kelp and black vegetable, and mainly plays a role in tackifying. Guar gum is an ideal adhesive, is extracted from guar, can stabilize the bonding effect of feed and feed appearance, and improves feed taste.
The invention selects the corn starch, the wheat starch, the sodium alginate and the guar gum to be matched for use, can meet the requirement of the freshwater shrimp on the ingestion habit, can prevent the cohesive property of the feed from being too tight to influence the palatability of the feed and the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, also meets the requirement of the nutrition breeding experiment on the water resistance of the feed, has low feed coefficient and good water resistance, and can effectively reduce the loss of the feed in water and the pollution of residual feed to the water body.
A method for efficiently collecting the residual bait of freshwater shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly spreading the freshwater shrimp feed of claim 1 on a feeding table, vertically placing the feeding table at a speed of less than 0.58 m/s at the bottom in a cultivation device, and taking out the feeding table from the cultivation device after the freshwater shrimp have fed for 2 hours, wherein the speed is controlled so as not to float with water flow during moving the feeding table.
It is further characterized in that: the feeding table comprises a filter screen for placing feed, a lifting part for stably moving the feeding table, and a connecting part for connecting the filter screen and the lifting part, wherein the aperture of a sieve pore on the filter screen is 60% -80% of the diameter of the freshwater shrimp feed.
Further: ingest the platform and be the triangular prism type, including rectangular base, the rectangular base both sides are connected with the adapting unit of "V" type of falling respectively, be connected with between the summit of two adapting units and be used for the steady removal ingest the line of carrying of platform, the last fixed filter screen that is used for placing bait that is provided with of rectangular base.
A support frame for supporting the filter screen is arranged on the inner side of the rectangular base; the width of the support frame is 0.8-1.2 cm.
Preferably: the ingestion platform is made of stainless steel.
The method for efficiently collecting the residual bait of the freshwater shrimps has the advantages of being simple to operate and low in cost, and can simply and conveniently feed compound feed and accurately collect the residual bait; on the other hand, the feed disclosed by the invention is not easy to dissolve and lose, and the collection rate of residual baits can be further improved. In addition, the method can effectively reduce the pollution of bait to water quality and the stress and even direct injury to the freshwater shrimps caused by manual operation in the test process, and provides a good habitat for the freshwater shrimps in the test process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a self-contained design ingestion station according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The feeding station according to the invention is further illustrated with reference to fig. 1: ingest the platform and be the triangular prism type, including rectangular base, rectangular base is formed by four diameter being 1.5-2mm, length being 15-25 cm's 304 stainless steel solid tubes 3 welding, rectangular base inboard welding has the stainless steel side 5 that is used for supporting the filter screen, and 5 width on the side is 0.8-1.0cm, with 16~20 mesh stainless steel screen cloth 4 weld in on the stainless steel side 5, have rectangular base both sides are connected with the adapting unit 2 of "V" type respectively, be connected with between two adapting unit 2's the summit and be used for steady movement ingest the lift wire 1 of platform.
Example 1
The feed formula 1 comprises the following components: corn starch 15%, wheat starch 12%, sodium alginate 0.5%, guar gum 0.5%, other components 72% (casein 40-50%, gelatin 10-15%, microcrystalline cellulose 8-10%, carboxymethyl cellulose 1-2%, phosphatide oil 0.5-1.5%, fish oil 3-5%, soybean oil 1-3%, vitamin premix 1-2%, mineral premix 8-10%)
The raw materials are fully mixed, granulated by a small granulator and dried for 8 hours in an oven at 60 ℃. The volume weight of the feed was measured to be 1.27 g/cm3. After the bait is soaked in water for 2.5 hours, the surface of the bait has no hair or shedding phenomenon.
Method for efficiently collecting residual baits
1. Feeding: before feeding, 2 g of feed prepared by the feed formula 1 is uniformly scattered around a screen of a feeding table, a lifting line above the feeding table is slightly lifted, and the lifting line is slightly placed on the bottom of a cylinder in a breeding device. The total number of the culture devices of the culture system is 36, the water level in the device is 0.32 meter, and the feed is controlled not to float along with the water flow in the process, namely, the feeding table is vertically placed at the center position of the bottom of the cylinder at the speed of not more than 0.58 meter/second from the contact of the feeding table with the water surface in the device, and the operation speed is to ensure that the feed does not float on the screen of the feeding table.
2. After 2 hours, the feeding deck was slowly lifted up to gently lift it out of the water. Every device is according to this operation in proper order, after waiting to ingest the water droplet that platform screen cloth carried and drip, uses tweezers to live the incomplete bait on the screen cloth gently, puts it into the special collection container of incomplete bait, and this operating time of remembering is 1 minute, and it is dried 8 hours to put into 60 ℃ oven with it, weighs, calculates incomplete bait collection rate. The experimental culture system has 36 sets of culture devices, and the steps of the method are all used for 36 minutes. The method is carried out once every day for 2 hours, the water quality is stable after continuous measurement for 15 days, the residual bait collecting effect is good, and the retention rate after drying is 99.85 percent.
Example 2
The feed formula 2 comprises the following components: 12% of corn starch, 10% of wheat starch, 1.5% of sodium alginate, 1.5% of guar gum and 75% of other components (40-50% of casein, 10-15% of gelatin, 8-10% of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-2% of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1.5% of phospholipid oil, 3-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of soybean oil, 1-2% of vitamin premix and 8-10% of mineral premix).
After all the raw materials are fully mixed, the mixture is granulated by a small granulator,oven drying at 60 deg.C for 8 hr. The volume weight of the feed was measured to be 1.27 g/cm3. After the bait is soaked in water for 2.5 hours, the surface of the bait has no hair or shedding phenomenon.
Method for efficiently collecting residual baits
1. Feeding: before feeding, 3 g of bait prepared from the bait formula 2 is uniformly scattered around a screen of the feeding table, the lifting line above the feeding table is slightly lifted, and the lifting line is slightly placed on the bottom of a cylinder in the breeding device. The total number of the culture devices of the culture system is 36, the water level in the device is 0.32 meter, and the feed is controlled not to float along with the water flow in the process, namely, the feeding table is vertically placed at the center position of the bottom of the cylinder at the speed of not more than 0.58 meter/second from the contact of the feeding table with the water surface in the device, and the operation speed is to ensure that the feed does not float on the screen of the feeding table.
2. After 2 hours, the feeding deck was slowly lifted up to gently lift it out of the water. After water drops carried by the screen of the ingestion platform drip, the residual baits on the screen are gently nipped by the tweezers and placed into the special residual bait collecting container, the operation time of the step is 54 seconds, the residual baits are placed into a 60 ℃ oven to be dried for 8 hours, and the residual bait collecting rate is calculated after weighing. The experimental culture system has 36 sets of culture devices, and the total time of the steps of the method is 32.4 minutes. The method is carried out once every day for 2 hours, the water quality is stable after continuous measurement for 15 days, the residual bait collecting effect is good, and the retention rate after drying is 99.90 percent.
Claims (1)
1. The freshwater shrimp feed which is not easy to disperse in water is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 12% of corn starch, 10% of wheat starch, 1.5% of sodium alginate, 1.5% of guar gum and 75% of other components; the other components comprise 40-50% of casein, 10-15% of gelatin, 8-10% of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-2% of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1.5% of phospholipid oil, 3-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of soybean oil, 1-2% of vitamin premix and 8-10% of mineral premix; the freshwater shrimp feed residual bait is collected by the following method: (1) feeding: before feeding, uniformly scattering 3 g of bait made of freshwater shrimp feed around a screen of a feeding table, slightly lifting a lifting line above the feeding table, and slightly placing the lifting line on a cylinder bottom in a culture device, wherein the total number of the culture device of the culture system is 36, the water level in the culture device is 0.32 m, the feed is controlled not to float along with water flow in the process, namely the feeding table is vertically placed at the center of the cylinder bottom at the speed of not more than 0.58 m/s from the water level in the contact device of the feeding table, and the operation speed is used for ensuring that the feed does not float on the screen of the feeding table; (2) after 2 hours, slowly lifting the lifting line of the feeding platform, slightly lifting the lifting line out of the water surface, after water drops carried by a screen of the feeding platform drop, slightly clamping the residual baits on the screen by using forceps, putting the residual baits into a special residual bait collecting container, wherein the operation time of the step is 54 seconds, putting the residual baits into a 60 ℃ oven for drying for 8 hours, weighing, calculating the residual bait collecting rate, and the total culture system comprises 36 sets of culture devices, wherein the total time of the steps is 32.4 minutes, the residual baits are measured once every day and 2 hours, and after 15 days of continuous measurement, the retention rate is measured after the residual baits are dried and 99.90 percent.
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| CN107348247A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽鸿运生态农业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of grit shrimp feed |
| CN107691879A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-16 | 安徽鸿运生态农业有限公司 | A kind of river prawn feed |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101248844A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-27 | 华中师范大学 | Feed formula promoting freshwater crayfish upgrowth and increasing fecundity |
| CN202476275U (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-10-10 | 上海海洋大学 | Buoyant bait platform used for grass carp breeding |
| CN103431244A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 华中师范大学 | Vitamin feed and additive capable of improving immunity of procambarus clarkia larvae |
| CN104026413A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-10 | 武汉轻工大学 | Special slow sinking type feed for bighead and preparation process of feed |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101248844A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-27 | 华中师范大学 | Feed formula promoting freshwater crayfish upgrowth and increasing fecundity |
| CN202476275U (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-10-10 | 上海海洋大学 | Buoyant bait platform used for grass carp breeding |
| CN103431244A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 华中师范大学 | Vitamin feed and additive capable of improving immunity of procambarus clarkia larvae |
| CN104026413A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-10 | 武汉轻工大学 | Special slow sinking type feed for bighead and preparation process of feed |
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