CN106323760A - Method for testing rock fragility - Google Patents

Method for testing rock fragility Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106323760A
CN106323760A CN201610655794.4A CN201610655794A CN106323760A CN 106323760 A CN106323760 A CN 106323760A CN 201610655794 A CN201610655794 A CN 201610655794A CN 106323760 A CN106323760 A CN 106323760A
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acoustic emission
strain
stress
base
rock
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/18Performing tests at high or low temperatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/06Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019Compressive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226High temperature; Heating means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0658Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors

Abstract

The invention provides a method for testing rock fragility. According to the technical scheme, the method includes the steps that 1, through a testing device, a three-axis compression experiment is carried out at high temperature, and then synchronous data of acoustic emission accumulated energy and stress-strain of rock is obtained; 2, a relation model of the acoustic emission accumulated energy, stress-strain and a rock fragility index is established; 3, according to the relation model, the rock fragility index is determined through the synchronous data. The method has the advantages that according to the relation model of the acoustic emission accumulated energy, stress-strain and the rock fragility index, the in-situ shale fragility index is determined from the perspective of energy, higher reliability and accuracy are achieved, and the reasonability of rock fragility evaluation is improved.

Description

A kind of rock brittleness test method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rock Mechanics Test field, particularly to a kind of rock brittleness test method.
Background technology
Owing to shale reservoir is fine and close, belongs to low hole, Oil in Super-low Permeability Reservoirs, need to carry out pressure break work to realize economic development Industry, and rock brittleness is as the intrinsic mechanical attribute of rock, determines the pressure break of shale reservoir and the difficulty or ease of fracturing reform Degree.Therefore, typically being evaluated the pressure break of rock by the brittleness index of rock, brittleness index is the highest, and reservoir one is described As character the most crisp, sensitive to the reaction of fracturing work, the chicken-wire cracking of complexity can be quickly formed.
At present, acoustic emission brittleness index algoscopy is to be measured by acoustic emission energy size during rock fracture, If Chinese Patent Application No. is the patent of invention of 201310254628.X, consider from acoustic emission energy size merely, and ignore examination During the extrinsic factor differences such as sample form, loading speed, acoustic emission energy size changes therewith so that the brittleness index of mensuration There is deviation.During additionally, carry out acoustic emission experiment, on the one hand acoustic emission sensor is placed on outside autoclave pressure more, causes acoustic emission Signal energy loss is serious, on the other hand acoustic emission device can not synchronization gain shale in situ characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter and should Power-strain data, reduces the accuracy measuring rock brittleness index.Such as, 20 1 kinds of rock brittleness test sides of Application No. Method 0212775.1 patent of invention and Application No. 201320057732.5 patent of invention, although acoustic emission sensor is placed in base, Reduce the loss of Acoustic Emission Signal Energy, but shale characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter and should can not be synchronized to obtain under in-situ temperature pressure Power-strain data.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the drawbacks described above that prior art exists, it is provided that a kind of rock brittleness test method, By improving assay device, optimizing assay method, improve shale brittleness index is evaluated in situ reasonability and accuracy.
A kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device that the present invention mentions, including triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston rod (8), acoustic emission sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seals with sealing ring I (9), can be used for executing to rock core (11) Plus-pressure;Described base (14) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with sealing ring II (15);Described rock core (11) is put Put between piston rod (8) and base (14), seal by thermoplastic tube (3);Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) Bottom, for injecting, getting rid of liquid, it is achieved load rock core (11), unload confined pressure in still chamber (2);Described air vent (10) It is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing;Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on Triaxial pressure still (1) outer wall, for heating still chamber;Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), uses inner waterproofing rubber Plug (6) seals, and its data wire I (18) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and by computer (20) displays temperature size;Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto (11) four, rock core not Tongfang Position, its data wire II (21) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, is connected with strain gauge (24), and is shown by computer (20) Strain data;It is internal that described acoustic emission sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fixes with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), its number Pass sequentially through line base (14) according to line III (22) to derive, be connected with acoustic emission detector, and shown acoustic emission by computer (20) Data.
Above-mentioned base (14) is made up of base body and base cavity (30), and described base body is by the first base body (14.1), the second base body (14.2) and the 3rd base body (14.3) composition entirety, and three base bodies are that diameter is sequentially reduced Cylinder, the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity (30), and the upper surface of the first base body (14.1) and three axles Autoclave pressure (1) bottom contact coordinate, in the bottom of the axial external surface of the second base body (14.2) and triaxial pressure still (1) Wall contacts;The described axial external surface of the 3rd base body (14.3) coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube (3);Described triaxial pressure Still chamber (2) is formed between the inwall of still (1), the upper surface of the second base body (14.2) and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube (3).
Preferably, above-mentioned the first base body (14.1) is provided with the wire casing IV (28) of a radial direction, outside wire casing IV (28) End is located at the outer wall of the first base body (14.1), and the inner is communicated to wire casing I (25);Described the second base body (14.2) is provided with Article one, axial wire casing II (26), the upper end of described wire casing II (26) is located at the upper surface of the second base body (14.2), lower end It is communicated to wire casing IV (28);The 3rd described base body (14.3) is provided with wire casing V (29) radially and axial wire casing I (25), the upper end of wire casing I (25) connects with wire casing V (29), and lower end connects with wire casing IV (28) and base cavity (30);Described Wire casing V (29) be located at the upper end of the 3rd base body (14.3).
It addition, above-mentioned electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), temperature sensor (4) is accurately measured Still chamber (2) temperature.
Rock core (11) is applied in press process by above-mentioned piston rod (8), it is achieved foil gauge (12) and acoustic emission sensor (16) synchronism output data.
The rock brittleness test method that the present invention mentions, comprises the following steps:
(1), triaxial compression test under hot conditions is carried out by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, Acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain to shale in situ;
(2) acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, are set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the brittleness index of shale in situ is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale brittleness index is as follows Set up:
(a), carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, To the stress-strain of shale, the synchrodata of acoustic emission accumulative energy in situ;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stressσWith acoustic emission accumulative energy ln(E AE )With strainεChange curve;
(c), on load-deformation curve, mark stress starting point, surrender starting point and remaining starting point, and calculate at sound Launch the slope of 3 corresponding line segments on cumlative energy curve;
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, acoustic emission accumulative energy and the relation of rock brittleness, determines shale fragility in situ The relational model of index.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) assay device of the present invention is rational in infrastructure, simple to operate, has broken away from large-scale The restriction of triaxial compressions machine, it is possible to be widely used in job site and research unit, carries out the triaxial compressions under hot conditions real Test;
(2) acoustic emission sensor of the present invention is built in base, and acoustic emission signal directly passes to acoustic emission by base and passes Sensor, this base is unique design structure, simplifies the volume of experimental provision, facilitates experiment, decreases by three axial compressions Acoustic Emission Signal Energy loss during power still, improves shale brittleness index in situ and evaluates accuracy;
(3) piston rod of the present invention applies pressure, foil gauge and acoustic emission sensor synchronism output data to rock core, it is to avoid The error produced when obtaining stress-strain value and acoustic emission cumulative energy value respectively;
(4) acoustic emission accumulative energy of the present invention, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, from energy Angle-determining shale brittleness index in situ, relatively reliable, and degree of accuracy is high, improves the reasonable of original position shale brittleness evaluation Property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal section of structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structural front view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device pedestal structure top view of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is under the same coordinate system, and stress and acoustic emission accumulative energy are with the variation relation curve synoptic diagram strained.
In figure, 1, triaxial pressure still, 2, still chamber, 3, thermoplastic tube, 4, temperature sensor, 5, water proof rubber plug, 6, liquid injection port, 7, screw, 8, piston rod, 9, sealing ring I, 10, air vent, 11, rock core, 12, foil gauge, 13, electromagnetic heating coil, 14, base, 15, sealing ring II, 16, acoustic emission sensor, 17, rubber blanket, 18, data wire I, 19, temperature measuring set, 20, computer, 21, Data wire II, 22, data wire III, 23, acoustic emission detector, 24, strain testing instrument, 25, wire casing I, 26, wire casing II, 27, wire casing III, 28, wire casing IV, 29, wire casing V, 30, base cavity, 31, screw V, 32, screw III, 33, screw I, 34, screw II, 35, Screw IV;14.1, the first base body, the 14.2, second base body, the 14.3, the 3rd base body.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail with embodiment.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of based on acoustic emission the original position shale brittleness test device of the present invention, including: three axles Autoclave pressure 1, base 14, piston rod 8, acoustic emission sensor 16, temperature sensor 4, foil gauge 12, electromagnetic heating coil 13.
Described piston rod 8 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 upper end, seals with sealing ring I 9, can be used for applying pressure to rock core 11 Power;Described base 14 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end, seals with sealing ring II 15, and by screw I 33, screw II 34, spiral shell Hole III 32, screw IV 35 are fixed;Described rock core 11 is placed between piston rod 8 and base 14, seals by thermoplastic tube 3;Described note Liquid mouth 6 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 bottom, for injecting in still chamber 2, getting rid of liquid, it is achieved load rock core 11, unload and enclose Pressure;Described air vent 10 is placed in triaxial pressure still 1 top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing;Described electromagnetism adds Gas ket 13 is arranged on triaxial pressure still 1 outer wall, for heating still chamber;Described temperature sensor 4 is arranged on base 14, with interior Water proof rubber plug 6 seals, and its data wire I 18 is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and by computer 20 displays temperature size;Described should Becoming sheet 12 to be arranged in thermoplastic tube 3, and be pasted onto 11 4 different azimuth of rock core, its data wire II 21 is with strain gauge 24 even Connect, and shown strain data by computer 20;It is internal that described acoustic emission sensor 16 is arranged on base 14, with rubber blanket 17, spiral shell Silk 7 is fixed, and its data wire III 22 is connected with acoustic emission detector, and is shown acoustic emission data by computer 20.
As shown in Figure 2,3, 4, the base device of the present invention, including: base body, base cavity 30, wire casing I 25, wire casing II 26, wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28, screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35, screw V 31,
Described base body is formed entirety by first base body the 14.1, second base body 14.2 and the 3rd base body 14.3, and Three base bodies are the cylinder that diameter is sequentially reduced, and the center of three base bodies is provided with base cavity 30, and the first base The upper surface of body 14.1 and triaxial pressure still 1 bottom contact cooperation, the axial external surface of the second base body 14.2 and three axles The bottom interior wall contact of autoclave pressure 1;The described axial external surface of the 3rd base body 14.3 coordinates with the inwall of thermoplastic tube 3;Institute The inwall of triaxial pressure still 1 stated, between the upper surface of the second base body 14.2 and the outer wall of thermoplastic tube 3, form still chamber 2.
Preferably, the first above-mentioned base body 14.1 is provided with the wire casing IV 28 of a radial direction, and the outer end of wire casing IV 28 is located at The outer wall of the first base body 14.1, the inner is communicated to wire casing I 25;The second described base body 14.2 is provided with an axial line Groove II 26, the upper end of described wire casing II 26 is located at the upper surface of the second base body 14.2, and lower end is communicated to wire casing IV 28;Described The 3rd base body 14.3 be provided with wire casing V 29 radially and axial wire casing I 25, the upper end of wire casing I 25 is with wire casing V 29 even Logical, lower end connects with wire casing IV 28 and base cavity 30;Described wire casing V 29 is located at the upper end of the 3rd base body 14.3.
It addition, base 14 is fixed on triaxial pressure still 1 lower end by screw I 33, screw II 34, screw III 32, screw IV 35; Described data wire I 18 passes sequentially through wire casing II 26, wire casing IV 28 is derived, and is connected with temperature measuring set 19, and is shown by computer 20 Temp. displaying function size;Described data wire II 21 passes sequentially through wire casing V 29, wire casing I 25, wire casing IV 28 derivation, with strain gauge 24 Connect;Described data wire III 22 passes sequentially through wire casing III 27, wire casing IV 28 is derived, and is connected with acoustic emission detector.
A kind of rock brittleness test method that the present invention mentions, including:
(1), to choose shale and be processed into straight well be 25mm, and height is the standard core sample of 50mm, is placed on described assay device, Carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtain acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain of shale in situ;
(2) acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, are set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the brittleness index of shale in situ is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale brittleness index is as follows Set up:
(a), utilize described assay device to carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions, obtain the acoustic emission accumulation energy of in situ shale Amount and the synchrodata of stress-strain;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stress (σ) and acoustic emission accumulative energy (ln(E AE )) with strain (ε) change Change curve, as shown in Figure 5.Mark stress starting point A by load-deformation curve, surrender starting point B, remaining starting point C, And on acoustic emission accumulative energy curve, mark a B, some D corresponding for some C, put E;
(c), some A and some D is connected, some D and some E connects, thus draws line segment AD, the slope of line segment DE respectively:
(1)
(2)
In formula,Slope for line segment AD;Slope for line segment DE;Acoustic emission for stress initial time is accumulated Energy value;For surrendering the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of initial time;Acoustic emission accumulative energy for remaining initial time Value;Strain value for stress initial time;For surrendering the strain value of initial time;Strain for remaining initial time Value.
Research shows, the result that the unstable failure of rock is an energy dissipation and energy discharges suddenly, before surrender, and energy Being mainly used in deformation, the energy that acoustic emission sensor detects is more weak;After surrender, energy is then used for destroying, acoustic emission sensor The energy signal detected is stronger.Therefore, rock is in triaxial compressions destructive process, and not up to during yield point, rock exists one Individual relatively long quiet period, degree of brittleness is the best, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases the slowest, corresponding slopeThe least;When being between yield point and remaining point, degree of brittleness is the best, and the acoustic emission accumulative energy of rock increases more Hurry up, corresponding slopeThe biggest.
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, acoustic emission accumulative energy and the relation of rock brittleness, is set up and is launched accumulation The relational model of energy, stress-strain and in situ shale brittleness index:
(3)
In formula:Brittleness index for rock.
The above, be only the part preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any those of ordinary skill in the art all may profit Revised or be revised as the technical scheme of equivalent by the technical scheme of above-mentioned elaboration.Therefore, according to the technology of the present invention Any simple modification that scheme is carried out or substitute equivalents, belong to the greatest extent the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a rock brittleness test method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1), triaxial compression test under hot conditions is carried out by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, Acoustic emission accumulative energy and the synchrodata of stress-strain to shale in situ;
(2) acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and the relational model of original position shale brittleness index, are set up;
(3), according to described relational model, by described synchrodata, the brittleness index of shale in situ is determined;
Wherein, the relational model of described acoustic emission accumulative energy, stress-strain and original position shale brittleness index is as follows Set up:
(a), carry out triaxial compression test under hot conditions by original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission, To the stress-strain of shale, the synchrodata of acoustic emission accumulative energy in situ;
(b), under the same coordinate system, draw stressσWith acoustic emission accumulative energy ln(E AE )With strainεChange curve; Mark stress starting point A by load-deformation curve, surrender starting point B, remaining starting point C, and at acoustic emission accumulative energy Mark a B, some D corresponding for some C on curve, put E;
(c), on load-deformation curve, mark stress starting point, surrender starting point and remaining starting point, and calculate at sound Launch the slope of 3 corresponding line segments on cumlative energy curve;
Being connected by some A and some D, some D and some E connects, thus draws line segment AD, the slope of line segment DE respectively:
(1)
(2)
In formula,Slope for line segment AD;Slope for line segment DE;Acoustic emission accumulative energy for stress initial time Value;For surrendering the acoustic emission accumulative energy value of initial time;Acoustic emission accumulative energy value for remaining initial time; Strain value for stress initial time;For surrendering the strain value of initial time;Strain value for remaining initial time;
D (), according to stress-strain different phase, acoustic emission accumulative energy and the relation of rock brittleness, determines shale fragility in situ The relational model of index;
(3)
In formula:Brittleness index for rock;
Wherein, original position shale brittleness test device based on acoustic emission includes triaxial pressure still (1), base (14), piston Bar (8), acoustic emission sensor (16), temperature sensor (4), foil gauge (12), electromagnetic heating coil (13), described piston rod (8) It is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) upper end, seals with sealing ring I (9), can be used for applying pressure to rock core (11);Described base (14) it is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) lower end, seals with sealing ring II (15);Described rock core (11) be placed on piston rod (8) with Between base (14), seal by thermoplastic tube (3);Described liquid injection port (6) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) bottom, for still chamber (2) injection, drain in, it is achieved rock core (11) is loaded, unloads confined pressure;Described air vent (10) is placed in triaxial pressure still (1) top, for still intracavity discharge gas or inflation discharge opeing;Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is arranged on triaxial pressure still (1) outward Wall, for heating still chamber;Described temperature sensor (4) is arranged on base (14), seals with inner waterproofing rubber stopper (6), its Data wire I (18) passes sequentially through base (14) and derives, and is connected with temperature measuring set (19), and big by computer (20) displays temperature Little;Described foil gauge (12) is arranged in thermoplastic tube (3), and is pasted onto (11) four different azimuth of rock core, its data wire II (21) pass sequentially through base (14) to derive, be connected with strain gauge (24), and shown strain data by computer (20);Described It is internal that acoustic emission sensor (16) is arranged on base (14), fixes with rubber blanket (17), screw (7), and its data wire III (22) depends on Secondary by line base (14) derive, is connected with acoustic emission detector, and by computer (20) display acoustic emission data;
Described electromagnetic heating coil (13) is for heating triaxial pressure still (1), and still chamber (2) temperature is accurately measured in temperature sensor (4) Degree;
Rock core (11) is applied in press process by described piston rod (8), it is achieved foil gauge (12) and acoustic emission sensor (16) are same Step output data.
CN201610655794.4A 2015-09-25 2015-09-25 Method for testing rock fragility Withdrawn CN106323760A (en)

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