CN105550483B - The non-equal structures in end lack the design method of piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring - Google Patents
The non-equal structures in end lack the design method of piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the design methods that the non-equal structures in end lack piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring, belong to suspension leaf spring technical field.The present invention can be according to leaf spring mounting structure, rigidity Design required value, it is first determined go out the root thickness h of equivalent one-chip bias type variable-section steel sheet springe, and according to allowable stress, determine the root maximum allowable Hou Du [ of few piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring;h2]；Then, according to heAnd [h2], the piece number N, root thickness h to few piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring2And the thickness h of each end flat segments1iWith length l1iIt is designed.It by ANSYS simulating, verifyings it is found that the parameter design value that the structures such as accurate, reliable end is non-lack piece bias type variable-section steel sheet spring can be obtained using method, can be improved that product design is horizontal and performance, reduce spring weight and cost, improve vehicle ride performance；Meanwhile design and testing expenses are also reduced, accelerate product development speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle suspension steel plate spring, in particular to a design method of a few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at the end part.
Background
Compared with a plurality of superposed leaf springs, the less-leaf variable-section leaf spring has the advantages that stress is reasonable, stress load tends to be balanced, materials are saved, vehicle light weight is achieved, dynamic load of wheels is reduced, vehicle running safety is improved, fuel oil is saved, and vehicle transportation efficiency is improved, so that the less-leaf variable-section leaf spring has good economic and social benefits, and high attention of vehicle experts is attracted. Because the 1 st leaf of the few leaf springs bears complicated stress, not only bears vertical load, but also bears torsional load and longitudinal load, therefore, the thickness of the end part of the actually designed 1 st leaf spring is usually thicker than that of other leaves, namely, in actual design and production, the few leaf springs with variable cross sections and non-equal structures at the end parts are mostly adopted. At present, the variable cross section of the steel plate spring mainly has two types, one type is a parabolic type, and the other type is an oblique type, wherein the stress load of the parabolic type is more reasonable than that of the oblique type. However, since the parabolic type processing technique is complicated and requires complicated and expensive processing equipment, and the oblique line type variable cross-section leaf spring is simple in processing technique and can be processed only by simple equipment, the parabolic type variable cross-section leaf spring can be replaced by the oblique line type variable cross-section leaf spring under the condition of meeting the stress intensity.
Although a design method of a few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring has been proposed previously, for example, in Penmo, Gaosjun, in automotive engineering 1992 (volume 14), No. 3, a design calculation method of a variable cross-section steel plate spring is proposed, which mainly aims at designing a few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with end parts of equal structure, and has the defect that the design requirement of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with end parts of unequal structure cannot be met. As for the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs with non-equal structures at the end parts, because of the restriction of a deformation, rigidity and equivalent thickness calculation theory and a splitting design theory, a simple, accurate and reliable design method has not been provided so far, and the influence of the non-equal structures at the end parts is mostly ignored at present, the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs with the non-equal structures at the end parts are approximately designed according to the design method of the end parts, so that accurate and reliable parameter design values are difficult to obtain. With the development of computer and finite element simulation software, at present, although one adopts an ANSYS modeling simulation method for a few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs with non-equal end structures, the method can only carry out simulation verification on the deformation or rigidity of the steel plate spring with an actual design structure, cannot provide an accurate analytic design formula, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid development of vehicles and development of modern CAD (computer aided design) software for suspension steel plate springs.
Therefore, an accurate and reliable design method of the few-piece oblique line type variable-section steel plate spring with non-equal-structure end parts must be established, the requirements of rapid development of the vehicle industry and accurate design of the suspension steel plate spring are met, the design level, the product quality and the performance of the variable-section steel plate spring are improved, and the running smoothness and the safety of a vehicle are improved; meanwhile, the design and test cost is reduced, and the product development speed is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a simple and reliable design method of an end-part-non-isomorphic few-piece oblique-line-type variable cross-section steel plate spring, wherein the variable cross section of the end-part-non-isomorphic few-piece variable cross-section steel plate spring is of an oblique line type, namely, the variable cross section is composed of three sections, namely, a root straight section, an oblique line section and an end straight section, and the end straight section of each piece is of a non-isomorph structure, namely, the thickness and the length of the end straight section of the 1 st piece are greater than those of other pieces, and a design flow chart is shown in fig. 1; the structural diagram of one half of a single spring of a few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at the end is shown in FIG. 2, wherein L is one half of the length of the spring, L is3Is half of the mounting pitch, b is the width, h2Is root thickness,. l1i、h1iThe thickness of the end part and the length of the flat section of the ith plate spring respectivelyAnd (4) degree.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a design method of a few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at the end part, which is characterized by adopting the following design steps:
(1) root thickness h of equivalent single piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springeThe calculation of (2):
firstly, selecting the ratio of the end thickness to the root thickness of a single piece of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, namely the end thickness ratio β is 0.55, and then designing a required value K according to half rigidity of a few piece of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springMHalf length L, width b, half mounting pitch L3Distance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2＝L-l3The elastic modulus E is calculated by the root thickness of the equivalent single piece of the few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring meeting the rigidity requirement, namely
Wherein,
(2) the number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs and the thickness h of the root parts of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs2The design of (2):
step A: determining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]：
According to half length L and width b of few piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring and half load P borne by the spring, the safety allowable stress [ sigma ]]And h calculated in step (1)eDetermining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]I.e. by
And B, step: the number N of the steel plate spring pieces and the thickness h of the root of each piece2The design of (2):
selecting an initial value N of the number of the end-part non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line type variable-section steel plate spring to be 2, wherein N is an integer between 2 and 5; the root thicknesses of the designed few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are equal, namely all the root thicknesses are equal to h2(ii) a According to [ h ] determined in step A2]And h calculated in step (1)eThe root thickness h of each leaf of the end-part non-equal structure few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring2Is designed, i.e.
If h2≤[h2]Then h is2The design value of the thickness of the root part of each piece of the end-part non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is obtained, and the corresponding N is the design value of the number of pieces of the few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring;
if h2＞[h2]If the number of the leaf springs N is equal to N +1, the step B is returned to and continuously executed, and the root thickness h under the condition of increasing 1 leaf is increased2Designing until h is reached2≤[h2]When the design is finished, the number of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs and the thickness of the root parts of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are designed;
(3) the design of the thickness and the length of each end straight section of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structures at the end part comprises the following steps:
i, step: h is obtained according to the design in the step (2)2Determining the end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1I.e. by
From the root of the oblique line to the springDistance of end point l2H designed in step (2)2And the determined end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1Determining the thickness h of the end straight section of the 1 st leaf spring11And length l11Are respectively as
h11＝β1h2，
Step II, β according to the end thickness ratio of the 1 st leaf spring determined in the step I1The end thickness ratios β and h determined in step (1)eAnd the number N of the leaf spring pieces and the root thickness h of each leaf designed in the step (2)2Determining the end thickness ratio of the No. 2, No. 3, …, N spring, i.e. determining
According to the determined thickness ratio β of the No. 2, No. 3, …, N spring2＝β3＝…＝βNDistance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2And h designed in the step (2)2Determining the thickness and the length of the end straight section of the No. 2, No. 3, … and No. N springs respectively
(4) Thickness h of each piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at end part at different positionsi(x) The design of (2):
according to a few oblique linesHalf length L of the variable cross-section leaf spring, and distance L from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2The end thickness and the flat section length of each leaf spring determined in the step (3) and the root thickness h of each leaf spring designed in the step (2)2The thickness h of each piece of the end-part-non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line type variable-section steel plate spring at different positions x can be obtained by taking the free end of the steel plate spring as the origin of coordinatesi(x) Is a design value of
Wherein i is 1,2, …, N.
The invention has the advantages over the prior art
Because the analysis and calculation of the few pieces of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plates with non-equal structures at the end parts are very complicated, a reliable analysis design method has not been provided at home and abroad. At present, the influence of end non-equistructural is mostly ignored, and according to an end equistructural design method, a few piece of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs with non-equistructural ends are approximately designed, so that accurate and reliable parameter design values are difficult to obtain. With the development of computer and finite element simulation software, at present, although one adopts an ANSYS modeling simulation method for a few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs with non-equal end structures, the method can only carry out simulation verification on the deformation or rigidity of the steel plate spring with an actual design structure, cannot provide an accurate analytic design formula, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid development of vehicles and development of modern CAD (computer aided design) software for suspension steel plate springs.
According to the design rigidity and installation structure size of the steel plate spring, the thickness ratio β of the oblique line segment of the equivalent single-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring and the end deformation coefficient of the oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring are selected, firstly, the thickness h of the root part of the equivalent single-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is giveneDesigning a method; then, according to the leaf spring load P and the maximum allowable stress [ sigma ]]A few pieces of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is providedMaximum allowable root thickness [ h ]2]The design method of (1); then, according to the root thickness h of the equivalent single leaf springeThe number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring pieces and the root thickness h are given by using an equivalent thickness calculation formula of the overlapped part of the superposed steel plates2Finally, according to the design value of the thickness of the end straight section of the equivalent single-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring β heThe end part straight section thickness h of each piece of the end part non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is given by using an equivalent thickness calculation formula of the overlapped part of the superposed steel plates1iAnd length l1iThe design method of (1).
Through design examples and ANSYS simulation verification, the method can obtain accurate and reliable parameter design values of the few-leaf diagonal variable-section steel plate spring with the non-equal structure end part, provides a reliable design method for designing the few-leaf diagonal variable-section steel plate spring with the non-equal structure end part, and lays a reliable technical foundation for CAD software development. By using the method, the design level, the product quality and the performance of the few-leaf variable-section steel plate spring of the vehicle suspension can be improved, the quality and the cost of the suspension spring are reduced, and the transportation efficiency and the driving safety of a vehicle are improved; meanwhile, the design and test cost is reduced, and the product development speed is accelerated.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following further description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design of a variable cross-section leaf spring with less inclined lines and non-equal structures at the ends;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single spring half of a variable cross-section leaf spring of the type with a few oblique lines and non-equal structure at one end;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first leaf spring of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a 2 nd leaf spring according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a simulated cloud of the deformation of a few piece diagonal variable-section leaf spring with non-uniform ends according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first leaf spring of the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second leaf spring of the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a simulated cloud image of the deformation of the variable cross-section leaf spring with less inclined lines and non-uniform end design according to the second embodiment.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a half of a single leaf spring of a few oblique line type variable cross-section leaf spring with non-equal end portions, wherein a half length L of each leaf spring is 575mm, a width b thereof is 60mm, and a half of a mounting pitch L is355mm, 1200N for half the load P acting on the free end of the leaf spring, 200GPa for the elastic modulus E, and safe allowable stress [ sigma ]]500 MPa. The half-stiffness design requirement value K of the non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring at the end part of the vehicleMThe end portion non-equal structure few piece oblique line type variable cross section steel plate spring is designed as 24N/mm.
The design process of the design method of the end-part-non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line-type variable-section steel plate spring provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) root thickness h of equivalent single piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springeThe calculation of (2):
firstly, selecting the ratio of end thickness to root thickness of single piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, i.e. end thickness ratio β is 0.55, then according to the less piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springHalf-stiffness design requirement value K of springM24N/mm, half length L575 mm, width b 60mm, half of the installation distance L355mm, distance l from the base of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2＝L-l3The root thickness of the single piece diagonal type variable cross-section leaf spring satisfying the rigidity requirement is calculated when the elastic modulus E is 200GPa at 520mm, that is to say
Wherein,
(2) the number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs and the thickness h of the root parts of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs2The design of (2):
step A: determining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]：
According to the half length L of less oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring and the width b of less oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring being 575mm and 60mm, the half load P borne by less oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is 1200N, and the stress [ sigma ] is allowed to be safely used]500MPa, and h calculated in step (1)eDetermining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring as 13.79mm2]I.e. by
And B, step: the number N of the steel plate spring pieces and the thickness h of the root part of each spring piece2The design of (2):
selecting an initial number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs to be 2, wherein N is an integer between 2 and 5; the root thicknesses of the designed few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are equal, namely all the root thicknesses are equal to h2(ii) a According to [ h ] determined in the step A2]19.00mm and h calculated in step (1)e＝1379mm, root thickness h of each leaf of the end-non-equal structure few-leaf diagonal type variable cross-section steel plate spring2Is designed, i.e.
Because of h2≤[h2]The designed thickness h of the root of each leaf of the end-part non-equal structure few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring210.95mm, and the number N of the designed pieces of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs is 2;
(3) the design of the thickness and the length of each end straight section of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structures at the end part comprises the following steps:
i, step: h is obtained according to the design in the step (2)210.95mm, determine the end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1I.e. by
β1＝0.60；
According to the distance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2H designed in step (2) of 520mm210.95mm, and a certain end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring10.60, determining the end thickness h of the 1 st leaf spring11And flat section length l11Are respectively as
h11＝β1h2＝6.57mm，
Step II, β according to the end thickness ratio of the 1 st leaf spring determined in the step I10.60, the end thickness ratio β determined in step (1) is 0.55 and he13.50mm, the number N of the leaf spring pieces designed in the step (2) is 2 and the thickness h of the root part of each piece2The thickness ratio of the 2 nd leaf spring is determined as 10.95mm, that is
β according to the determined thickness ratio of the 2 nd leaf spring20.49, distance l from the base of the slope to the end of the spring2520mm, and h designed in step (2)2The thickness and length of the end straight section of the 2 nd plate spring are determined as 10.95mm, respectively
(4) The thickness h of each leaf spring of the few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at the end part at different positionsi(x) The design of (2):
according to half length L of less oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring being 575mm, distance L from oblique line root portion to spring end point2520mm, end thickness h of the 1 st leaf spring determined in step (3)116.57mm and a flat length l11187.20mm, end thickness h of the 2 nd leaf spring125.37mm and a flat length l12124.85mm, and the thickness h of the root of each leaf spring designed in step (2)2The thickness h of the 1 st piece and the 2 nd piece of the variable cross-section steel plate spring with the unequal end parts and the few oblique lines can be obtained by taking the free end of the steel plate spring as the origin of coordinates at different positions x, wherein the thickness h is 10.95mm1(x)、h2(x) Respectively is
The thicknesses of the 1 st spring at different positions x of the oblique line section are shown in the table I; the thickness of the 2 nd spring at different positions x of the oblique line section is shown in the table II;
TABLE 1 thickness h of the first leaf spring at different positions x of the diagonal segment1(x)
| Position x/(mm) | 520 | 502.20 | 467.20 | 432.20 | 397.20 | 362.20 | 327.20 | 292.20 | 257.20 | 222.20 | 187.20 |
| Thickness h1(x)/(mm) | 10.95 | 10.72 | 10.26 | 9.79 | 9.33 | 8.87 | 8.41 | 7.95 | 7.49 | 7.03 | 6.57 |
TABLE 2 thickness h of leaf spring at different positions x of diagonal segment2(x)
| Position x/(mm) | 520 | 484.85 | 444.85 | 404.85 | 364.85 | 324.85 | 284.85 | 244.85 | 204.85 | 164.85 | 124.85 |
| Thickness h2(x)/(mm) | 10.95 | 10.45 | 9.89 | 9.32 | 8.76 | 8.19 | 7.63 | 7.06 | 6.50 | 5.93 | 5.37 |
Designing the structural parameters of the obtained 1 st leaf spring, as shown in FIG. 2; the structural parameters of the 2 nd leaf spring are shown in fig. 3.
Using ANSYS finite element simulation software, according to the end non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring obtained by design and other structural parameters and material characteristic parameters of the spring, establishing an ANSYS simulation model, dividing grids, applying fixed constraint on the root of the simulation model, applying a concentrated load P to the free end of 1200N, and performing ANSYS simulation on the deformation of the end non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, wherein the obtained deformation simulation cloud picture is shown in figure 5, wherein the maximum deformation f of the steel plate spring at the end position is 49.57mm, so that half rigidity of the steel plate spring is KM＝P/f＝24.21N/mm。
It can be known that the ANSYS simulation verification value K of half rigidity of the steel plate springM24.21N/mm, and the design requirement value KMThe relative deviation is only 0.88 percent when the relative deviation is equal to 24N/mm; the result shows that the design method of the end-part non-isomorphic few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring provided by the invention is correct, and the parameter design value is accurate and reliable.
Example two: fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a half of a single leaf spring of a few oblique line type variable cross-section leaf spring with non-equal end portions, wherein a half length L of each leaf spring is 600mm, a width b thereof is 60mm, and a half of a mounting pitch L is360mm, 3000N half of the load P acting on the free end of the leaf spring, 200GPa of the elastic modulus E, and safe allowable stress [ sigma ]]500 MPa. The half-stiffness design requirement value K of the non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring at the end part of the vehicleMThe end portion non-equal structure few piece oblique line type variable cross section steel plate spring is designed as 46N/mm.
The design process of the design method of the end-part-non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line-type variable-section steel plate spring provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) root thickness h of equivalent single piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springeThe calculation of (2):
firstly, selecting the ratio of the end thickness to the root thickness of an equivalent single piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, namely the end thickness ratio β is 0.55, and then designing a required value K according to half rigidity of the few piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springM46N/mm, half length L600 mm, width b 60mm, half of the installation spacing L360mm, distance l from the base of the diagonal to the end of the spring2＝L-l3The root thickness of the equivalent single piece of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring which meets the rigidity requirement is calculated, namely the root thickness is 540mm, the elastic modulus E is 200GPa
Wherein,
(2) less inclinedNumber N of linear variable cross-section leaf springs and thickness h of root of each leaf2The design of (2):
step A: determining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]：
According to the half length L of the few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section leaf spring is 600mm, the width b is 60mm, the half load P born is 3000N, and the safe allowable stress [ sigma ] is]500MPa, and h calculated in step (1)eThe maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring is determined when the thickness is 17.84mm2]I.e. by
And B, step: the number N of the steel plate spring pieces and the thickness h of the root part of each spring piece2The design of (2):
selecting an initial number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs to be 2, wherein N is an integer between 2 and 5; the root thicknesses of the designed few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are equal, namely all the root thicknesses are equal to h2(ii) a According to [ h ] determined in step A2]15.77mm, and h calculated in step (1)e17.84mm, and the root thickness h of each leaf spring of the end-non-equal structure few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring2Is designed, i.e.
Because of h2≤[h2]The designed thickness h of the root of each leaf of the end-part non-equal structure few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring214.16mm, and the number N of the steel plate spring pieces is 2;
(3) the design of the thickness and the length of each end straight section of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structures at the end part comprises the following steps:
i, step: designed according to the step (2)To h214.16mm, determine the end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1I.e. by
β1＝0.60；
According to the distance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2H as 540mm, designed in step (2)214.16mm, and a definite end thickness ratio of the 1 st leaf spring β10.60, determining the thickness h of the end straight section of the 1 st leaf spring11And length l11Are respectively as
h11＝β1h2＝8.50mm，
Step II, β according to the end thickness ratio of the 1 st leaf spring determined in the step I10.60, the end thickness ratio β determined in step (1) is 0.55 and he17.84mm, the number N of the leaf spring pieces designed in the step (2) is 2 and the thickness h of the root part of each leaf2The thickness ratio of the 2 nd leaf spring is determined as 14.16mm, that is
β according to the determined thickness ratio of the 2 nd leaf spring20.49, distance l from the base of the slope to the end of the spring2540mm, and h designed in step (2)2The thickness and length of the end straight section of the 2 nd plate spring are determined as 14.16mm, respectively
(4) Thickness h of each piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at end part at different positionsi(x) The design of (2):
according to the half length L of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring being 600mm, the distance L from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2End thickness h of the 1 st leaf spring determined in step (3) of 540mm118.50mm and a flat length l11194.40mm, end thickness h of the 2 nd leaf spring126.94mm and a flat length l12129.65mm, and the thickness h of the root of each leaf spring designed in step (2)2The thickness h of the 1 st and 2 nd oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with unequal end parts can be obtained by taking the free end of the steel plate spring as the origin of coordinates at the position x of 14.16mm1(x)、h2(x) Respectively is
The thickness of the 1 st spring at different positions x of the oblique line section is shown in table three; the thickness of the 2 nd spring at different positions x of the oblique line section is shown in the fourth table;
thickness h of third 1 st spring at different positions x of oblique line section1(x)
| Position x/(mm) | 540 | 509.40 | 474.40 | 439.40 | 404.40 | 369.40 | 334.40 | 299.40 | 264.40 | 229.40 | 194.40 |
| Thickness h1(x)/(mm) | 14.16 | 13.66 | 13.09 | 12.51 | 11.94 | 11.37 | 10.79 | 10.22 | 9.65 | 9.07 | 8.50 |
TABLE 2 thickness h of leaf spring at different positions x of diagonal segment2(x)
| Position x/(mm) | 540 | 507.65 | 465.65 | 423.65 | 381.65 | 339.65 | 297.65 | 255.65 | 213.65 | 171.65 | 129.65 |
| Thickness h2(x)/(mm) | 14.16 | 13.59 | 12.85 | 12.11 | 11.37 | 10.63 | 9.90 | 9.16 | 8.42 | 7.68 | 6.94 |
Designing the structural parameters of the obtained 1 st leaf spring, as shown in fig. 6; the structural parameters of the 2 nd leaf spring are shown in figure 7. Using ANSYS finite element simulation software, according to the end non-equal structure few piece oblique line type variable cross section steel plate spring obtained by design and other structural parameters and material characteristic parameters of the spring, establishing an ANSYS simulation model, dividing grids, applying fixed constraint on the root of the simulation model, applying a concentrated load P to the free end of 3000N, and performing ANSYS simulation on the deformation of the end non-equal structure few piece oblique line type variable cross section steel plate spring, wherein the obtained deformation simulation cloud picture is shown in figure 8, wherein the maximum deformation f of the steel plate spring at the end position is 64.84mm, therefore, the half-rigidity simulation verification value of the steel plate spring is KM＝P/f＝46.27N/mm。
It can be known that the ANSYS simulation verification value K of half rigidity of the steel plate springM46.27N/mm, and K is the value required by designMThe relative deviation is only 0.59% when the difference is 46N/mm. The result shows that the design method of the end-part non-isomorphic few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring provided by the invention is correct, and the parameter design value is accurate and reliable.
Claims (1)
1. The design method of the end-part-non-isomorphic few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring comprises the following specific design steps that the variable cross section of the end-part-non-isomorphic few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is in an oblique line type, namely the variable cross section is composed of three sections, namely a root straight section, an oblique line section and an end straight section, and the end straight section of each piece is in a non-isomorphic type, namely the thickness and the length of the end straight section of the 1 st piece are larger than those of other pieces:
(1) root thickness h of equivalent single piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springeThe calculation of (2):
first of all, the first step is to,selecting the ratio of the end thickness to the root thickness of a single piece of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, namely the end thickness ratio β is 0.55, and then designing the required value K according to half rigidity of the few piece of oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springMHalf length L, width b, half mounting pitch L3Distance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2＝L-l3The elastic modulus E is calculated by the root thickness of the equivalent single piece of the few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring meeting the rigidity requirement, namely
Wherein,
(2) the number N of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs and the thickness h of the root parts of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs2The design of (2):
step A: determining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]：
According to half length L and width b of few piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring and half load P borne by the spring, the safety allowable stress [ sigma ]]And h calculated in step (1)eDetermining the maximum allowable thickness [ h ] of the root thickness of each leaf spring2]I.e. by
And B, step: the number N of the steel plate spring pieces and the thickness h of the root of each piece2The design of (2):
selecting an initial value N of the number of the end-part non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line type variable-section steel plate spring to be 2, wherein N is an integer between 2 and 5; the root thicknesses of the designed few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are equal, namely all the root thicknesses are equal to h2(ii) a According to [ h ] determined in step A2]And h calculated in step (1)eThe root thickness h of each leaf of the end-part non-equal structure few-leaf oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring2Is designed, i.e.
If h2≤[h2]Then h is2The design value of the thickness of the root part of each piece of the end-part non-equal structure few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring is obtained, and the corresponding N is the design value of the number of pieces of the few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring;
if h2>[h2]If the number of the leaf springs N is equal to N +1, the step B is returned to and continuously executed, and the root thickness h under the condition of increasing 1 leaf is increased2Designing until h is reached2≤[h2]When the design is finished, the number of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs and the thickness of the root parts of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate springs are designed;
(3) the design of the thickness and the length of each end straight section of the few oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structures at the end part comprises the following steps:
i, step: h is obtained according to the design in the step (2)2Determining the end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1I.e. by
According to the distance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2H designed in step (2)2And the determined end thickness ratio β of the 1 st leaf spring1Determining the thickness h of the end straight section of the 1 st leaf spring11And length l11Are respectively as
h11＝β1h2，
Step II, β according to the end thickness ratio of the 1 st leaf spring determined in the step I1The end thickness ratios β and h determined in step (1)eAnd the number N of the leaf spring pieces and the root thickness h of each leaf designed in the step (2)2Determining the end thickness ratio of the No. 2, No. 3, …, N spring, i.e. determining
According to the determined thickness ratio β of the No. 2, No. 3, …, N spring2＝β3＝…＝βNDistance l from the root of the oblique line to the end point of the spring2And h designed in the step (2)2Determining the thickness and the length of the end straight section of the No. 2, No. 3, … and No. N springs respectively
(4) Thickness h of each piece of few-piece oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring with non-equal structure at end part at different positionsi(x) The design of (2):
according to half length L of less oblique line type variable cross-section steel plate spring, distance L from oblique line root portion to spring end point2The end thickness and the flat section length of each leaf spring determined in the step (3) and the root thickness h of each leaf spring designed in the step (2)2The thickness h of each piece of the end-part-non-equal-structure few-piece oblique-line type variable-section steel plate spring at different positions x can be obtained by taking the free end of the steel plate spring as the origin of coordinatesi(x) Is a design value of
Wherein i is 1,2, …, N.
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| CN106369090B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-07-24 | 山东理工大学 | The non-equal structures in end lack the design method of piece oblique line steel plate spring limit amount of deflection |
| CN106599522B (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2019-07-26 | 山东理工大学 | The simulation calculation method of the stiffness characteristics of the offset frequencys first-order gradient rigidity plate spring suspension brackets such as non- |
| CN106812850B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-01-01 | 山东理工大学 | High-intensitive three-level progressive rate leaf spring clamps the emulated computation method of stiffness characteristics |
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Address after: 262314 Yuanxi Industrial Park, Wulian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Shandong hengri suspension spring Co.,Ltd. Address before: 262314 Yuanxi Industrial Park, Wulian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province Patentee before: SHANDONG HENGRI SUSPENSION SPRING CO.,LTD. |
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Denomination of invention: Design Method of Non isomorphic Ends and Few Slant leaf spring with Variable Cross Section Effective date of registration: 20230327 Granted publication date: 20181026 Pledgee: Rizhao Bank Co.,Ltd. Wulian sub branch Pledgor: Shandong hengri suspension spring Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980035991 |