CN103645129B - A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument - Google Patents

A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument Download PDF

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CN103645129B
CN103645129B CN201310745508.XA CN201310745508A CN103645129B CN 103645129 B CN103645129 B CN 103645129B CN 201310745508 A CN201310745508 A CN 201310745508A CN 103645129 B CN103645129 B CN 103645129B
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pump
load pump
holder
triaxial cell
temperature
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CN103645129A (en
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杨典森
陈卫忠
杨建平
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument, triaxial cell is connected with hydrostatic force load pump, bias voltage load pump and constant current/constant voltage control pump respectively, wherein triaxial cell is in high-temperature control case, and hydrostatic force load pump, bias voltage load pump and constant current/constant voltage control pump are placed on outside high-temperature control case.Triaxial cell comprises base, axial piston, oil cylinder outer wall, wherein axial piston is through top, triaxial cell, there are two miniature compression chambers the latter inside, one of them compression chamber is connected with side pressure oil-in by self-equilibrating connecting pipe, the latter passes oil cylinder outer wall and is connected with hydrostatic force load pump, and another one compression chamber is connected with bias voltage load pump by axial compression oil-in.Structure is simple, and easy to use, measuring accuracy is high, can realize different temperatures, stress condition bends down permeability survey, is applicable to the hyposmosis rock soil medium permeability survey that unconventionaloil pool field, energy storage and nuke rubbish underground storage engineering relate to.

Description

A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to experiment measuring instrument technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument, for Oil in Super-low Permeability rock soil medium permeability survey provides reliable, accurate, an easy measuring equipment.This equipment may be used for the surrounding rocks such as high radioactive nucleus waste underground storage, shale gas, coal-seam gas Penetration Signature under condition of different temperatures and measures.
Background technology
In recent years, in order to solve the predicament that China's energy demand increases day by day, China just actively carries out the exploitation of unconventionaloil pool field, comprises shale gas, coal-seam gas.The large feature of these petroleum-gas fiedl one is exactly that its permeability is ultralow, usually can lower than 10 -19m 2.The permeability of Measurement accuracy oil and gas reservoir is to assessing oil, gas reservoir production capacity, selecting recovery scheme most important.Meanwhile, oil, rock gas, high radioactive nucleus waste underground storage are all the country rocks selecting to possess ultralow permeability, such as rock salt.But the ultralow permeability measuring storage medium proposes higher requirement to measuring equipment, measuring condition.
Ultralow permeability is measured mainly to be affected by multiple factors such as measuring method, measuring equipment, Measuring Time, measurement environment.According to periodical literature and patent retrieval, there is following result about ultralow permeability measuring instrument:
Permeability has two kinds of measuring methods usually: directly utilize the steady state measurement method of Darcy's law and the impulse method of indirect utilization Darcy's law and hole to press succusion.Steady state method is relatively applicable to measuring high permeability (>10 -19m 2), Wuhan Inst. of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chen Wei loyalty wait people once utilized steady state method to design a kind of hyposmosis measuring instrument (patent No.: 651282), it can measure 10 -21m 2low-permeability, the method ultimate principle is fairly simple, and measuring accuracy is higher, but its temperature controls not to be very desirable.Impulse method be at first by the people such as Brace in nineteen sixty-eight for grouan measure propose (Permeability of Graniteunder High Pressure [J]. Geophysical Research, 1968, 73(6): 2225-2236), after through the people such as Hsieh P A carried out theoretical and numerically perfect (A TransientLaboratory Method for Determining the Hydraulic Propertiesof " Tight " Rocks-I Theory [J]. International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & GeomechanicsAbstracts, 1981, 18(3): 245-252).The method is by applying a transient pulse pressure to sample one end, and then according to sample endoporus pressure attenuation law determination permeability, it, without the need to carrying out Initial Excess Pore Water Pressure balance, substantially reduces Measuring Time.The people such as the Hohai University Wang Huan tinkling of pieces of jade just utilize the method to propose a kind of compacted rock material gas permeability measuring apparatus and measuring method (patent publication No.: CN103163057A), they measure mainly for normal temperature condition sample by the measuring instrument of design, Stress control mainly controls confined pressure simultaneously, and its measuring accuracy is 10 -24m 2.Hole pressure succusion is mainly by applying vibration hole pressure (being generally periodic waveform pressure) in sample one end, according to the oscillatory response determination permeability of the other one end of sample, it can regard the combination of steady state method and impulse method as.Wu Man, Yang Xiaosong and Chen Jianye introduce a measuring system utilizing steady state method and pore pressure succusion to measure ultralow permeability, and give test calibration method, and this device fabrication cost compare is expensive.(test calibration of ultralow permeability measuring instrument and preliminary measurement results [J], seismogeology, 2011,3,719-721).
Existing document and patent retrieval show, have at present and much measure hyposmosis, the even testing equipment of Extra-low permeability, but, do not have discovery can carry out high-temperature ultralow permeability measurement well.Meanwhile, because existing Extra-low permeability measuring equipment manufacturing cost is relatively high, manufacture is simple, cost is lower, measure high-temperature ultralow permeability surveying instrument to be accurately badly in need of one.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to there are provided a high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument.This device structure is simple, easy to use, multiple functional, measuring accuracy is high, can different temperatures be realized, stress condition bends down permeability survey, be applicable to very much the hyposmosis rock soil medium permeability survey that unconventionaloil pool field, energy storage and nuke rubbish underground storage engineering relate to.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument, it presses the parts such as deviation sensor, oil pressure sensor, temperature sensor, high-temperature control case and data acquisition system (DAS) to form by triaxial cell, displacement transducer, hydrostatic force load pump, bias voltage load pump, constant current/constant voltage control pump, little volume gas-holder, middle volume gas-holder, large volume gas-holder, sensor for pore water pressure, hole, upstream and downstream.Its annexation is: triaxial cell by oil pipeline respectively with hydrostatic force load pump, bias voltage load pump is connected, be connected with constant current/constant voltage control pump by gas pipe line, wherein triaxial cell (places arbitrarily) in high-temperature control case, and hydrostatic force load pump, bias voltage load pump and constant current/constant voltage control pump are placed on outside high-temperature control case, connect triaxial cell and hydrostatic force load pump, the oil transportation of bias voltage load pump and constant current/constant voltage control pump and gas pipe line run through the circular hole that diameter reserved on the right side of high-temperature control case is 40 mm respectively, and with silica gel sealing, in two oil pipeline high-temperature cabinets, part is connected to oil pressure sensor respectively, triaxial cell includes base and axial piston, and this base and axial piston have reserved the gas passage (being called upstream inlet pipe and downstream escape pipe) that a diameter is 3mm, upstream inlet pipe is connected with constant current/constant voltage control pump, a four-pass connecting joint is set between them, a joint of four-pass connecting joint is connected with sensor for pore water pressure, and another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder with little volume gas-holder, middle volume gas-holder respectively, the outer end of downstream escape pipe connects a threeway connector, a joint of threeway connector is connected with sensor for pore water pressure, another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder with little volume gas-holder, middle volume gas-holder respectively, and the two ends of hole, upstream and downstream pressure deviation sensor are connected with downstream escape pipe with upstream inlet pipe respectively, temperature sensor is placed in high-temperature control case, one end of LVDT displacement transducer is fixed on axial piston outer end, triaxial cell, one end is fixed on base position in addition, one end of scalable displacement probe is fixed on axial piston, move together with axial piston, the scalable displacement bar of the other end contacts with the metal plate be fixed on base, the data connecting line of oil pressure sensor, sensor for pore water pressure, displacement transducer, temperature sensor is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) by circular hole reserved on the left of high-temperature control case, and uses silica gel sealing.
Described axial piston outer end and floor installation displacement transducer, temperature sensor is arranged in high-temperature control case.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1. realize seeping at high temperature to measure, and have higher temperature control precision, temperature error controls within 0.3 ° of C;
2. realize ultralow permeability and measure (<10 -23m 2), and can handover measurement high permeability (10 flexibly -15m 2);
3. Temperature-Stress coupling condition is realized, rock permeability and deformation evolution tracking measurement;
4. the gas-holder utilizing multiple volume not wait, realizes quasi steady state method and impulse method two kinds of method universal measurements;
5. overall system architecture is simple, reliability is high, development cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument structural representation.
Fig. 2 is high temperature ultra-low penetration triaxial cell used schematic diagram
Wherein: 1-sample seal rubber sleeve, 2-rigidity permeable stone, 3-triaxial cell base, 4-axial piston, 5-oil cylinder outer wall, 6-side pressure oil-in; 7-self-equilibrating connecting pipe; 8-axial compression oil-in; 9-downstream escape pipe; 10-upstream inlet pipe, 11-LVDT displacement transducer, 12-bias voltage load pump (GDS), 13-hydrostatic force load pump (GDS); 14-constant current/constant voltage control pump (ISCO 500D); The little volume gas-holder of 15-; 16-medium capacity gas-holder; The large volume gas-holder of 17-; 18-is into and out of valve; 19-sensor for pore water pressure (Keller); Hole, 20-upstream and downstream pressure deviation sensor; 21-oil pressure sensor (GE druke); 22-high-temperature control case; 23-temperature sensor (Jumo), 24-acquisition system (PCI capture card and Labview software).
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
A kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument (Fig. 1), it presses the parts such as deviation sensor 20, oil pressure sensor 21, temperature sensor 23, high-temperature control case 22 and data acquisition system (DAS) 24 to form by triaxial cell, displacement transducer 11, hydrostatic force load pump 13 and bias voltage load pump 12, constant current/constant voltage control pump 14, little volume gas-holder 15, middle volume gas-holder 16, large volume gas-holder 17, sensor for pore water pressure 19, hole, upstream and downstream.Its annexation is: triaxial cell by oil pipeline respectively with hydrostatic force load pump 13, bias voltage load pump 12 is connected, be connected with constant current/constant voltage control pump 14 by gas pipe line, wherein triaxial cell (places arbitrarily) in high-temperature control case 22, and hydrostatic force load pump 13, bias voltage load pump 12 and constant current/constant voltage control pump 14 are placed on outside high-temperature control case 22, connect triaxial cell and hydrostatic force load pump, the oil transportation of bias voltage load pump and constant current/constant voltage control pump and gas pipe line run through the circular hole that diameter reserved on the right side of high-temperature control case is 40 mm respectively, and with silica gel sealing, in two oil pipeline high-temperature cabinets, part is connected to oil pressure sensor 21 respectively, triaxial cell includes base 3 and axial piston 4, and this base 3 and axial piston 4 have reserved the gas passage (being called upstream inlet pipe 10 and downstream escape pipe 9) that a diameter is 3mm, upstream inlet pipe 10 is connected with constant current/constant voltage control pump 14, a four-pass connecting joint is set between them, a joint of four-pass connecting joint is connected with sensor for pore water pressure 19, and another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder (2000 cc) 17 with little volume gas-holder (50 cc) 15, middle volume gas-holder (200 cc) 16 respectively, the outer end of downstream escape pipe connects a threeway connector, a joint of threeway connector is connected with sensor for pore water pressure 19, another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder (2000 cc) 17 with little volume gas-holder (50 cc) 15, middle volume gas-holder (200 cc) 16 respectively, and the two ends of hole, upstream and downstream pressure deviation sensor 20 are connected with downstream escape pipe 9 with upstream inlet pipe 10 respectively, temperature sensor 23 is placed in high-temperature control case, one end of LVDT displacement transducer 11 is fixed on triaxial cell's axial piston 4 outer end, one end is fixed on base 3 place in addition, and scalable displacement probe moves together with axial piston 4, and contacts with the metal plate being fixed on base 3 one end.The data connecting line of oil pressure sensor 21, sensor for pore water pressure 19, LVDT displacement transducer 11, temperature sensor 23 is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) 24 by circular hole reserved on the left of high-temperature control case 22, and uses silica gel sealing.
Triaxial cell is connected with hydrostatic force load pump 13, bias voltage load pump 12 and constant current/constant voltage control pump 14 respectively, wherein triaxial cell (places arbitrarily) in high-temperature control case 22, and hydrostatic force load pump 13, bias voltage load pump 12 and constant current/constant voltage control pump 14 are placed on outside high-temperature control case 22; Triaxial cell mainly comprises base 3, axial piston 4, oil cylinder outer wall 5, wherein axial piston 4 is through top, triaxial cell, there are two miniature compression chambers the latter inside, one of them compression chamber is connected with side pressure oil-in 6 by self-equilibrating connecting pipe 7, the latter is through oil cylinder outer wall 5 and be connected with hydrostatic force load pump 13 and realize hydrostatic force and load, and another one compression chamber to be connected with bias voltage load pump 12 by axial compression oil-in 8 and to realize bias voltage loading.The high voltage control pump of GDS company of selected servo loading Beng Shi Britain, hydrostatic force is 32MPa to the maximum, and bias voltage is 64MPa to the maximum, and pressure controling precision is 0.1% of full scale.
It is the gas passage of 3mm that described triaxial cell's base 3 and axial piston 4 have all reserved a diameter, upstream inlet pipe 10 and downstream escape pipe 9 are connected with large volume gas-holder 17 with little volume gas-holder 15, middle volume gas-holder 16 successively, and hole pressure deviation sensor 20 is connected with downstream escape pipe 9 with upstream inlet pipe 10 respectively.Upstream inlet pipe 10 is connected with constant current/constant voltage control pump 14, a four-pass connecting joint is set between them, a joint of four-pass connecting joint is connected with sensor for pore water pressure 19, and another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder (2000 cc) 17 with little volume gas-holder (50 cc) 15, middle volume gas-holder (200 cc) 16 respectively; The outer end of downstream escape pipe connects a threeway connector, a joint of threeway connector is connected with sensor for pore water pressure 19, another one joint is connected with large volume gas-holder (2000 cc) 17 with little volume gas-holder (50 cc) 15, middle volume gas-holder (200 cc) 16 respectively, and the two ends of hole, upstream and downstream pressure deviation sensor 20 are connected with downstream escape pipe 9 with upstream inlet pipe 10 respectively; Gas flows through rock sample by upstream inlet pipe 10, and is flowed out by downstream escape pipe 9, and wherein sample and axial piston 4 diameter are 38mm.Described axial piston 4 outer end and base 3 have installed displacement transducer 11, and temperature sensor 23 is arranged in high-temperature control case 22.In order to realize even air pressure by sample end, prepare 2 thick be the metal permeable stone 2 of 2mm, be placed on sample two ends respectively.In order to control gas leakage problem, the VITTON HT silica gel 1 of Piercan company is adopted to carry out seal sample.In triaxial cell's axial piston 4 outer end and base 3, LVDT displacement transducer 11 has been installed simultaneously, one end of scalable displacement probe is fixed on axial piston 4, move together with axial piston, the scalable displacement bar of the other end contacts with fixing metal plate on the base 3, the range of this sensor is 10mm, and precision is 0.1% of full scale.
Measure to realize ultralow permeability, adopt ISCO 500D constant current/constant voltage control pump 14, its largest hole pressure can reach 25MPa, pressure precision is 0.5% of full scale, flow range is 0.001-204 cc/min, permeate after considering ultralow permeability and the rock failure mechanism of rock, its flow is outside this device measuring scope, prepared 15 of little volume gas-holder (50 cc), medium capacity gas-holder (200cc) 16, large volume gas-holder (2000 cc) 17, they can realize being connected with upstream inlet pipe 10, downstream escape pipe 9 separately.Utilize constant current/constant voltage control pump 14, these gas-holder are pressurizeed, then first utilizes little volume gas-holder to carry out pulse penetration testing to sample, measure possible ultralow permeability, after the damage of sample pressurized or destroying, large volume gas-holder can be adopted to carry out infiltration to sample and to measure.Each gas and oil circuit pipeline utilize and control into and out of valve 18.
Upstream and downstream gaseous tension measures 19 by Keller pressure transducer, and the maximum induction pressure of this sensor is 20MPa, and precision is 0.1%; In order to realize impulsive measurement, connect a deviation sensor 20 between upstream and downstream air inlet and gas outlet, its maximum pressure is 1.2MPa, and precision is lower than 0.1%.Hydrostatic force and bias voltage utilize GE druke oil pressure sensor 21 to measure.
The inner tube of a tyre volume of high-temperature control case is 800*800*1000mm, and temperature controls within 20 ° of C to 120 ° of C, and temperature accuracy is 0.3 ° of C.
experimental example 1:
Utilize this equipment to carry out permeability survey for mud stone, testing program is 76mm for height, and diameter is that the cylindrical sample of 38mm applies 12MPa hydrostatic force, and temperature controls at 60 ° of C, then measures infiltration and measures.Test findings shows, temperature loads from room temperature to 15 minutes consuming time of 60 ° of C, whole system temperature constant is at 60.2 ° of C, temperature fluctuation is less than 0.2 ° of C, and hydrostatic force has loaded, and utilizes constant current/constant voltage control pump (ISCO 500D) to pressurize to smallest vessel gas-holder, then impulsive measurement is implemented, through 12 hours, system pressure reached stable, and recording permeability is 10 -22m 2.
In order to Measurement accuracy, leak-testing is carried out to this equipment.Be 38mm for diameter, height is the test button of 76mm, utilizes impulse method to carry out penetration testing, observes upstream and downstream air pressure change.Result shows, the leakage rate of this system is lower than 10 -23m 2permeability produce pressure surge.Therefore, this equipment can carry out the accurate measurement of ultralow permeability.Meanwhile, this equipment also can measure middle and high, low-permeability neatly.

Claims (2)

1. a high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument, it comprises triaxial cell, hydrostatic force load pump (13) and bias voltage load pump (12), constant current/constant voltage control pump (14), high-temperature control case (22), it is characterized in that: triaxial cell respectively with hydrostatic force load pump (13), bias voltage load pump (12) and constant current/constant voltage control pump (14) are connected, wherein triaxial cell is in high-temperature control case (22), hydrostatic force load pump (13), bias voltage load pump (12) and constant current/constant voltage control pump (14) are placed on high-temperature control case (22) outward, temperature sensor (23) is arranged in high-temperature control case (22), axial piston (4) outer end and base (3) have installed displacement transducer (11), it is the gas passage of 3mm that base (3) and axial piston (4) have reserved a diameter, upstream inlet pipe (10) and downstream escape pipe (9) all successively with little volume gas-holder (15), middle volume gas-holder (16) is connected with large volume gas-holder (17), the two ends in hole pressure deviation sensor (20) are connected with downstream escape pipe (9) with upstream inlet pipe (10) respectively, upstream inlet pipe (10), downstream escape pipe (9), little volume gas-holder (15), middle volume gas-holder (16) and large volume gas-holder (17), hole pressure deviation sensor (20) and temperature sensor (23) are arranged in high-temperature control case (22).
2. according to a kind of high-temperature ultralow permeability measuring instrument described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described triaxial cell comprises base (3), axial piston (4), oil cylinder outer wall (5), wherein axial piston (4) is through top, triaxial cell, triaxial cell's top interior has two miniature compression chambers, one of them compression chamber is connected with side pressure oil-in (6) by self-equilibrating connecting pipe (7), side pressure oil-in (6) is through oil cylinder outer wall (5), and be connected with hydrostatic force load pump (13), another one compression chamber is connected with bias voltage load pump (12) by axial compression oil-in (8).
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