CN105547855A - In-situ shale brittleness test device and method based on acoustic emission technique - Google Patents
In-situ shale brittleness test device and method based on acoustic emission technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547855A CN105547855A CN201610003159.8A CN201610003159A CN105547855A CN 105547855 A CN105547855 A CN 105547855A CN 201610003159 A CN201610003159 A CN 201610003159A CN 105547855 A CN105547855 A CN 105547855A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ shale brittleness test device and method based on an acoustic emission technique. The device comprises a triaxial pressure kettle which can bear different confining pressures, a base used for fixing a core, an acoustic emission sensor arranged in the base, a temperature sensor installed on the base, strain gauges stuck in the different directions of the core, an electromagnetic heating coil wrapping the exterior of the triaxial pressure kettle and corresponding line channels. The test method comprises the steps that acoustic emission accumulation energy and stress-strain synchronous data of in-situ shale are obtained through the test device, and then the brittleness index of the in-situ shale is determined according to a built relation model of the acoustic emission accumulation energy, the stress-strain and the brittleness index of the in-situ shale. The in-situ shale brittleness test device and method based on the acoustic emission technique get rid of restriction of a large triaxial compressor and limitation of external arrangement of the acoustic emission sensor, an acoustic emission accumulation energy value and a stress-strain value can be synchronously obtained, and the in-situ shale brittleness evaluation rationality and accuracy are improved through the determination method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rock Mechanics Test field, particularly a kind of original position shale brittleness test device and method based on acoustic emission.
Background technology
Because shale reservoir is fine and close, belongs to low hole, Oil in Super-low Permeability Reservoirs, needing to carry out frac job to realize economic development, and rock brittleness is as the intrinsic mechanical attribute of rock, determines the pressure break of shale reservoir and the complexity of fracturing reform.Therefore, generally evaluated the pressure break of rock by the friability index of rock, friability index is higher, illustrates that reservoir general aspects is firmly crisp, responsive to the reaction of frac job, can form rapidly complicated chicken-wire cracking.
At present, acoustic emission friability index determination method is measured by acoustic emission energy size in rock fracture process, if Chinese Patent Application No. is the patent of invention of 201310254628.X, consider from acoustic emission energy size merely, and when ignoring the external factor differences such as sample form, loading speed, acoustic emission energy size changes thereupon, makes the friability index measured there is deviation.In addition, when carrying out acoustic emission experiment, calibrate AE sensor is placed on outside autoclave pressure more on the one hand, Acoustic Emission Signal Energy is caused to lose serious, on the other hand acoustic emission device can not the characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter of synchronization gain original position shale and stress-strain data, reduce the accuracy measuring rock brittleness index.Such as, application number is 201110212775.1 patents of invention and application number is 201320057732.5 patents of invention, although calibrate AE sensor is placed in base, reduce the loss of Acoustic Emission Signal Energy, but shale characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter and stress-strain data under synchronously can not obtaining in-situ temperature pressure.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly in view of the foregoing defects the prior art has, a kind of original position shale brittleness test device and method based on acoustic emission is provided, by improving test unit, optimizing assay method, improve rationality and the accuracy of original position shale friability index evaluation.
A kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission that the present invention mentions, comprise triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston rod (8), calibrate AE sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seal with O-ring seal I (9), can be used for applying pressure to rock core (11); Described base (14) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with O-ring seal II (15); Described rock core (11) is placed between piston rod (8) and base (14), seals by thermoplastic tube (3); Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) bottom, for injecting in still chamber (2), getting rid of liquid, realizes loading rock core (11), unloading confined pressure; Described exhausr port (10) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for emission gases in still chamber or inflation discharge opeing; Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) outer wall, for heating still chamber; Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), and with inner waterproofing rubber plug (6) sealing, its data line I (18) is derived by base (14) successively, is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and by computing machine (20) displays temperature size; Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto rock core (11) four different azimuth, and its data line II (21) is derived by base (14) successively, is connected with strain gauge (24), and shows strain data by computing machine (20); It is inner that described calibrate AE sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fix with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), its data line III (22) is derived by line base (14) successively, is connected with acoustic emission detector, and shows acoustic emission data by computing machine (20).
Above-mentioned base (14) is made up of base body and base cavity (30), described base body forms entirety by the first base body (14.1), the second base body (14.2) and the 3rd base body (14.3), and three base bodies are the right cylinder that diameter reduces successively, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity (30), and the upper surface of the first base body (14.1) and triaxial pressure still (1) bottom contact and coordinate, the axial external surface of the second base body (14.2) contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still (1); The axial external surface of the 3rd described base body (14.3) coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube (3); The inwall of described triaxial pressure still (1), between the upper surface of the second base body (14.2) and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube (3), form still chamber (2).
Preferably, above-mentioned the first base body (14.1) is provided with a radial wire casing IV (28), and the outer end of wire casing IV (28) is located at the outer wall of the first base body (14.1), and the inner is communicated to wire casing I (25); Described the second base body (14.2) is provided with the wire casing II (26) of an axis, and the upper end of described wire casing II (26) is located at the upper surface of the second base body (14.2), and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV (28); The 3rd described base body (14.3) is provided with radial wire casing V (29) and axial wire casing I (25), and the upper end of wire casing I (25) is communicated with wire casing V (29), and lower end is communicated with wire casing IV (28) and base cavity (30); Described wire casing V (29) is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body (14.3).
In addition, above-mentioned electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), and temperature sensor (4) accurately measures still chamber (2) temperature.
Above-mentioned piston rod (8) applies, in press process, to realize foil gauge (12) and calibrate AE sensor (16) synchronism output data to rock core (11).
The assay method of the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission that the present invention mentions, comprises the following steps:
(1), by carrying out triaxial compression test under hot conditions based on the original position shale brittleness test device of acoustic emission, the acoustic emission accumulative energy of original position shale and the synchrodata of stress-strain is obtained;
(2) relational model of acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index, is set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the friability index of original position shale is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index is set up as follows:
(a), by carrying out triaxial compression test under hot conditions based on the original position shale brittleness test device of acoustic emission, obtain the stress-strain of original position shale, the synchrodata of acoustic emission accumulative energy;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stress σ and acoustic emission accumulative energy ln (E
aE) with the change curve of strain stress;
(c), on stress-strain curve, mark stress starting point, surrender starting point and remaining starting point, and calculate the slope of 3 corresponding line segments on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve;
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, the relation of acoustic emission accumulative energy and rock brittleness, determines the relational model of original position shale friability index.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) test unit of the present invention is rational in infrastructure, simple to operate, broken away from the restriction of large-scale triaxial compressions machine, working-yard and research unit can be widely used in, carry out the triaxial compression test under hot conditions;
(2) calibrate AE sensor of the present invention is built in base, acoustic emission signal directly passes to calibrate AE sensor by base, this base is unique project organization, simplify the volume of experimental provision, facilitate experiment, decrease by Acoustic Emission Signal Energy loss during triaxial pressure still, improve original position shale friability index and evaluate accuracy;
(3) piston rod of the present invention applies pressure to rock core, foil gauge and calibrate AE sensor synchronism output data, avoids the error produced when obtaining stress-strain value and acoustic emission cumulative energy value respectively;
(4) relational model of acoustic emission accumulative energy of the present invention, stress-strain and original position shale friability index, from energy point of view determination original position shale friability index, more reliably, and degree of accuracy is high, improves the rationality of original position shale brittleness evaluation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of original position shale brittleness test apparatus structure schematic diagram based on acoustic emission of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of original position shale brittleness test device pedestal section of structure based on acoustic emission of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structural front view based on acoustic emission of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structure vertical view based on acoustic emission of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is under the same coordinate system, and stress and acoustic emission accumulative energy are with the variation relation curve synoptic diagram strained.
In figure, 1, triaxial pressure still, 2, still chamber, 3, thermoplastic tube, 4, temperature sensor, 5, water proof rubber plug, 6, liquid injection port, 7, screw, 8, piston rod, 9, O-ring seal I, 10, exhausr port, 11, rock core, 12, foil gauge, 13, electromagnetic heating coil, 14, base, 15, O-ring seal II, 16, calibrate AE sensor, 17, rubber blanket, 18, data line I, 19, temperature measuring set, 20, computing machine, 21, data line II, 22, data line III, 23, acoustic emission detector, 24, strain testing instrument, 25, wire casing I, 26, wire casing II, 27, wire casing III, 28, wire casing IV, 29, wire casing V, 30, base cavity, 31, screw V, 32, screw III, 33, screw I, 34, screw II, 35, screw IV, 14.1, the first base body, the 14.2, second base body, the 14.3, the 3rd base body.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission of the present invention, comprising: triaxial pressure still 1, base 14, piston rod 8, calibrate AE sensor 16, temperature sensor 4, foil gauge 12, electromagnetic heating coil 13.
Described piston rod 8 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 upper end, seals, can be used for applying pressure to rock core 11 with O-ring seal I 9; Described base 14 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end, seals with O-ring seal II 15, and is fixed by screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35; Described rock core 11 is placed between piston rod 8 and base 14, seals by thermoplastic tube 3; Described liquid injection port 6 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 bottom, for injecting in still chamber 2, getting rid of liquid, realizes loading rock core 11, unloading confined pressure; Described exhausr port 10 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 top, for emission gases in still chamber or inflation discharge opeing; Described electromagnetic heating coil 13 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 outer wall, for heating still chamber; Described temperature sensor 4 is arranged on base 14, seals with inner waterproofing rubber plug 6, and its data line I 18 is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and by computing machine 20 displays temperature size; Described foil gauge 12 is arranged in thermoplastic tube 3, and is pasted onto rock core 11 4 different azimuth, and its data line II 21 is connected with strain gauge 24, and shows strain data by computing machine 20; It is inner that described calibrate AE sensor 16 is arranged on base 14, and fix with rubber blanket 17, screw 7, its data line III 22 is connected with acoustic emission detector, and shows acoustic emission data by computing machine 20.
As shown in Figure 2,3, 4, base device of the present invention, comprising: base body, base cavity 30, wire casing I 25, wire casing II 26, wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28, screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35, screw V 31,
Described base body forms entirety by the first base body 14.1, second base body 14.2 and the 3rd base body 14.3, and three base bodies are the right cylinder that diameter reduces successively, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity 30, and the upper surface of the first base body 14.1 and triaxial pressure still 1 bottom contact and coordinate, the axial external surface of the second base body 14.2 contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still 1; The axial external surface of the 3rd described base body 14.3 coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube 3; The inwall of described triaxial pressure still 1, between the upper surface of the second base body 14.2 and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube 3, form still chamber 2.
Preferably, the first above-mentioned base body 14.1 is provided with a radial wire casing IV 28, and the outer end of wire casing IV 28 is located at the outer wall of the first base body 14.1, and the inner is communicated to wire casing I 25; The second described base body 14.2 is provided with the wire casing II 26 of an axis, and the upper end of described wire casing II 26 is located at the upper surface of the second base body 14.2, and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV 28; The 3rd described base body 14.3 is provided with radial wire casing V 29 and axial wire casing I 25, and the upper end of wire casing I 25 is communicated with wire casing V 29, and lower end is communicated with wire casing IV 28 and base cavity 30; Described wire casing V 29 is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body 14.3.
In addition, base 14 is fixed on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end by screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35; Described data line I 18 is derived by wire casing II 26, wire casing IV 28 successively, is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and by computing machine 20 displays temperature size; Described data line II 21 is derived by wire casing V 29, wire casing I 25, wire casing IV 28 successively, is connected with strain gauge 24; Described data line III 22 is derived by wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28 successively, is connected with acoustic emission detector.
The assay method of a kind of original position shale fragility based on acoustic emission that the present invention mentions, comprising:
(1), choosing shale, to be processed into straight well be 25mm, is highly the standard core sample of 50mm, is placed on described test unit, carries out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtain the acoustic emission accumulative energy of original position shale and the synchrodata of stress-strain;
(2) relational model of acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index, is set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the friability index of original position shale is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index is set up as follows:
(a), utilize described test unit to carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtain the acoustic emission accumulative energy of original position shale and the synchrodata of stress-strain;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stress (σ) and acoustic emission accumulative energy (ln (E
aE)) with the change curve straining (ε), as shown in Figure 5.Mark stress starting point A by stress-strain curve, surrender starting point B, remaining starting point C, and on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve, mark the corresponding some D of a B, some C, some E;
(c), A will be put will be connected with some D, some D with put E and be connected, thus draw the slope of line segment AD, line segment DE respectively:
（1）
（2）
In formula,
for the slope of line segment AD;
for the slope of line segment DE;
for the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of stress initial time;
for surrendering the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of initial time;
for the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of remaining initial time;
for the strain value of stress initial time;
for surrendering the strain value of initial time;
for the strain value of remaining initial time.
Research shows, the unstable failure of rock is the result that an energy dissipation and energy discharge suddenly, and before surrender, energy is mainly used in distortion, and the energy that calibrate AE sensor detects is more weak; After surrender, energy is then for destroying, and the energy signal that calibrate AE sensor detects is stronger.Therefore, rock is in triaxial compressions destructive process, and when not reaching yield point, rock exists a relatively long quiet period, and degree of brittleness is better, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases slower, corresponding slope
less; When being between yield point and remaining point, degree of brittleness is better, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases faster, corresponding slope
larger.
(d) according to stress-strain different phase, the relation of acoustic emission accumulative energy and rock brittleness, set up and launch the relational model of cumlative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index:
（3）
In formula:
for the friability index of rock.
The above, be only part preferred embodiment of the present invention, any those of ordinary skill in the art all may utilize the technical scheme correct of above-mentioned elaboration or are revised as equivalent technical scheme.Therefore, any simple modification of carrying out according to technical scheme of the present invention or substitute equivalents, belong to the scope of protection of present invention to the greatest extent.
Claims (6)
1. the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, it is characterized in that: comprise triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston rod (8), calibrate AE sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seal with O-ring seal I (9), can be used for applying pressure to rock core (11); Described base (14) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with O-ring seal II (15); Described rock core (11) is placed between piston rod (8) and base (14), seals by thermoplastic tube (3); Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) bottom, for injecting in still chamber (2), getting rid of liquid, realizes loading rock core (11), unloading confined pressure; Described exhausr port (10) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for emission gases in still chamber or inflation discharge opeing; Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) outer wall, for heating still chamber; Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), and with inner waterproofing rubber plug (6) sealing, its data line I (18) is derived by base (14) successively, is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and by computing machine (20) displays temperature size; Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto rock core (11) four different azimuth, and its data line II (21) is derived by base (14) successively, is connected with strain gauge (24), and shows strain data by computing machine (20); It is inner that described calibrate AE sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fix with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), its data line III (22) is derived by line base (14) successively, is connected with acoustic emission detector, and shows acoustic emission data by computing machine (20).
2. the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described base (14) is made up of base body and base cavity (30), described base body is by the first base body (14.1), second base body (14.2) and the 3rd base body (14.3) composition entirety, and three base bodies are the right cylinder that diameter reduces successively, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity (30), and the upper surface of the first base body (14.1) and triaxial pressure still (1) bottom contact and coordinate, the axial external surface of the second base body (14.2) contacts with the bottom interior wall of triaxial pressure still (1), the axial external surface of the 3rd described base body (14.3) coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube (3), the inwall of described triaxial pressure still (1), between the upper surface of the second base body (14.2) and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube (3), form still chamber (2).
3. the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described the first base body (14.1) is provided with a radial wire casing IV (28), the outer end of wire casing IV (28) is located at the outer wall of the first base body (14.1), and the inner is communicated to wire casing I (25); Described the second base body (14.2) is provided with the wire casing II (26) of an axis, and the upper end of described wire casing II (26) is located at the upper surface of the second base body (14.2), and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV (28); The 3rd described base body (14.3) is provided with radial wire casing V (29) and axial wire casing I (25), and the upper end of wire casing I (25) is communicated with wire casing V (29), and lower end is communicated with wire casing IV (28) and base cavity (30); Described wire casing V (29) is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body (14.3).
4. the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), and temperature sensor (4) accurately measures still chamber (2) temperature.
5. the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described piston rod (8) applies, in press process, to realize foil gauge (12) and calibrate AE sensor (16) synchronism output data to rock core (11).
6. an assay method for the original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1), by carrying out triaxial compression test under hot conditions based on the original position shale brittleness test device of acoustic emission, the acoustic emission accumulative energy of original position shale and the synchrodata of stress-strain is obtained;
(2) relational model of acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index, is set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the friability index of original position shale is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale friability index is set up as follows:
(a), by carrying out triaxial compression test under hot conditions based on the original position shale brittleness test device of acoustic emission, obtain the stress-strain of original position shale, the synchrodata of acoustic emission accumulative energy;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stress σ and acoustic emission accumulative energy ln (E
aE) with the change curve of strain stress;
(c), on stress-strain curve, mark stress starting point, surrender starting point and remaining starting point, and calculate the slope of 3 corresponding line segments on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve;
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, the relation of acoustic emission accumulative energy and rock brittleness, determines the relational model of original position shale friability index.
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