CN105555903A - 使用表面改性处理剂抑制金属表面上结垢的方法 - Google Patents
使用表面改性处理剂抑制金属表面上结垢的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105555903A CN105555903A CN201480051431.9A CN201480051431A CN105555903A CN 105555903 A CN105555903 A CN 105555903A CN 201480051431 A CN201480051431 A CN 201480051431A CN 105555903 A CN105555903 A CN 105555903A
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- treatment agent
- metal
- flow duct
- acid
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- E21B41/02—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/16—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/524—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning organic depositions, e.g. paraffins or asphaltenes
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/528—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/605—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing biocides
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
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Abstract
在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上的污染物导致的结垢可以通过向该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上施用包含疏水性尾部和锚的处理剂来抑制。该锚将处理剂连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上。
Description
本申请要求2013年9月20日提交的美国专利申请序列号61/880,833和2013年9月20日提交的美国专利申请序列号61/880,835的权益,其都在此以它们整体引入。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种通过在金属管、流动管道或容器表面上施用具有锚和疏水性尾部的处理剂,来抑制在从地下储层生产流体过程中该金属管、流动管道或容器上结垢的方法。
发明背景
从地下储层生产的流体通常是材料例如脂族烃、芳族烃、杂原子分子、阴离子和阳离子盐、酸、砂、淤泥和粘土的复杂混合物。这些流体的性质,与它们经常经历的热、压力和紊流的苛刻条件相组合,是地下储层中的污染物例如污垢、盐、石蜡、腐蚀物、沥青质和细菌的形成和沉积的构成因素。具体地,这种污染物沉积在烃生产井和非烃生产井中所用的装置和流动管道上。
在这种处理过程中金属表面的腐蚀是一个突出的问题,这体现在金属的表面凹痕、脆变和损失。例如,在这种井增产技术如浸酸、酸洗、基质酸化和酸裂化中,处理流体的酸性性质导致井中的生产或修井管道遭遇到相当大的酸腐蚀。
此外,含水流体例如用于钻井和完井的那些具有高的盐含量,其导致腐蚀。金属表面暴露到的气体例如二氧化碳和硫化氢也产生了高酸性环境。例如,在气流加工过程中,在流动管线中可以看见来自于盐水和硫化氢的腐蚀效应。甲醇的存在(其经常添加到这种流体中以防止形成不期望的水合物)经常进一步增加了金属表面的腐蚀倾向。
此外,天然存在的和合成的气体经常通过用吸收性酸性气体、二氧化碳、硫化氢和氰化氢处理来调节。吸收剂和酸性组分的降解以及副产物的产生(来自酸性组分与吸收剂的反应)导致金属表面的腐蚀。
污垢和沥青质的沉积进一步产生问题,因为它们降低了井生产率和缩短了生产装置的寿命。为了从井中和装置中清洁这种沉积物,必需停产,这是耗时和昂贵的。
在这种油田处理方法中相当普遍的是使用处理剂来抑制或防止形成这种污染物。但是,许多常规的抑制剂对于用于油田处理方法来说变得不可接受,这归因于已经实施的环保措施。已经寻找替代的解决方案来抑制这种污染物的形成。
应当理解的是,提供上述讨论仅用于说明性目的,并非打算限制所附权利要求书书的范围或主题或者任何相关的专利申请或专利的范围或主题。因此,所附权利要求书或者任何相关申请或专利的权利要求书不应当受限于上面的讨论,或者仅因为此处提及了它们而解释为具有、包括或排除上述特征或缺点中的每一个或任一个。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了一种抑制在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上污染物导致的结垢的方法。该方法包括在该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物上引入表面改性处理剂。该表面改性处理具有疏水性尾部和用于将该表面改性处理连接到金属氧化物上的锚。该表面改性处理的锚连接到该金属氧化物的至少一部分上。污染物在该管、流动管道或容器上的聚集通过将能够使这种污染物结垢的流体暴露于疏水性尾部来抑制。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上污染物导致的结垢的方法。该方法包括在该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物上引入表面改性处理剂。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物。该疏水性尾部远离该金属氧化物定向。该锚连接到该金属氧化物的至少一部分上。该管、流动管道或容器上的来自流体的污染物的结垢通过将该流体暴露于该疏水性尾部而抑制。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污染物在用于地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上结垢的方法。该方法包括在该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物上引入表面改性处理剂。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚是含金属的络合物,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。该锚连接到该金属氧化物的至少一部分上。该管、流动管道或容器上的来自流体的污染物的结垢通过将该流体暴露于该疏水性尾部而抑制。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污染物在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上结垢的方法。在该方法中,将表面改性处理剂泵入地下地层中。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该表面改性处理剂的锚连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上的金属氧化物上。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在该管、流动管道或容器的表面上的沉积。
在另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污染物在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上形成结垢的方法,其中首先将表面改性处理剂泵入该地下储层中。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物。该表面改性处理剂的锚然后连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上的金属氧化物上。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制了来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污染物在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上结垢的方法,其中首先将表面改性处理剂泵入该地下储层中。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部,其中该锚是含金属的络合物,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。该表面改性处理剂的锚然后连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上的金属氧化物上。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制了来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污染物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法。在该方法中,将底漆施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器的至少一部分上。该底漆在该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面的至少一部分上形成涂层。表面改性处理剂然后施用到该涂层上。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该涂层具有用于锚的反应性位置。该表面改性处理剂的锚键合到该反应性位置的至少一部分上。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在另一实施方案中,公开了一种抑制污染物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法,其中首先将底漆施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器上,以在该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面的至少一部分上形成涂层。然后将具有锚和疏水性尾部的表面改性处理剂施用到该涂层。该锚是有机磷衍生物。该表面改性处理剂的锚键合到涂层上的反应性位置。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在另一实施方案中,公开了一种抑制污染物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法,其中首先将底漆施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器上,以在该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面的至少一部分上形成涂层。然后将具有锚和疏水性尾部的表面改性处理剂施用到该涂层。该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。该表面改性处理剂的锚连接到涂层上的反应性位置。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法。该管、流动管道或容器包含合金钢或碳钢。在该实施方案中,该合金钢或碳钢用底漆处理以在表面上赋予反应性官能团。然后将井流体泵入该井中。该流体具有表面改性处理剂。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚结合到合金钢或碳钢上的反应性官能团。该疏水性尾部不直接连接到该合金钢或碳钢。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法。该管、流动管道或容器包含合金钢或碳钢。该合金钢或碳钢用底漆处理以在该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上赋予反应性官能团。然后将包含表面改性处理剂的流体泵入该井中。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该表面改性处理剂的锚是有机含磷酸衍生物。该有机磷衍生物结合到该合金钢或碳钢上的反应性官能团。该疏水性尾部不直接连接到该合金钢或碳钢。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法。该管、流动管道或容器包含合金钢或碳钢。该合金钢或碳钢用底漆处理以在该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上赋予反应性官能团。然后将包含表面改性处理剂的流体泵入该井中。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚包含金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。该锚结合到该合金钢或碳钢上的反应性官能团。该疏水性尾部不直接连接到该合金钢或碳钢。当流体暴露于表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部时,抑制来自于该流体的污染物在管、流动管道或容器表面上的沉积。
在另一实施方案中,提供了一种在从井中生产油或气的过程中,抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在金属管、流动管道或容器表面上沉积的方法。然后将具有锚和含氟的疏水性尾部的表面改性处理剂施用到该涂层的至少一部分上。该锚连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上的金属氧化物。井内流体暴露于疏水性尾部,其不直接连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器。由此防止污染物从该流体沉积到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种在从井中生产油或气的过程中,抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在金属管、流动管道或容器表面上沉积的方法。在该方法中,将表面改性处理剂施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和疏水性尾部。该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。该锚连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上的金属氧化物。当暴露于疏水性尾部时,抑制井内的污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐和细菌沉积到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上。
在另一实施方案中,提供了一种在从井中生产油或气的过程中,抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在金属管、流动管道或容器表面上沉积的方法。在该方法中,将表面改性处理剂施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上。该表面改性处理剂具有锚和含氟的疏水性尾部。该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物。该疏水性尾部不直接连接到该金属管、流体管道或容器的表面。该有机磷衍生物连接到该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上的金属氧化物。当暴露于疏水性尾部时,抑制井内的污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐和细菌沉积到该金属管、流动管道或容器表面上。
具体实施方式
通过考虑以下的本发明示例性实施方案的详细说明和参考附图,本发明的特征和优点和另外的特征和益处将对于本领域技术人员是明显的。应当理解,此处的说明书和附图是示例性实施方案,并非打算限制本专利或者要求其优先权的任何专利或专利申请的权利要求书。相反,本发明将覆盖落入权利要求书主旨和范围内的全部改变、等价物和替代物。可以对此处公开的具体实施方案和细节进行许多改变,而不脱离这种主旨和范围。
此处和所附权利要求书中所用的某些术语可以指的是具体的组分、加工步骤或井处理操作。如本领域技术人员将理解的,不同的人可以用不同的名字来提及组分、加工步骤或井处理操作。本文不打算区分区别只是在于名称而非功能或操作的组分、加工步骤或井处理操作。同样,术语“包括”和“包含”是以开放方式用于此处和所附权利要求书中,因此应当解释为表示“包括,但不限于……”。此外,在此和在所附权利要求书中提及的单数含义的组分和方面不必将本发明或所附权利要求书限制于仅一个这种组分或方面,而应当通常解释为表示一种或多种,如在每个具体情况中合适的和期望的那样。
本发明的优选实施方案因此提供了优于现有技术的优点,并且特别适于进行本发明的一个或多个目标。但是,本发明不需要上述每个组分和作用,并且绝不限于上述实施方案或操作方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种使用表面改性处理剂来抑制污染物在位于地下储层内或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的管、流动管道或容器的金属表面上沉积或聚集的方法。该流动管道可以是表面管线或流动管线。该方法可以用于抑制位于动态(onthefly)容器上的沉积或聚集。该方法可以进一步用于抑制污染物在用于炼厂和流体加工设施的流动管道和容器上的沉积或聚集。
此处提及的地下储层可以是烃生产井或者非烃生产井。例如,该地下储层可以是产气井、产油井、地热井、煤层甲烷井或注水井。
该表面改性处理剂可以在该管、流动管道或容器进入地下储层之前,施用到该管、流动管道或容器的金属表面上,虽然典型地在将管、流动管道或容器置于储层内之后,才将该表面改性处理剂泵入储层中。
该管、流动管道或容器的表面典型地包含金属例如碳钢或高合金钢,包括铬钢、双相钢、不锈钢、马氏体合金钢、铁素体合金钢、奥氏体不锈钢、沉淀硬化不锈钢或高镍含量钢。
该表面改性处理剂包含锚和疏水性尾部。该锚用于将该疏水性尾部键合到金属基底上的反应性基团上。在一个优选实施方案中,该疏水性尾部不直接键合、连接或固定到该金属基底或该金属基底上的反应性基团。该表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部仅通过锚间接连接到该基底。该疏水性尾部典型地取向为远离该金属表面。该疏水性尾部据信促进了储层内的含水流体远离该管、流动管道或容器的金属表面移动。这可归因于疏水性尾部赋予该金属表面的润湿性的改变。
该表面改性处理剂在金属管、流动管道或容器上的厚度典型地是约2-约40纳米。虽然不受限于任何具体理论,但是据信在固体颗粒(例如该管、管道或容器上的氧化物的金属)和表面改性处理剂的锚之间形成了共价键。
该表面改性处理剂当通过金属氧化物连接到该管、管道或容器上时是高度稳定的。抑制该金属表面上由污染物导致的结垢在结合表面改性处理剂的延长的寿命内始终存在。
该表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部排斥储层内的含水流体,远离该管、流动管道或容器的金属基底。降低了含有污染物的含水流体与该管、流动管道或容器的金属基底之间的直接接触时间。
虽然该表面改性处理剂的尾部表现出疏水特性,但是它也会表现出疏油性。所以,该表面改性处理剂可以被认为是疏水疏油的(omniphobic)。
该表面改性处理剂还可以用于被动抑制、控制或防止污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐或细菌(需氧的和厌氧的)和其他微生物在金属基底上的沉积或聚集。(作为此处使用的,术语“抑制”应当包括控制或防止污染物在金属基底上沉积或聚集)。这种抑制可以归因于该表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部,其使得污染物粘附到储层内的管、流动管道或容器的金属基底上的能力最小或降低。
此外,污垢沉积的抑制可以归因于这种矿物如钙、钡、镁盐等包括硫酸钡、硫酸钙和碳酸钙以及金属硫化物如硫化锌、硫化铁等的疏水性。
该复合物的疏水性尾部的大体积性质进一步可以帮助、防止或控制有机颗粒在金属基底上的沉积。
当粘附到金属基底时,金属,特别是铁和亚铁基金属的腐蚀效应可以依靠该表面改性处理剂的疏水性来抑制或防止。
该表面改性处理剂可以进一步起到被动抗菌功能,以对抗主要由地层水中或者注入地层中的流体内的氮和/或磷所引起的细菌生长。该表面改性处理的疏水性尾部可以从金属表面排斥流体,因此降低了该流体在金属表面上的接触时间。这防止了需氧细菌、厌氧细菌和其他微生物的聚集。
在一个优选实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂的锚可以是有机含磷酸衍生物,其具有连接到该锚的疏水性基团。在另一优选实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂的锚可以是金属,该疏水性尾部可以是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。
有机磷作为锚
构成表面改性处理剂的锚的有机含磷酸衍生物可以来源于有机磷酸、有机膦酸或有机次膦酸。该锚的有机基团可以是单体或聚合物。
单体磷酸衍生物的例子是具有结构(RO)x-P(O)-(OR')y的化合物或化合物的混合物,其中x是1-2,y是1-2,和x+y=3;R优选是具有总共1-30,优选2-20,更优选6-18个碳的基团;R'是H,金属例如碱金属如钠或钾,或者具有1-4个碳的低级烷基如甲基或乙基。优选一部分R'是H。该磷酸的有机组分(R)可以是饱和的或不饱和的脂族基团,或者可以是芳基或芳基取代的结构部分。至少一个该有机基团可以包含端部或ω官能团,如下所述。
单体膦酸衍生物的例子包括具有下式的化合物或化合物的混合物:
其中a是0-1,b是1,c是1-2,和a+b+c是3;R和R”优选各自独立地是具有总共1-30,优选2-20,更优选6-18个碳的基团;R'是H,金属例如碱金属如钠或钾,或者具有1-4个碳的低级烷基如甲基或乙基。优选至少一部分R'是H。该膦酸的有机组分(R和R”)可以是饱和的或不饱和的脂族基团或者芳基或芳基取代的结构部分。至少一个该有机基团可以包含端部或ω官能团,如下所述。
单体次膦酸衍生物的例子是具有下式的化合物或化合物的混合物:
其中d是0-2,e是0-2,f是1,和d+e+f是3;R和R”优选各自独立地是具有总共1-30,优选2-20个碳原子,更优选6-18个碳的基团;R'是H,金属例如碱金属如钠或钾,或者具有1-4个碳的低级烷基如甲基或乙基。优选一部分R'是H。该次膦酸的有机组分(R、R”)可以是饱和的或不饱和的脂族基团或者是芳基或芳基取代的结构部分。可以包含R和R”的有机基团的例子包括长链和短链脂族烃、芳族烃和取代的脂族烃和取代的芳族烃。
至少一个该有机基团可以进一步包含一种或多种端部或ω官能团,其是疏水性的。端部或ω官能团的例子包括羧基例如羧酸、羟基、氨基、亚氨基、酰胺、硫和膦酸、氰基、磺酸酯、碳酸酯和混合取代基。
有机含磷酸衍生物的代表是氨基三亚甲基膦酸、氨基苄基膦酸、3-氨基丙基膦酸、邻氨基苯基膦酸、4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、氨基苯基膦酸、氨基膦丁酸、氨基丙基膦酸、二苯甲基膦酸、苄基膦酸、丁基膦酸、羧乙基膦酸、二苯基次膦酸、十二烷基膦酸、亚乙基二膦酸、十七烷基膦酸、甲基苄基膦酸、萘基甲基膦酸、十八烷基膦酸、辛基膦酸、戊基膦酸、苯基次膦酸、苯基膦酸、苯乙烯膦酸和十二烷基双-1,12-膦酸。
除了单体有机含磷酸衍生物之外,可以使用由各自的单体酸自缩合所形成的低聚或聚合有机含磷酸衍生物。
该表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部可以是含氟结构部分。在一个实施方案中,该含氟结构部分是Rf-(CH2)p-,其中Rf是全氟化烷基或者包含全氟化亚烷基醚基团,和p是2-4,优选2。
典型地,该含氟结构部分的数均分子量小于2000。
用于该含氟结构部分的全氟化基团的例子是以下结构的那些:
其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,和n是1-6。
一种优选的低聚或全氟亚烷基醚基团是其中R和/或R”是以下结构的基团:
其中A是氧基团或化学键例如CF2;n是1-20,优选1-6;Y是H、F、CnH2n+1或CnF2n+1;b是至少1,优选2-10,m是0-50,和p是1-20。
在一个优选实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂是式Rf-(CH2)p-Z,其中Z(连接位置)是H、F或酸衍生物,该疏水性尾部(键合到该连接位置)是Rf-(CH2)p-结构部分,其中Rf是全氟化烷基或者包含上述全氟化亚烷基醚基团,和p是2-4,优选2。
在一个实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂是式Rf-(CH2)p-Z,其中Z是:
其中R和R”是具有至多200,例如1-30和6-20个碳的烃或取代的烃基,R和R”也可以包括上述全氟烷基,和R'是H,金属例如钾或钠或者胺或者脂族基团,例如具有1-50个碳的烷基,包括取代的烷基,优选具有1-4个碳的低级烷基例如甲基或乙基,或者具有6-50个碳的芳基,包括取代的芳基。
在一个实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂是式CF3(CnF2n)CH2CH2PO3H2,其中n是3-5,或者CF3(CF2)xO(CF2CF2)y-CH2CH2-PO3H2,其中x是0-7,y是1-20,和x+y小于或等于27。
虽然不受限于任何理论,但是据信通过打断有机磷的P=O键来形成M-O-P共价桥,从而在该管、管道或容器的氧化物的金属与表面改性处理剂的锚之间形成共价键。
有机硅和/或氟化烃作为锚
该表面改性处理剂的锚可以是金属。例如,该锚可以是第3、4、5或6族的金属。在一个优选实施方案中,该金属是第4族金属例如Ti、Zr或Hf,第5族金属例如Ta或Nb,第6族金属例如W,或者镧系金属例如La。
该表面改性处理剂的疏水性尾部可以是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者疏水性有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。
该表面改性处理剂可以表示为式X-M,其中M是含金属的有机配体,X是疏水性尾部,其表示为含有机硅的材料、氟化烃或者含有机硅的材料和氟化烃的组合。
该表面改性处理剂的尾部可以对齐,以使得该处理剂的疏水性远离该锚来赋予。
该表面改性处理剂可以通过使含金属的有机配体与含有机硅的材料和/或氟化烃基反应来形成。
该含金属的有机配体可以通过使金属化合物例如金属卤化物如TaCl5与含氧配体反应来形成。连接到该金属的含氧配体的数目通常等于金属原子的化合价。因此,取决于过渡金属在周期表上的位置,该含金属的有机配体可以具有2-6个有机配体基团。
在一个实施方案中,该含金属的有机配体的配体包含醇化物或酯。合适的有机金属衍生物包括C1-C18醇化物,优选含有2-8个碳原子的醇化物例如乙醇盐、丙醇盐、异丙醇盐、丁醇盐、异丁醇盐和叔丁醇盐的金属衍生物。例如,该含金属的有机配体可以是过渡金属四醇化物,例如四叔丁氧化锆。
该醇化物可以为简单酯形式和烷氧基化物和酯以及不同的螯合物和络合物的聚合物形式。例如,使用金属Ta时,该简单酯可以是Ta(OR)5,其中R是C1-C18烷基。聚合物酯可以获自烷基酯的缩合,并且可以具有结构RO--[Ta(OR)3-O-]x--R,其中R是上面定义的,和x是正整数。
此外,当金属是钛或锆时,该醇化物可以包括例如:
(a)具有通式M(OR)4的烷氧基化物,其中M选自Ti和Zr,和R是C1-18烷基;
(b)聚合物烷基钛酸酯和锆酸酯,其可以通过(a)的烷氧基化物,即通式RO[-M(OR)2O-]x-1R的部分水解的烷氧基化物,缩合来获得,其中M和R是上面定义的,和x是正整数;
(c)钛螯合物,其衍生自正钛酸和多官能醇(其含有能够为钛供应电子的一种或多种另外的羟基、卤素、酮基、羧基或氨基)。这些螯合物的例子是具有通式Ti(O)a(OH)b(OR')c(XY)d的那些,其中a=4-b-c-d;b=4-a-c-d;c=4-a-b-d;d=4-a-b-c;R'是H,上面定义的R或X-Y,其中X是给电子基团例如氧或氮,Y是具有2或3个碳原子链的脂族基团,例如:
(i)-CH2CH2-,例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺,或者
(ii)乳酸,
(iii)乙酰基丙酮烯醇形式,和
(iv)1,3-辛二醇,
(d)通式Ti(OCOR)4-n(OR)n的丙烯酸钛,其中R是同上的C1-18烷基,n是整数1-3,及其聚合物形式,或者
(e)其混合物。
乙酰丙酮化物、烷醇胺、乳酸酯和卤化物例如氯化物也可以用作该含氧的有机配体的配体。另外,该含氧的配体可以包含选自醇化物、乙酰丙酮化物、烷醇胺、乳酸酯和卤化物的配体的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,该含有机硅的材料可以是硅烷、聚硅氧烷或者聚硅氮烷。
含有机硅的材料的例子是式R1 4-xSiAx或(R1 3Si)yB的那些以及含有下式的单元的有机(聚)硅氧烷和有机(聚)硅氮烷:
其中R1可以相同或不同,并且是含有1-100,例如1-20个碳原子和1-12,优选1-6个碳原子的烃基,R3可以是氢或者具有1-12,优选1-6个碳原子的烃或取代的烃。另外,R1可以是取代的烃基例如卤代,特别是氟取代的烃基。该有机(聚)硅氧烷可以进一步包含下式的另外的单元:R5 2SiO2,其中R5是卤素例如氯或氟取代基。
在一个实施方案中,该含有机硅的化合物可以是数均分子量为至少400,通常1000-5,000,000的有机(聚)硅氧烷或有机(聚)硅氮烷。
在R1 4-xSiAx中的取代基A可以是氢、卤素例如氯、OH、OR2或者
其中上面的结构式中的B可以是NR3 3-y,R2是含有1-12,典型地1-4个碳原子的烃或取代的烃基。R3是氢或者具有与R1相同的含义,x是1、2或3,y是1或2。
优选R1是氟取代的烃。优选的这种氟取代的烃是下面结构的那些:
其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,n是1-6;R2是含有1-4个碳原子的烷基,p是0-18。同样,氟取代的烃可以是下面的结构:
其中A是氧基团或化学键;n是1-6,y是F或CnF2n;b是至少1,例如2-10;m是0-6,p是0-18。
优选的有机硅材料包括卤代硅氧烷,卤代烷氧基硅氧烷,例如全氟烷氧基硅氧烷(PFOSi),烷氧基卤代烷氧基硅烷,例如烷氧基全氟烷氧基硅烷;烷氧基乙酰丙酮化物卤代聚硅氧烷,例如烷氧基乙酰丙酮化物-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,烷氧基-烷基甲硅烷基卤化物;聚烷基硅氧烷,例如聚二甲基硅氧烷,和烷氧基乙酰丙酮化物-聚烷基硅氧烷,例如烷氧基乙酰丙酮化物(acac)聚二甲基硅氧烷。示例性的表面改性处理剂包括卤化钽-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,例如TaCl5:PFOSi;烷氧基钽-全氟烷氧基硅烷;烷氧基乙酰基丙酮酸钽-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,如Ta(EtO)4acac:PFOSi;烷氧基-烷基甲硅烷基卤化钽;卤化钽-聚烷基硅氧烷,如TaCl5:PDMS;醇化铌-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,例如Nb(EtO)5:PFOSi和Ta(EtO)5:PFOSi;醇化钛-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,如Ti(n-BuO)4:PFOSi;醇化锆-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷;醇化镧-全氟烷氧基硅烷,如La(iPrO)3:PFOSi;氯化钨-全氟烷氧基硅氧烷,如WCl6:PFOSi;醇化钽-聚烷基硅氧烷,如Ta(EtO)5:PDMS;和烷氧基乙酰基丙酮酸钽-聚烷基硅氧烷,如Ta(EtO)4acac:PDMS。
在一个实施方案中,该氟化烃是Rf-(CH2)p-X,其中Rf是全氟化烃基,其包括氧取代的烃基,例如全氟化烷基或全氟化亚烷基醚基团,和p是0-18,优选0-4,和X是极性基团例如羧基如结构–(C=O)-OR;和R是氢,全氟烷基,烷基或取代的烷基,其含有1-50个碳原子。
全氟烷基的例子是结构F-(CFY-CF2)m的那些,其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,和n是1-6。
全氟亚烷基醚基团的例子是以下结构的那些:
其中A是氧基团或化学键;n是1-6,Y是F或CnF2n;b是2-20,m是0-6,和p是0-18,优选2-4,和更优选2。
优选的氟化材料是全氟化醇的酯,例如结构F-(CFY-CF2)m-CH2-CH2-OH的醇,其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,和n是1-6。
进一步优选作为氟化烃的是结构Rf-(CH2)p-X的全氟化烃,其中Rf是全氟亚烷基醚基团或全氟化烷基例如上述那些,p是0-18,优选0-4的整数,和X是羧基,优选在与酯键相连的烷基中含有1-50,优选2-20个碳原子的羧酸酯基团。
进一步优选作为氟化烃的是结构Rf-(CH2)p-Z的全氟化烃,其中Rf和p是上面定义的,优选Rf是全氟亚烷基醚基团例如上述那些,和p是2-4,和Z是含磷酸基团。含磷酸基团的例子是:
其中R”是具有至多200,例如1-30和6-20个碳的烃或取代的烃基,R”还可以包括上述全氟烷基,和R'是H,金属例如钾或钠或者胺或者脂族基团,例如具有1-50个碳的烷基,包括取代的烷基,优选具有1-4个碳的低级烷基例如甲基或乙基,或者具有6-50个碳的芳基,包括取代的芳基。
优选该含磷酸是式II,其中R和R'是H。
制备该表面改性处理剂的适宜方法(其中该含金属的有机配体的有机部分与含有机硅的材料或氟化烃基具有反应性)公开在美国专利7,879,437和8,067,103中。在一个实施方案中,例如该有机金属化合物的有机部分可以选自那些基团,其可以与全氟亚烷基醚的酸(或它们的衍生物)是反应性的。
作为例子,该表面改性处理剂可以如下来制备:将含金属的有机配体与含硅材料或氟化烃在封闭系统中混合,以避免该反应物水解。反应可以纯净进行或者在非反应性溶剂例如氯化或氟化溶剂例如二氯甲烷存在下进行。热可以用于引发和完成该反应。溶剂可以通过蒸发除去,并且反应产物可以再溶解在合适的溶剂例如醇如乙醇或丙醇中,以施用到基底。含有机硅的材料与含金属的有机配体的摩尔比典型地是100:1-1:100,优选1:1-10:1,取决于该含金属的有机配体的金属的化合价。例如,有机硅化合物与Ta(V)的摩尔比典型地是5-1。
在一个实施方案中,该表面改性处理剂可以表示为式Xa(OR)bM,其中OR是C1-C18醇化物,X是用有机硅材料或氟化烃表示的疏水性尾部,M是该含金属的有机配体的金属,和a+b等于M的化合价,并且进一步其中a和b均不是0。
在一个示例性实施方案中,该表面改性剂可以通过有机硅化合物例如有机硅烷或聚硅氧烷与含金属的有机配体例如衍生的醇化物反应来形成。该含金属的有机配体的金属共价结合到有机硅化合物,以形成锚和疏水性尾部。
该表面改性处理剂的锚在金属基底上的连接位置通常是反应性官能团。该金属基底上的反应性基团通常是金属氧化物。
该金属氧化物也可以通过施涂底漆,以施用到该管、流动管道或容器的金属表面上。该底漆当涂覆于基底上时可以包含金属氧化物或者可以通过接触形成金属氧化物。虽然可以将该底漆与表面改性处理剂混合,并且将该混合物同时施用到基底,但是更优选首先施涂底漆,然后在形成反应性官能团后施涂该表面改性处理剂。
该底漆可以通过常规手段施涂到金属基底,例如浸涂如浸渍、辊涂或喷涂以形成涂层。使稀释剂蒸发。这可以通过加热到50-200℃来完成。
在一个优选实施方案中,含有有机金属材料的流体可以用于赋予金属基底以反应性官能团。这种官能团可以与表面改性处理剂的锚具有反应性。
这种有机金属化合物包括衍生自过渡金属的那些,例如第IIIB族金属或者选自第IVB、VB和VIB族的过渡金属。优选的过渡金属是钛、锆、镧、铪、钽和钨。
该有机金属的有机部分可以包含醇化物和/或卤化物。合适的醇化物基团的例子是含有1-18个碳原子,优选2-8个碳原子的那些,例如乙醇盐、丙醇盐、异丙醇盐、丁醇盐、异丁醇盐和叔丁醇盐。合适的卤化物的例子是氟化物和氯化物。还可以存在的其他配体是乙酰丙酮化物。
合适的有机金属化合物可以是酯和酯的聚合物形式,其包括:
i.具有通式M(OR)4的钛和锆的烷氧基化物,其中M选自Ti和Zr,和R是C1-18烷基;
ii.具有通式(X)4-y-M(OR)y的钛和锆的烷基酯,其中M选自Ti和Zr;X选自氟和氯;R是C1-18烷基,和y=2至3;
iii.聚合物烷基钛酸酯和锆酸酯,其可以通过(a)的烷基酯,即通式RO[-M(OR)(X)O--]yR的部分水解的烷基酯缩合来获得,其中M、R和X如上面定义,和y是正整数;
iv.钛螯合物,其衍生自正钛酸和多官能化醇(其含有能够为钛供应电子的一种或多种另外的羟基、卤素、酮基、羧基或氨基)。这些螯合物的例子是具有通式Ti(O)a(OH)b(OR')c(XY)d的那些,其中a=4-b-c-d;b=4-a-c-d;c=4-a-b-d;d=4-a-b-c;R'是H,如上面定义的R或X-Y,其中X是给电子基团例如氧或氮,和Y是具有2或3个碳原子链的脂族基团,例如:
(a)-CH2CH2-,例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺,或者
(b)乳酸,
(c)乙酰基丙酮烯醇形式,和
(d)1,3-辛二醇,
v.通式Ti(OCOR)4-n(OR)n的丙烯酸钛,其中R是同上的C1-18烷基,n是整数1-3,及其聚合物形式,或者
vi.(a)和(b)的混合物。
该有机金属化合物通常溶解或分散在稀释剂中。合适的稀释剂的例子是醇例如甲醇、乙醇和丙醇,脂族烃例如己烷、异辛烷和癸烷,醚例如四氢呋喃和二烷基醚例如二乙基醚。可选地,该有机金属化合物可以通过气相沉积技术施用到固体微粒。
该有机金属化合物在组合物中的浓度不是特别关键的,但是通常是至少0.001mmol,典型地0.01-100mmol,和更典型地0.1-50mmol。
另外,金属氧化物可以由氧化物从溶液中沉淀,以沉积到金属表面上。
另外,该金属氧化物可以形成于金属表面上,例如通过腐蚀或者这种环境因素如空气或水。此外,该金属氧化物可以通过储层内的污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质或盐的沉淀或形成而沉积到金属表面上。将该表面改性处理剂施用到该管、流动管道或容器的金属表面上抑制了这种沉积物进一步的沉淀或形成。
该表面改性处理剂可以溶解或分散在稀释剂中以形成溶液。该溶液然后可以施用到金属基底上。合适的稀释剂包括醇例如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇;脂族烃例如己烷、异辛烷和癸烷,醚例如四氢呋喃和二烷基醚例如二乙基醚。用于氟化材料的稀释剂可以包括全氟化化合物例如全氟化四氢呋喃。同样,碱性水溶液例如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾可以用作该稀释剂。
该表面改性处理剂在泵入储层的流体中的浓度典型地是约0.01%-100%,或者更典型地是约0.1%-约20%(v/v)。
该表面改性处理剂也可以作为流体的组分泵入储层中。因此,例如,该表面改性处理剂可以作为压裂液、前置液、酸化液等的组分泵入储层中。
该方法(其可以是上述的或者此处要求保护的)和任何其他方法(其可以落入所附权利要求书的范围内)可以以任何期望的合适的顺序来进行,并且不必限于此处所述的任何顺序或者所附权利要求书所列的任何顺序。此外,本发明的方法不必需要求使用此处所示和所述的具体实施方案,而是同样适用于任何其他合适的结构、形式和部件构造。
Claims (37)
1.抑制在地下储层中或者延伸出或延伸向地下储层的金属管、流动管道或容器上由污染物导致的结垢的方法,该方法包括:
(a)在该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物上引入包含锚和疏水性尾部的表面改性处理剂;
(b)将该锚连接到该金属氧化物的至少一部分上;和
(c)通过将流体暴露于该疏水性尾部,来抑制该流体在该管、流动管道或容器上的结垢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中(a)该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者;或者(b)该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物,该疏水性基团与其连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物,该疏水性尾部取向为远离该金属氧化物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该流动管道是表面管线或流动管线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在将该金属管、流动管道或容器引入地下储层之前,该表面改性处理剂的该锚结合到该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该表面改性处理剂的该锚在地下储层内原位结合到该金属管、流动管道或容器上的金属氧化物。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中该表面改性处理剂的该锚来源于有机含磷酸、有机膦酸或有机次膦酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中该有机含磷酸衍生物是选自以下的至少一种:
(a)具有结构(RO)x-P(O)-(OR')y的磷酸衍生物;
(b)以下结构的膦酸衍生物:
(c)以下结构的次膦酸衍生物:
其中:
R和R”各自独立地是具有总共1-30个碳原子的基团;R'是H、金属或具有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基;
x是1-2;y是1-2;x+y=3;
a是0-1;
b是1;
c是1-2;
a+b+c是3;
d是0-2;
e是0-2;
f是1;和
d+e+f是3。
10.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中该表面改性处理剂是下式:
Rf-(CH2)p-Z
其中:
Rf是全氟化烷基或全氟亚烷基醚基团;
p是2-4;和
Z选自:
其中R和R”是具有至多200个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,或者全氟烷基,R'是H、金属、胺或者脂族或芳族基团芳基。
11.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中R”是脂族或芳族取代基,其用全氟化烷基或全氟亚烷基醚基团取代。
12.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中Rf的全氟亚烷基醚基团是以下结构:
其中A是氧基或化学键;n是1-20;Y是H、F、CnH2n+1或CnF2n+1;b是至少1;m是0-50;p是1-20;和X是H、F或酸基团或酸衍生物。
13.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中该全氟烷基是以下结构:
其中Y是F或CnF2n+1,m是4-20。
14.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中该表面改性处理剂选自CF3(CnF2n)CH2CH2PO3H2,其中n是3-5,和CF3(CF2)xO(CF2CF2)y-CH2CH2-PO3H2,其中x是0-7,y是1-20,和x+y小于或等于27。
15.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中R或R’包含端部或ω官能团。
16.根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中该端部或ω官能团选自羧基、羟基、氨基、亚氨基、酰胺、硫、氰基、磺酸酯、碳酸酯、膦酸或其混合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中该有机磷酸、有机膦酸或有机次膦酸选自氨基三亚甲基膦酸、氨基苄基膦酸、3-氨基丙基膦酸、邻氨基苯基膦酸、4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、氨基苯基膦酸、氨基膦丁酸、氨基丙基膦酸、二苯甲基膦酸、苄基膦酸、丁基膦酸、羧乙基膦酸、二苯基次膦酸、十二烷基膦酸、亚乙基二膦酸、十七烷基膦酸、甲基苄基膦酸、萘基甲基膦酸、十八烷基膦酸、辛基膦酸、戊基膦酸、苯基次膦酸、苯基膦酸、双-(全氟庚基)次膦酸、全氟己基膦酸、苯乙烯膦酸和十二烷基双-1,12-膦酸。
18.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该锚的金属是第3、4、5或6族金属。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中该表面改性处理剂的该金属选自Ti、Zr、La、Hf、Ta、W和Nb。
20.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该疏水性有机硅材料具有选自以下的式:
R1 4-xSiAx和(R1 3Si)yB
或者下式的有机(聚)硅氧烷或有机(聚)硅氮烷:
其中:
R1相同或不同,并且是含有1-100个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;
A是氢、卤素、OH、OR2或
B是NR3 3-y;
R2是含有1-12个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;
R3是氢或R1;
x是1、2或3;和
y是1或2。
21.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该疏水性有机硅材料是下式
R1 4-xSiAx
其中R1是氟取代的烃,A是OR2。
22.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该氟化烃是以下结构:
其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,n是1-6;R2是含有1-4个碳原子的烷基,p是0-18。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中R1是以下结构:
其中Y是F或CnF2n+1;m是4-20,n是1-6;R2是含有1-4个碳原子的烷基,p是0-18。
24.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该氟化烃是以下结构:
其中A是氧基或化学键;n是1-6,y是F或CnF2n;b是至少1;m是0-6,p是0-18。
25.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该疏水性有机硅材料是有机(聚)硅氧烷或有机(聚)硅氮烷。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中该有机(聚)硅氧烷或有机(聚)硅氮烷具有下式的单元:
其中R1相同或不同,并且是含有约1-约12个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;R3是氢或R1。
27.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该疏水性有机硅材料包含式R5 2SiO2的另外的单元,其中R5是卤素。
28.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中该有机(聚)硅氧烷和有机(聚)硅氮烷的数均分子量是至少400。
29.抑制在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上污染物沉积的方法,该方法包括:
(a)将底漆施用到该金属管、流动管道或容器的至少一部分上,并且由该底漆在该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面的至少一部分上形成涂层;
(b)在该涂层上施用具有锚和疏水性尾部的表面改性处理剂,其中对于该锚有反应性的位置在该涂层上;
(c)将该表面改性处理剂的该锚连接到该有反应性的位置的至少一部分上;和
(d)通过将流体暴露于该疏水性尾部,来抑制来自于该流体的污染物在该金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中(a)该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者;或者(b)该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物,该疏水性尾部取向为远离该金属氧化物。
31.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中该有反应性的位置是金属氧化物。
32.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中该底漆是有机金属化合物。
33.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中将该底漆泵入井中,其中具有有反应性的位置的涂层在井中原位沉积在该金属管、流动管道或容器的表面上。
34.抑制污垢、锈迹、石蜡、沥青质、盐、细菌或其混合物在井中或者延伸出或延伸向井的金属管、流动管道或容器上沉积的方法,其中该金属管、流动管道或容器包含合金钢或碳钢,其中该合金钢或碳钢用底漆处理以赋予它的表面以有反应性的官能团,该方法包括:
(a)向井中泵入包含表面改性处理剂的流体,该处理剂包含锚和疏水性尾部,其中该锚结合到该合金钢或碳钢上的有反应性的官能团,进一步其中该疏水性尾部不直接连接到该合金钢或碳钢;和
(b)通过将该表面改性处理剂的该疏水性尾部暴露于含有污染物的流体,来抑制该污染物在金属井管表面上的沉积。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中(a)该锚是金属,该疏水性尾部是有机硅材料、氟化烃或者有机硅材料和氟化烃二者;或者(b)该锚是有机含磷酸衍生物,该疏水性尾部取向为远离该金属氧化物。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中该疏水性尾部不与该涂层上的该有反应性的官能团反应。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中该容器动态定位。
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CA2923221C (en) | 2020-04-28 |
WO2015042488A2 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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NZ717494A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
CN105555903B (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
US10704365B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
RU2016115075A3 (zh) | 2018-06-27 |
WO2015042488A3 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
EP3046986A2 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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