CN103645129B - A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument - Google Patents
A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温超低渗透率测量仪，三轴压力室分别与静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵以及恒流/恒压控制泵相连，其中三轴压力室在高温控制箱内，而静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵以及恒流/恒压控制泵放置在高温控制箱外。三轴压力室包括底座、轴向活塞、油缸外壁，其中轴向活塞穿过三轴压力室顶部，后者内部有两个微型加压室，其中一个加压室通过自平衡连接管和侧压进油口相连，后者穿过油缸外壁、并与静水压力加载泵相连，另外一个加压室通过轴压进油口和偏压加载泵相连。结构简单，使用方便，测量精度高，可实现不同温度、应力条件下低渗透率测量，适合非常规油气田、能源储存以及核废料地下储存工程涉及的低渗透岩土介质渗透率测量。
The invention discloses a high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument. A triaxial pressure chamber is respectively connected with a hydrostatic pressure loading pump, a bias loading pump and a constant current/constant pressure control pump, wherein the triaxial pressure chamber is inside a high temperature control box. The hydrostatic pressure loading pump, bias loading pump and constant current/constant pressure control pump are placed outside the high temperature control box. The triaxial pressure chamber includes a base, an axial piston, and the outer wall of the oil cylinder. The axial piston passes through the top of the triaxial pressure chamber. There are two miniature pressurized chambers inside the latter, one of which is connected by a self-balancing connecting pipe and side pressure The oil inlet is connected, the latter passes through the outer wall of the oil cylinder and is connected with the hydrostatic pressure loading pump, and the other pressurized chamber is connected with the bias loading pump through the axial pressure oil inlet. Simple structure, easy to use, high measurement accuracy, can realize low permeability measurement under different temperature and stress conditions, suitable for low permeability rock and soil medium permeability measurement involved in unconventional oil and gas fields, energy storage and nuclear waste underground storage projects.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及实验测量仪器技术领域, 更具体涉及一种高温超低渗透率测量仪，为超低渗岩土介质渗透率测量提供一个可靠、准确、简便的测量设备。该设备可以用于高放射性核废料地下储存、页岩气、煤层气等围岩介质在不同温度条件下渗透特性测量。 The present invention relates to the technical field of experimental measuring instruments, and more specifically relates to a high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument, which provides a reliable, accurate and simple measuring device for ultra-low permeability rock and soil medium permeability measurement. The equipment can be used for underground storage of high radioactive nuclear waste, measurement of permeability characteristics of surrounding rock media such as shale gas and coalbed methane under different temperature conditions.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来，为了解决我国能源需求日益增大的困境，我国正积极进行非常规油气田开采，包括页岩气、煤层气。这些油、气田一大特点就是其渗透率超低，通常会低于10-19m2。准确测量油气储层的渗透率对评估油、气藏产能、选择开采方案至关重要。同时，石油、天然气、高放射性核废料地下储存，都是选择具备超低渗透率的围岩，比如岩盐。但是，测量储存介质的超低渗透率对测量设备、测量条件提出了较高的要求。 In recent years, in order to solve the plight of China's increasing energy demand, my country is actively developing unconventional oil and gas fields, including shale gas and coalbed methane. A major feature of these oil and gas fields is their ultra-low permeability, usually lower than 10 -19 m 2 . Accurately measuring the permeability of oil and gas reservoirs is very important for evaluating the productivity of oil and gas reservoirs and selecting production plans. At the same time, the underground storage of oil, natural gas, and high-level radioactive nuclear waste all choose surrounding rocks with ultra-low permeability, such as rock salt. However, measuring the ultra-low permeability of the storage medium puts forward higher requirements on the measurement equipment and measurement conditions.
超低渗透率测量主要受测量方法、测量设备、测量时间、测量环境等多个因数影响。根据对期刊文献和专利检索，关于超低渗透率测量仪有以下结果： Ultra-low permeability measurement is mainly affected by multiple factors such as measurement method, measurement equipment, measurement time, and measurement environment. According to the retrieval of journal literature and patents, the following results are obtained about the ultra-low permeability measuring instrument:
渗透率通常有两种测量方法：直接利用达西定律的稳态测量法和间接利用达西定律的脉冲法和孔压振荡法。稳态法比较适合测量高渗透率（>10-19 m2）,中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所陈卫忠等人曾利用稳态法设计出一种低渗透测量仪（专利号：651282），它可以测量到10-21m2低渗透率，该方法基本原理比较简单，测量精度比较高，但是它的温度控制不是很理想。脉冲法是最先由 Brace等人于1968年针对花岗岩测量提出的（Permeability of Graniteunder High Pressure[J]. Geophysical Research，1968，73（6）:2225-2236），后经过Hsieh P A等人进行了理论和数值上的完善（A TransientLaboratory Method for Determining the Hydraulic Propertiesof“Tight”Rocks—I Theory[J]. International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &GeomechanicsAbstracts，1981，18（3）:245-252）。该方法通过对试样一端施加一个瞬时脉冲压力，然后根据试样内孔压衰减规律确定渗透率，它无需进行初始孔压平衡，大大缩短了测量时间。河海大学王环玲等人就利用该方法提出一种致密岩石材料气体渗透率测量装置及测算方法（专利公开号：CN103163057A），他们设计的测量仪主要针对常温条件试样进行测量，同时压力控制主要是控制围压，其测量精度为10-24m2。孔压振荡法主要是通过在试样一端施加一个振荡孔压（一般为周期波形压力），根据试样另外一端的振荡响应确定渗透率，它可以看成是稳态法和脉冲法的结合体。吴曼、杨晓松和陈建业介绍一个利用稳态法和孔隙压力振荡法测量超低渗透率的测量系统，并给出了测试标定方法，该设备制造成本比较昂贵。（超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果[J],地震地质，2011,3，719-721）。 There are usually two measurement methods for permeability: the steady-state measurement method directly using Darcy's law, and the pulse method and pore pressure oscillation method indirectly using Darcy's law. The steady-state method is more suitable for measuring high permeability (>10 -19 m 2 ). Chen Weizhong, Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and others have designed a low-permeability measuring instrument using the steady-state method (patent number: 651282). The low permeability of 10 -21 m 2 can be measured. The basic principle of this method is relatively simple, and the measurement accuracy is relatively high, but its temperature control is not very ideal. The pulse method was first proposed by Brace et al. in 1968 for the measurement of granite (Permeability of Graniteunder High Pressure [J]. Geophysical Research, 1968, 73 (6): 2225-2236), and then carried out by Hsieh P A et al. Theoretical and numerical perfection (A TransientLaboratory Method for Determining the Hydraulic Properties of “Tight” Rocks—I Theory[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & GeomechanicsAbstracts, 1981, 18(3):245-252). This method applies an instantaneous pulse pressure to one end of the sample, and then determines the permeability according to the pore pressure decay law in the sample. It does not need to perform initial pore pressure balance, which greatly shortens the measurement time. Wang Huanling and others from Hohai University used this method to propose a gas permeability measurement device and calculation method for tight rock materials (patent publication number: CN103163057A). The control is mainly to control the confining pressure, and its measurement accuracy is 10 -24 m 2 . The pore pressure oscillation method mainly applies an oscillating pore pressure (generally a periodic waveform pressure) to one end of the sample, and determines the permeability according to the oscillation response at the other end of the sample. It can be regarded as a combination of the steady state method and the pulse method. . Wu Man, Yang Xiaosong and Chen Jianye introduced a measurement system for measuring ultra-low permeability using the steady-state method and pore pressure oscillation method, and gave a test calibration method. The manufacturing cost of this equipment is relatively expensive. (Test calibration and preliminary measurement results of ultra-low permeability measuring instrument [J], Seismic Geology, 2011, 3, 719-721).
现有文献和专利检索表明，目前已有不少测量低渗透，甚至特低渗透率的试验设备，但是，没有发现能够很好地进行高温超低渗透率测量。同时，由于现有特低渗透率测量设备制造成本相对较高，急需一个制造简单、成本较低、测量准确的高温超低渗透率测量仪器。 Existing literature and patent searches show that there are many test equipment for measuring low permeability and even ultra-low permeability, but no one has found that it can measure high-temperature ultra-low permeability well. At the same time, due to the relatively high manufacturing cost of existing ultra-low permeability measurement equipment, there is an urgent need for a high-temperature ultra-low permeability measurement instrument that is simple to manufacture, low in cost, and accurate in measurement.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在于提供了一个高温超低渗透率测量仪。该设备结构简单，使用方便，功能齐全，测量精度高，可实现不同温度、应力条件下低渗透率测量，非常适合非常规油气田、能源储存以及核废料地下储存工程涉及的低渗透岩土介质渗透率测量。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument. The equipment is simple in structure, easy to use, complete in function, and high in measurement accuracy. It can realize low permeability measurement under different temperature and stress conditions. It is very suitable for the penetration of low permeability rock and soil media involved in unconventional oil and gas fields, energy storage, and nuclear waste underground storage projects. rate measurement.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高温超低渗透率测量仪，它由三轴压力室、位移传感器、静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵、恒流/恒压控制泵、小容积储气罐、中容积储气罐、大容积储气罐、孔压传感器、上、下游孔压偏差传感器、油压传感器、温度传感器、高温控制箱、以及数据采集系统等部件组成。其连接关系是：三轴压力室通过输油管道分别与静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵相连，通过输气管道和恒流/恒压控制泵相连，其中三轴压力室在高温控制箱内（任意放置），而静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵以及恒流/恒压控制泵放置在高温控制箱外，连接三轴压力室与静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵以及恒流/恒压控制泵的输油和输气管道分别贯穿高温控制箱右侧预留的直径为40 mm的圆孔，并用硅胶密封；两个输油管道高温箱内部分分别连接了油压传感器；三轴压力室包含有底座和轴向活塞，该底座和轴向活塞预留了一个直径为3mm的气体通道（分别称为上游进气管和下游出气管）；上游进气管和恒流/恒压控制泵相连，它们之间设置一个四通连接头，四通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐、中容积储气罐和大容积储气罐相连；下游出气管的外端连接一个三通连接头，三通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐、中容积储气罐和大容积储气罐相连，一个上、下游孔压偏差传感器的两端分别与上游进气管和下游出气管相连；温度传感器放置在高温控制箱内，LVDT位移传感器的一端固定在三轴压力室轴向活塞外端，另外一端固定在底座处，可伸缩位移探头的一端固定在轴向活塞上，和轴向活塞一起运动，另一端可伸缩位移杆和固定在底座上的金属平板接触；油压传感器、孔压传感器、位移传感器、温度传感器的数据连接线通过高温控制箱左侧预留的圆孔与数据采集系统相连，并用硅胶密封。 A high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument, which consists of a triaxial pressure chamber, a displacement sensor, a hydrostatic pressure loading pump, a bias loading pump, a constant current/constant pressure control pump, a small-volume gas storage tank, a medium-volume gas storage tank, It is composed of large volume gas storage tank, pore pressure sensor, upstream and downstream pore pressure deviation sensor, oil pressure sensor, temperature sensor, high temperature control box, and data acquisition system and other components. The connection relationship is: the triaxial pressure chamber is connected to the hydrostatic pressure loading pump and the bias loading pump respectively through the oil pipeline, and connected to the constant flow/constant pressure control pump through the gas pipeline, and the triaxial pressure chamber is in the high temperature control box ( Arbitrarily placed), while the hydrostatic pressure loading pump, bias loading pump and constant flow/constant pressure control pump are placed outside the high temperature control box, connecting the triaxial pressure chamber with the hydrostatic pressure loading pump, bias loading pump and constant flow/constant pressure The oil and gas pipelines of the control pump run through the 40 mm diameter holes reserved on the right side of the high-temperature control box, and are sealed with silica gel; the two oil pipelines are connected to the oil pressure sensor in the high-temperature box; the triaxial pressure chamber Contains a base and an axial piston, the base and the axial piston reserve a gas channel with a diameter of 3mm (referred to as the upstream inlet pipe and the downstream outlet pipe respectively); the upstream inlet pipe is connected to the constant flow/constant pressure control pump, A four-way connector is arranged between them, one joint of the four-way joint is connected with the pore pressure sensor, and the other joint is respectively connected with the small-volume gas storage tank, the medium-volume gas storage tank and the large-volume gas storage tank; the downstream outlet pipe The outer end of the three-way connector is connected to a three-way connector, one joint of the three-way connector is connected to the pore pressure sensor, and the other joint is respectively connected to the small-volume gas storage tank, the medium-volume gas storage tank and the large-volume gas storage tank. The two ends of the downstream pore pressure deviation sensor are respectively connected with the upstream inlet pipe and the downstream outlet pipe; the temperature sensor is placed in the high temperature control box, one end of the LVDT displacement sensor is fixed on the outer end of the axial piston of the triaxial pressure chamber, and the other end is fixed on the base One end of the telescopic displacement probe is fixed on the axial piston and moves together with the axial piston, and the other end of the telescopic displacement rod is in contact with the metal plate fixed on the base; oil pressure sensor, hole pressure sensor, displacement sensor, temperature The data connection line of the sensor is connected to the data acquisition system through the round hole reserved on the left side of the high temperature control box, and is sealed with silicone.
所述的轴向活塞外端和底座安装了位移传感器，温度传感器布置在高温控制箱内。 The displacement sensor is installed on the outer end of the axial piston and the base, and the temperature sensor is arranged in the high temperature control box.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
① 实现高温渗透测量，并拥有较高的温度控制精度，温度误差控制在0.3°C以内； ① Realize high-temperature penetration measurement, and have high temperature control accuracy, and the temperature error is controlled within 0.3°C;
② 实现超低渗透率测量（<10-23m2），并可灵活切换测量高渗透率（10-15m2）； ② Realize ultra-low permeability measurement (<10 -23 m 2 ), and can flexibly switch to measure high permeability (10 -15 m 2 );
③ 实现温度-应力耦合条件，岩石渗透率和变形演化跟踪测量； ③ Realize temperature-stress coupling conditions, rock permeability and deformation evolution tracking measurement;
④ 利用多个容积不等的储气罐，实现准稳态法和脉冲法两种方法通用测量； ④ Utilize multiple gas storage tanks with different volumes to realize the general measurement of quasi-steady state method and pulse method;
⑤ 系统整体结构简单、可靠性高、研制成本低。 ⑤ The overall structure of the system is simple, with high reliability and low development cost.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为一种高温超低渗透率测量仪结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument.
图2为高温超低渗透所用三轴压力室示意图 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a triaxial pressure chamber used for high temperature ultra-low permeability
其中：1－试样密封胶套，2－刚性透水石，3－三轴压力室底座，4－轴向活塞，5－油缸外壁，6－侧压进油口；7－自平衡连接管；8－轴压进油口；9－下游出气管；10－上游进气管，11－LVDT位移传感器，12－偏压加载泵（GDS），13－静水压力加载泵（GDS）；14－恒流/恒压控制泵（ISCO 500D）；15－小容积储气罐；16－中等容积储气罐；17－大容积储气罐；18－进、出阀门；19－孔压传感器（Keller）；20－上、下游孔压偏差传感器；21－油压传感器（GE druke）；22－高温控制箱；23－温度传感器（Jumo），24－采集系统（PCI采集卡和Labview软件）。 Among them: 1-sample sealing rubber sleeve, 2-rigid permeable stone, 3-triaxial pressure chamber base, 4-axial piston, 5-oil cylinder outer wall, 6-side pressure oil inlet; 7-self-balancing connecting pipe; 8 - axial pressure oil inlet; 9 - downstream air outlet pipe; 10 - upstream air intake pipe, 11 - LVDT displacement sensor, 12 - bias loading pump (GDS), 13 - hydrostatic pressure loading pump (GDS); 14 - constant flow /constant pressure control pump (ISCO 500D); 15 - small volume air storage tank; 16 - medium volume air storage tank; 17 - large volume air storage tank; 18 - inlet and outlet valves; 19 - pore pressure sensor (Keller); 20-Upstream and downstream pore pressure deviation sensors; 21-Oil pressure sensor (GE druke); 22-High temperature control box; 23-Temperature sensor (Jumo), 24-Acquisition system (PCI acquisition card and Labview software).
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1：Example 1:
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
一种高温超低渗透率测量仪（图1），它由三轴压力室、位移传感器11、静水压力加载泵13和偏压加载泵12、恒流/恒压控制泵14、小容积储气罐15、中容积储气罐16、大容积储气罐17、孔压传感器19、上、下游孔压偏差传感器20、油压传感器21、温度传感器23、高温控制箱22、以及数据采集系统24等部件组成。其连接关系是：三轴压力室通过输油管道分别与静水压力加载泵13、偏压加载泵12相连，通过输气管道和恒流/恒压控制泵14相连，其中三轴压力室在高温控制箱22内（任意放置），而静水压力加载泵13、偏压加载泵12以及恒流/恒压控制泵14放置在高温控制箱22外，连接三轴压力室与静水压力加载泵、偏压加载泵以及恒流/恒压控制泵的输油和输气管道分别贯穿高温控制箱右侧预留的直径为40 mm的圆孔，并用硅胶密封；两个输油管道高温箱内部分分别连接了油压传感器21；三轴压力室包含有底座3和轴向活塞4，该底座3和轴向活塞4预留了一个直径为3mm的气体通道（分别称为上游进气管10和下游出气管9）；上游进气管10和恒流/恒压控制泵14相连，它们之间设置一个四通连接头，四通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器19相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐（50 cc）15、中容积储气罐（200 cc）16和大容积储气罐（2000 cc）17相连；下游出气管的外端连接一个三通连接头，三通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器19相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐（50 cc）15、中容积储气罐（200 cc）16和大容积储气罐（2000 cc）17相连，一个上、下游孔压偏差传感器20的两端分别与上游进气管10和下游出气管9相连；温度传感器23放置在高温控制箱内，LVDT位移传感器11的一端固定在三轴压力室轴向活塞4外端，另外一端固定在底座3处，可伸缩位移探头和轴向活塞4一起运动，并与固定在底座3一端的金属平板接触。油压传感器21、孔压传感器19、LVDT位移传感器11、温度传感器23的数据连接线通过高温控制箱22左侧预留的圆孔与数据采集系统24相连，并用硅胶密封。 A high-temperature ultra-low permeability measuring instrument (Fig. 1), which consists of a triaxial pressure chamber, a displacement sensor 11, a hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13 and a bias loading pump 12, a constant flow/constant pressure control pump 14, a small volume gas storage Tank 15, medium volume gas storage tank 16, large volume gas storage tank 17, pore pressure sensor 19, upstream and downstream pore pressure deviation sensor 20, oil pressure sensor 21, temperature sensor 23, high temperature control box 22, and data acquisition system 24 and other components. The connection relationship is: the triaxial pressure chamber is connected to the hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13 and the bias loading pump 12 respectively through the oil pipeline, and is connected to the constant flow/constant pressure control pump 14 through the gas pipeline, wherein the triaxial pressure chamber is controlled at high temperature. The hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13, the bias loading pump 12 and the constant current/constant pressure control pump 14 are placed outside the high temperature control box 22 to connect the triaxial pressure chamber with the hydrostatic loading pump, bias pressure The oil and gas pipelines of the loading pump and the constant current/constant pressure control pump run through the 40 mm diameter round holes reserved on the right side of the high temperature control box respectively, and are sealed with silica gel; the inner parts of the two oil pipelines are connected with The oil pressure sensor 21; the triaxial pressure chamber includes a base 3 and an axial piston 4, and the base 3 and the axial piston 4 reserve a gas channel with a diameter of 3 mm (respectively referred to as the upstream air inlet pipe 10 and the downstream air outlet pipe 9 ); the upstream intake pipe 10 is connected to the constant flow/constant pressure control pump 14, a four-way connector is arranged between them, one joint of the four-way connector is connected with the pore pressure sensor 19, and the other joint is respectively connected to the small volume gas storage The tank (50 cc) 15, the medium-volume gas storage tank (200 cc) 16 and the large-volume gas storage tank (2000 cc) 17 are connected; the outer end of the downstream outlet pipe is connected to a tee joint, and a joint of the tee joint It is connected with the pore pressure sensor 19, and the other joint is respectively connected with the small-volume gas storage tank (50 cc) 15, the medium-volume gas storage tank (200 cc) 16 and the large-volume gas storage tank (2000 cc) 17, one upstream and one downstream The two ends of the pore pressure deviation sensor 20 are respectively connected with the upstream inlet pipe 10 and the downstream outlet pipe 9; the temperature sensor 23 is placed in the high temperature control box, and one end of the LVDT displacement sensor 11 is fixed on the outer end of the axial piston 4 of the triaxial pressure chamber, The other end is fixed at the base 3 , and the telescopic displacement probe moves together with the axial piston 4 and contacts the metal plate fixed at one end of the base 3 . The data connection lines of the oil pressure sensor 21, hole pressure sensor 19, LVDT displacement sensor 11, and temperature sensor 23 are connected to the data acquisition system 24 through the round hole reserved on the left side of the high temperature control box 22, and are sealed with silica gel.
三轴压力室分别和静水压力加载泵13、偏压加载泵12以及恒流/恒压控制泵14相连，其中三轴压力室在高温控制箱22内（任意放置），而静水压力加载泵13、偏压加载泵12以及恒流/恒压控制泵14放置在高温控制箱22外；三轴压力室主要包括底座3、轴向活塞4、油缸外壁5，其中轴向活塞4穿过三轴压力室顶部，后者内部有两个微型加压室，其中一个加压室通过自平衡连接管7和侧压进油口6相连，后者穿过油缸外壁5、并与静水压力加载泵13相连实现静水压力加载，另外一个加压室通过轴压进油口8和偏压加载泵12相连实现偏压加载。所选伺服加载泵是英国GDS公司的高压控制泵，静水压力最大为32MPa，偏压最大为64MPa，压力控制精度为满量程的0.1%。 The triaxial pressure chamber is respectively connected with the hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13, the bias pressure loading pump 12 and the constant current/constant pressure control pump 14, wherein the triaxial pressure chamber is placed in the high temperature control box 22 (arbitrarily placed), and the hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13 , the bias loading pump 12 and the constant current/constant pressure control pump 14 are placed outside the high temperature control box 22; the triaxial pressure chamber mainly includes a base 3, an axial piston 4, and an outer wall of the oil cylinder 5, wherein the axial piston 4 passes through the triaxial At the top of the pressure chamber, there are two miniature pressurized chambers inside the latter, one of which is connected to the side pressure oil inlet 6 through the self-balancing connecting pipe 7, the latter passes through the outer wall 5 of the oil cylinder, and is connected to the hydrostatic pressure loading pump 13 They are connected to realize hydrostatic pressure loading, and the other pressurized chamber is connected to the bias loading pump 12 through the axial pressure oil inlet 8 to realize bias loading. The selected servo loading pump is a high-pressure control pump from GDS Company in the UK. The maximum hydrostatic pressure is 32MPa, the maximum bias pressure is 64MPa, and the pressure control accuracy is 0.1% of the full scale.
所述的三轴压力室底座3和轴向活塞4均预留了一个直径为3mm的气体通道，上游进气管10和下游出气管9依次与小容积储气罐15、中容积储气罐16和大容积储气罐17相连，孔压偏差传感器20分别与上游进气管10和下游出气管9相连。上游进气管10和恒流/恒压控制泵14相连，它们之间设置一个四通连接头，四通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器19相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐（50 cc）15、中容积储气罐（200 cc）16和大容积储气罐（2000 cc）17相连；下游出气管的外端连接一个三通连接头，三通连接头的一个接头和孔压传感器19相连，另外一个接头分别和小容积储气罐（50 cc）15、中容积储气罐（200 cc）16和大容积储气罐（2000 cc）17相连，一个上、下游孔压偏差传感器20的两端分别与上游进气管10和下游出气管9相连；气体通过上游进气管10流经岩石试样，并通过下游出气管9流出，其中试样和轴向活塞4直径均为38mm。所述的轴向活塞4外端和底座3安装了位移传感器11，温度传感器23布置在高温控制箱22内。为了实现均匀气压通过试样端部，预备2个厚为2mm的金属透水石2，分别放在试样两个端部。为了控制气体泄露问题，采用Piercan公司的VITTON HT硅胶1进行密封试样。同时在三轴压力室轴向活塞4外端和底座3安装了LVDT位移传感器11，可伸缩位移探头的一端固定在轴向活塞4上，和轴向活塞一起运动，另一端可伸缩位移杆和固定在底座3上的金属平板接触，该传感器的量程为10mm，精度为满量程的0.1%。 The base 3 of the triaxial pressure chamber and the axial piston 4 all reserve a gas channel with a diameter of 3mm, and the upstream air inlet pipe 10 and the downstream air outlet pipe 9 are sequentially connected with the small-volume gas storage tank 15 and the medium-volume gas storage tank 16 It is connected with the large-volume gas storage tank 17, and the pore pressure deviation sensor 20 is connected with the upstream air inlet pipe 10 and the downstream air outlet pipe 9 respectively. The upstream intake pipe 10 is connected to the constant flow/constant pressure control pump 14, and a four-way connector is arranged between them. One joint of the four-way connector is connected to the pore pressure sensor 19, and the other joint is respectively connected to the small-volume gas storage tank ( 50 cc) 15. The medium-volume gas storage tank (200 cc) 16 is connected to the large-volume gas storage tank (2000 cc) 17; the outer end of the downstream outlet pipe is connected to a three-way connector, and a joint and hole of the three-way connector The other joint is connected to the small-volume gas storage tank (50 cc) 15, the medium-volume gas storage tank (200 cc) 16 and the large-volume gas storage tank (2000 cc) 17, and an upstream and downstream pore pressure The two ends of the deviation sensor 20 are respectively connected with the upstream air inlet pipe 10 and the downstream air outlet pipe 9; the gas flows through the rock sample through the upstream air inlet pipe 10, and flows out through the downstream air outlet pipe 9, wherein the diameters of the sample and the axial piston 4 are 38mm. The displacement sensor 11 is installed on the outer end of the axial piston 4 and the base 3 , and the temperature sensor 23 is arranged in the high temperature control box 22 . In order to achieve uniform air pressure passing through the end of the sample, two metal permeable stones 2 with a thickness of 2mm are prepared and placed on the two ends of the sample respectively. In order to control the gas leakage problem, VITTON HT silica gel 1 from Piercan Company was used to seal the sample. At the same time, an LVDT displacement sensor 11 is installed on the outer end of the axial piston 4 and the base 3 of the triaxial pressure chamber. One end of the telescopic displacement probe is fixed on the axial piston 4 and moves together with the axial piston. The other end is a telescopic displacement rod and The metal plate fixed on the base 3 contacts, the range of the sensor is 10mm, and the accuracy is 0.1% of the full scale.
为了实现超低渗透率测量，采用ISCO 500D恒流/恒压控制泵14，其最大孔压可达25MPa，压力精度为满量程的0.5%，流量范围为0.001-204 cc/min，考虑到超低渗透率以及岩石破坏之后渗透，其流量在该设备测量范围之外，预备了小容积储气罐（50 cc）的15、中等容积储气罐（200cc）16、大容积储气罐（2000 cc）17，它们可以实现单独和上游进气管10、下游出气管9相连。利用恒流/恒压控制泵14，对这些储气罐加压，然后先利用小容积储气罐对试样进行脉冲渗透测试，测量可能的超低渗透率，对于试样受压损伤或破坏之后，可以采用大容积储气罐对试样进行渗透测量。每个气体和油路管路都利用进、出阀门18控制。 In order to achieve ultra-low permeability measurement, the ISCO 500D constant flow/constant pressure control pump 14 is used, the maximum pore pressure can reach 25MPa, the pressure accuracy is 0.5% of the full scale, and the flow range is 0.001-204 cc/min. Low permeability and seepage after rock destruction, its flow rate is outside the measurement range of the equipment, prepare a small volume gas storage tank (50 cc) 15, a medium volume gas storage tank (200 cc) 16, a large volume gas storage tank (2000 cc) cc) 17, they can be independently connected to the upstream air intake pipe 10 and the downstream air outlet pipe 9. Use the constant current/constant pressure control pump 14 to pressurize these gas storage tanks, and then use the small-volume gas storage tank to perform a pulse penetration test on the sample to measure the possible ultra-low permeability. For the pressure damage or destruction of the sample Afterwards, the sample can be subjected to permeation measurements using a large-volume gas receiver. Each gas and oil pipeline is controlled by inlet and outlet valves 18 .
上、下游气体压力通过Keller压力传感器测量19，该传感器最大感应压力为20MPa，精度为0.1%；为了实现脉冲测量，上、下游进气和出气口之间连接一个偏差传感器20，它的最大压力为1.2MPa，精度低于0.1%。静水压力和偏压是利用GE druke油压传感器21测量。 The upstream and downstream gas pressures are measured by the Keller pressure sensor 19. The maximum sensing pressure of the sensor is 20MPa, and the accuracy is 0.1%. It is 1.2MPa, and the accuracy is less than 0.1%. Hydrostatic pressure and bias pressure are measured using a GE druke oil pressure transducer 21.
高温控制箱的内胎体积为800*800*1000mm，温度控制在20°C到120°C之内，温度精度为0.3°C。 The inner tube volume of the high temperature control box is 800*800*1000mm, the temperature is controlled within 20°C to 120°C, and the temperature accuracy is 0.3°C.
实验例1：Experimental example 1:
利用该设备针对泥岩开展了渗透率测量，试验方案是针对高为76mm，直径为38mm的圆柱形试样施加12MPa静水压力，温度控制在60°C，然后测量渗透测量。试验结果表明，温度加载从室温到60°C耗时15分钟，整个系统温度恒定在60.2°C，温度波动小于0.2°C，静水压力加载完，利用恒流/恒压控制泵（ISCO 500D）对最小容器储气罐加压，然后实施脉冲测量，经过12小时，系统压力达到稳定，测得渗透率为10-22m2。 The equipment was used to measure the permeability of mudstone. The test plan was to apply a hydrostatic pressure of 12MPa to a cylindrical sample with a height of 76mm and a diameter of 38mm. The temperature was controlled at 60°C, and then the permeability was measured. The test results show that it takes 15 minutes for the temperature to be loaded from room temperature to 60°C, the temperature of the whole system is constant at 60.2°C, the temperature fluctuation is less than 0.2°C, the hydrostatic pressure is loaded, and the constant flow/constant pressure control pump (ISCO 500D) is used Pressurize the air storage tank of the smallest container, and then implement pulse measurement. After 12 hours, the system pressure becomes stable, and the measured permeability is 10 -22 m 2 .
为了准确测量，对该设备进行泄漏测试。针对直径为38mm，高为76mm的金属试样，利用脉冲法进行渗透测试，观察上、下游气压变化。结果表明，该系统的泄漏量低于10-23m2的渗透率产生的压力波动。因此，该设备可以进行超低渗透率的精确测量。同时，该设备也可以灵活地测量中、高、低渗透率。 For accurate measurements, the device is leak tested. For a metal sample with a diameter of 38mm and a height of 76mm, the pulse method is used to conduct a penetration test to observe the changes in the upstream and downstream air pressure. The results show that the leakage of the system is lower than the pressure fluctuation generated by the permeability of 10 -23 m 2 . Therefore, the device can perform precise measurements of ultra-low permeability. At the same time, the device can also flexibly measure medium, high and low permeability.
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| CN104897554B (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2016-03-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Low-permeability rock gas permeability test device and test method under gas-thermal-mechanical coupling |
| CN104964905A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-10-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Tectonic coal permeability tester |
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| CN109470616B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆大学 | Multifunctional seepage testing system for rock |
| CN112284922B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-03-31 | 太原理工大学 | Coal rock mass height Wen Sanzhou rheological and dynamic and static combined loading test device |
| CN112268813B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-12-30 | 太原理工大学 | THMC coupling coal rock mass triaxial rheological test multi-parameter measuring device and method |
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