CN105547855B - A kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission - Google Patents
A kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of original position shale brittleness test device and method based on acoustic emission, including bearing the triaxial pressure still of different confined pressure, the base of fixing rock core, built-in acoustic emission sensor, the temperature sensor being arranged on base in the base, be pasted onto the foil gauge of rock core different azimuth, be wrapped in the electromagnetic heating coil outside triaxial pressure still and respective lines passage.Its assay method is, utilize described assay device, obtain acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of ess-strain of shale in situ, further according to the acoustic emission accumulative energy set up, ess-strain and the relational model of shale brittleness index in situ, determine the brittleness index of shale in situ.The present invention has broken away from the restriction of large-scale triaxial compressions machine and the limitation that acoustic emission sensor is external, can synchronize to obtain acoustic emission accumulative energy value and ess-strain value, and assay method improves reasonability and the accuracy of shale brittleness evaluation in situ.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rock Mechanics Test field, particularly to a kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission.
Background technology
Owing to shale reservoir is fine and close, belong to low hole, Oil in Super-low Permeability Reservoirs, need to carry out fracturing work to realize economic development, and rock brittleness is as the intrinsic mechanical attribute of rock, determines the pressure break of shale reservoir and the complexity of fracturing reform.Therefore, typically being evaluated the pressure break of rock by the brittleness index of rock, brittleness index is the highest, illustrates that reservoir general aspects is the most crisp, and the reaction to fracturing work is sensitive, can quickly form the chicken-wire cracking of complexity.
At present, acoustic emission brittleness index algoscopy is to be measured by acoustic emission energy size during rock fracture, if Chinese Patent Application No. is the patent of invention of 201310254628.X, consider from acoustic emission energy size merely, and when ignoring the extrinsic factor differences such as sample form, loading speed, acoustic emission energy size changes therewith so that the brittleness index of mensuration exists deviation.In addition, when carrying out acoustic emission experiment, on the one hand acoustic emission sensor is placed on outside autoclave pressure more, cause Acoustic Emission Signal Energy loss serious, on the other hand acoustic emission device can not the characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter of synchronization gain in situ shale and stress-strain data, reduce the accuracy measuring rock brittleness index.Such as, Application No. 201110212775.1 patent of invention and Application No. 201320057732.5 patent of invention, although acoustic emission sensor is placed in base, reduce the loss of Acoustic Emission Signal Energy, but can not synchronize to obtain shale characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter and stress-strain data under in-situ temperature pressure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the drawbacks described above that prior art exists, a kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission is provided, by improving assay device, optimizing assay method, improve shale brittleness index is evaluated in situ reasonability and accuracy.
A kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device that the present invention mentions, including triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston rod (8), acoustic emission sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seal with sealing ring I (9), can be used for applying pressure to rock core (11)；Described base (14) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with sealing ring II (15)；Described rock core (11) is placed between piston rod (8) and base (14), seals by thermoplastic tube (3)；Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) bottom, for injection, drain in still chamber (2), it is achieved load rock core (11), unload confined pressure；Described air vent (10) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing；Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) outer wall, for heating still chamber；Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), seals with inner waterproofing rubber stopper (6), and its data wire I (18) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and by computer (20) displays temperature size；Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto (11) four different azimuth of rock core, and its data wire II (21) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with strain gauge (24), and is shown strain data by computer (20)；It is internal that described acoustic emission sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fix with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), its data wire III (22) passes sequentially through line base (14) and derives, and is connected with acoustic emission detector, and is shown acoustic emission data by computer (20).
Above-mentioned base (14) is made up of base body and base cavity (30), described base body is formed entirety by the first base body (14.1), the second base body (14.2) and the 3rd base body (14.3), and three base bodies are the cylinder that diameter is sequentially reduced, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity (30), and first the upper surface of base body (14.1) contact cooperation with the bottom of triaxial pressure still (1), the axial external surface of the second base body (14.2) contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still (1)；The described axial external surface of the 3rd base body (14.3) coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube (3)；Still chamber (2) is formed between the described inwall of triaxial pressure still (1), the upper surface of the second base body (14.2) and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube (3).
Preferably, above-mentioned the first base body (14.1) is provided with the wire casing IV (28) of a radial direction, and the outer end of wire casing IV (28) is located at the outer wall of the first base body (14.1), and the inner is communicated to wire casing I (25)；Described the second base body (14.2) is provided with an axial wire casing II (26), and the upper end of described wire casing II (26) is located at the upper surface of the second base body (14.2), and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV (28)；The 3rd described base body (14.3) is provided with wire casing V (29) radially and axial wire casing I (25), and the upper end of wire casing I (25) connects with wire casing V (29), and lower end connects with wire casing IV (28) and base cavity (30)；Described wire casing V (29) is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body (14.3).
It addition, above-mentioned electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), still chamber (2) temperature is accurately measured in temperature sensor (4).
Rock core (11) is applied in press process by above-mentioned piston rod (8), it is achieved foil gauge (12) and acoustic emission sensor (16) synchronism output data.
The assay method of the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission that the present invention mentions, comprises the following steps:
(1), carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, obtain acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain of shale in situ；
(2) acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, are set up；
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the brittleness index of shale in situ is determined；
Wherein, described acoustic emission accumulative energy, the relational model of stress-strain and in situ shale brittleness index are set up as follows:
(a), carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, obtain the in situ stress-strain of shale, the synchrodata of acoustic emission accumulative energy；
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stressσWith acoustic emission accumulative energy ln(E AE ) with strainεChange curve；
(c), on load-deformation curve, mark stress starting point, surrender starting point and remaining starting point, and calculate the slope of 3 corresponding line segments on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve；
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, acoustic emission accumulative energy and the relation of rock brittleness, determines the relational model of shale brittleness index in situ.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) assay device of the present invention is rational in infrastructure, simple to operate, broken away from the restriction of large-scale triaxial compressions machine, it is possible to be widely used in job site and research unit, carried out the triaxial compression test under hot conditions；
(2) acoustic emission sensor of the present invention is built in base, acoustic emission signal directly passes to acoustic emission sensor by base, this base is unique design structure, simplify the volume of experimental provision, facilitate experiment, decrease and lost by Acoustic Emission Signal Energy during triaxial pressure still, improve shale brittleness index in situ and evaluate accuracy；
(3) piston rod of the present invention applies pressure, foil gauge and acoustic emission sensor synchronism output data to rock core, it is to avoid the error produced when obtaining stress-strain value and acoustic emission cumulative energy value respectively；
(4) acoustic emission accumulative energy of the present invention, stress-strain and the relational model of shale brittleness index in situ, determine shale brittleness index in situ from energy point of view, relatively reliable, and degree of accuracy is high, improves the reasonability of shale brittleness evaluation in situ.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal section of structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structural front view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structure top view of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is under the same coordinate system, and stress and acoustic emission accumulative energy are with the variation relation curve synoptic diagram strained.
nullIn figure，1、Triaxial pressure still，2、Still chamber，3、Thermoplastic tube，4、Temperature sensor，5、Water proof rubber plug，6、Liquid injection port，7、Screw，8、Piston rod，9、Sealing ring I，10、Air vent，11、Rock core，12、Foil gauge，13、Electromagnetic heating coil，14、Base，15、Sealing ring II，16、Acoustic emission sensor，17、Rubber blanket，18、Data wire I，19、Temperature measuring set，20、Computer，21、Data wire II，22、Data wire III，23、Acoustic emission detector，24、Strain testing instrument，25、Wire casing I，26、Wire casing II，27、Wire casing III，28、Wire casing IV，29、Wire casing V，30、Base cavity，31、Screw V，32、Screw III，33、Screw I，34、Screw II，35、Screw IV；14.1, the first base body, the 14.2, second base body, the 14.3, the 3rd base body.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail with embodiment.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device of the present invention, including: triaxial pressure still 1, base 14, piston rod 8, acoustic emission sensor 16, temperature sensor 4, foil gauge 12, electromagnetic heating coil 13.
Described piston rod 8 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 upper end, seals with sealing ring I 9, can be used for applying pressure to rock core 11；Described base 14 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end, seals with sealing ring II 15, and is fixed by screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35；Described rock core 11 is placed between piston rod 8 and base 14, seals by thermoplastic tube 3；Described liquid injection port 6 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 bottom, for injection, drain in still chamber 2, it is achieved load rock core 11, unload confined pressure；Described air vent 10 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing；Described electromagnetic heating coil 13 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 outer wall, for heating still chamber；Described temperature sensor 4 is arranged on base 14, seals with inner waterproofing rubber stopper 6, and its data wire I 18 is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and by computer 20 displays temperature size；Described foil gauge 12 is arranged in thermoplastic tube 3, and is pasted onto 11 4 different azimuth of rock core, and its data wire II 21 is connected with strain gauge 24, and is shown strain data by computer 20；It is internal that described acoustic emission sensor 16 is arranged on base 14, fixes with rubber blanket 17, screw 7, and its data wire III 22 is connected with acoustic emission detector, and is shown acoustic emission data by computer 20.
As shown in Figure 2,3, 4, the base device of the present invention, including: base body, base cavity 30, wire casing I 25, wire casing II 26, wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28, screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35, screw V 31,
Described base body is formed entirety by first base body the 14.1, second base body 14.2 and the 3rd base body 14.3, and three base bodies are the cylinder that diameter is sequentially reduced, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity 30, and first the upper surface of base body 14.1 contact cooperation with the bottom of triaxial pressure still 1, the axial external surface of the second base body 14.2 contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still 1；The described axial external surface of the 3rd base body 14.3 coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube 3；The described inwall of triaxial pressure still 1, between the upper surface of the second base body 14.2 and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube 3, form still chamber 2.
Preferably, the first above-mentioned base body 14.1 is provided with the wire casing IV 28 of a radial direction, and the outer end of wire casing IV 28 is located at the outer wall of the first base body 14.1, and the inner is communicated to wire casing I 25；The second described base body 14.2 is provided with an axial wire casing II 26, and the upper end of described wire casing II 26 is located at the upper surface of the second base body 14.2, and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV 28；The 3rd described base body 14.3 is provided with wire casing V 29 radially and axial wire casing I 25, and the upper end of wire casing I 25 connects with wire casing V 29, and lower end connects with wire casing IV 28 and base cavity 30；Described wire casing V 29 is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body 14.3.
It addition, base 14 is fixed on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end by screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35；Described data wire I 18 passes sequentially through wire casing II 26, wire casing IV 28 is derived, and is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and by computer 20 displays temperature size；Described data wire II 21 passes sequentially through wire casing V 29, wire casing I 25, wire casing IV 28 derivation, is connected with strain gauge 24；Described data wire III 22 passes sequentially through wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28 is derived, and is connected with acoustic emission detector.
The assay method of a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale fragility that the present invention mentions, including:
(1), to choose shale and be processed into straight well be 25mm, and height be the standard core sample of 50mm, is placed on described assay device, carries out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtains acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain of original position shale；
(2) acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, are set up；
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the brittleness index of shale in situ is determined；
Wherein, described acoustic emission accumulative energy, the relational model of stress-strain and in situ shale brittleness index are set up as follows:
(a), utilize described assay device to carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtain acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain of in situ shale；
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stress (σ) and acoustic emission accumulative energy (ln(E AE )) with strain (ε) change curve, as shown in Figure 5.Mark stress starting point A by load-deformation curve, surrender starting point B, remaining starting point C, and on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve, mark a B, some D corresponding for some C, put E；
(c), some A and some D is connected, some D and some E connects, thus draws line segment AD, the slope of line segment DE respectively:
(1)
(2)
In formula,Slope for line segment AD；Slope for line segment DE；Acoustic emission accumulative energy value for stress initial time；For surrendering the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of initial time；Acoustic emission accumulative energy value for remaining initial time；Strain value for stress initial time；For surrendering the strain value of initial time；Strain value for remaining initial time.
Research shows, the result that the unstable failure of rock is an energy dissipation and energy discharges suddenly, and before surrender, energy is mainly used in deformation, and the energy that acoustic emission sensor detects is more weak；After surrender, energy is then used for destroying, and the energy signal that acoustic emission sensor detects is stronger.Therefore, rock is in triaxial compressions destructive process, and not up to during yield point, rock exists a relatively long quiet period, and degree of brittleness is the best, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases the slowest, corresponding slopeThe least；When being between yield point and remaining point, degree of brittleness is the best, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases the fastest, corresponding slopeThe biggest.
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, acoustic emission accumulative energy and the relation of rock brittleness, is set up and is launched cumlative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index:
(3)
In formula:Brittleness index for rock.
The above, be only the part preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any those of ordinary skill in the art all technical schemes possibly also with above-mentioned elaboration are revised or are revised as the technical scheme of equivalent.Therefore, any simple modification carried out according to technical scheme or substitute equivalents, belong to the greatest extent the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, it is characterized in that: include triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston rod (8), acoustic emission sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seal with sealing ring I (9), can be used for applying pressure to rock core (11)；Described base (14) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with sealing ring II (15)；Described rock core (11) is placed between piston rod (8) and base (14), seals by thermoplastic tube (3)；Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) bottom, for injecting in still chamber (2), getting rid of liquid, it is achieved load rock core (11), unload confined pressure；Described air vent (10) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing；Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) outer wall, for heating still chamber；Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), seals with inner waterproofing rubber stopper (6), and its data wire I (18) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and by computer (20) displays temperature size；Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto (11) four different azimuth of rock core, and its data wire II (21) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with strain gauge (24), and is shown strain data by computer (20)；It is internal that described acoustic emission sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fix with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), its data wire III (22) passes sequentially through line base (14) and derives, and is connected with acoustic emission detector, and is shown acoustic emission data by computer (20)；
Described base (14) is made up of base body and base cavity (30), described base body is formed entirety by the first base body (14.1), the second base body (14.2) and the 3rd base body (14.3), and three base bodies are the cylinder that diameter is sequentially reduced, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity (30), and first base body (14.1) upper surface and triaxial pressure still (1) bottom contact cooperation, the axial external surface of the second base body (14.2) contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still (1)；The described axial external surface of the 3rd base body (14.3) coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube (3)；Still chamber (2) is formed between the described inwall of triaxial pressure still (1), the upper surface of the second base body (14.2) and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube (3).
Original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), and still chamber (2) temperature is accurately measured in temperature sensor (4).
Original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: rock core (11) is applied in press process by described piston rod (8), it is achieved foil gauge (12) and acoustic emission sensor (16) synchronism output data.
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