CN105545487A - 联合循环发电设备 - Google Patents

联合循环发电设备 Download PDF

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CN105545487A
CN105545487A CN201510709717.8A CN201510709717A CN105545487A CN 105545487 A CN105545487 A CN 105545487A CN 201510709717 A CN201510709717 A CN 201510709717A CN 105545487 A CN105545487 A CN 105545487A
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combined cycle
recuperator
power plant
cycle power
incinerator
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A.埃罗格鲁
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Energy Resources Switzerland AG
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/103Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/12Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
    • F01K23/16Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled all the engines being turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F02C7/10Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Abstract

本发明大体上涉及联合循环发电设备。更具体而言,本发明涉及其中离开涡轮的气流的温度降低而不需要在余热回收蒸汽发生器内使用高成本镍合金的设备。

Description

联合循环发电设备
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及联合循环发电设备。更具体而言,本发明涉及其中离开涡轮的气流的温度降低而不需要在余热回收蒸汽发生器内使用高成本镍合金的设备。
背景技术
如公知的,在联合循环发电设备中,燃气涡轮循环的热排出气体传送到余热回收蒸汽发生器中,其使用排出气体的可用的热来抽取能量用于运转蒸汽发电设备,导致相比于单一发电设备循环时的改进的总体效率。
为了使联合循环的效率最大化,离开燃气涡轮的排出气体的温度应当为大约700o。然而,由于余热回收蒸汽发生器将需要安装承受进入气流的温度所需的高成本的镍合金,故此类温度对蒸汽循环提出了显著的挑战。此外,余热回收蒸汽发生器将需要实施厚管路和壳,这将导致降低的操作灵活性。
已经提出了上述技术问题的可能解决方案,但它们所有都与显著的效率损失或危险材料相关联。这些包括甲烷与蒸汽和热燃料再形成合成气,或使用具有双重换热器和填充有钠、钾或铯的管的热管类型的解决方案。然而,已知的是合成气由于逆燃风险而难以焚烧,并且再形成与水和能量损失相关联。碱金属由于与水反应的风险而为危险的。较简单的构思包括燃料预热,这在燃料更好地适于循环的较低能量部分时是不可取的。
为了缓解这些问题,需要一种可将余热回收蒸汽发生器入口温度优选从700℃降低至650℃的水平的解决方案。为了该目的,此类解决方案应当能够降低燃气涡轮出口温度,并且优选将能量输送至循环中的最高点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过提供大致如独立权利要求1中限定的联合循环设备来解决前述技术问题。
优选实施例在对应的从属权利要求中限定。
根据将仅出于示例性且非限制性目的在以下详细描述中描述的优选实施例,本解决方案教导了一种联合循环设备,其使用同流换热,以便将高效燃气涡轮循环的出口温度优选从700℃降低至大约650℃,并且将同流换热的空气喷射到恒压连续燃烧系统的稀释空气混合器中。以该方式,避免了蒸汽循环中的高成本合金的使用,并且保持了高效和低排放循环。
根据本发明的方面,提供了一种联合循环发电设备,其包括用于压缩气流的压缩机、燃气涡轮、用于加热压缩气体的焚烧器,焚烧器插置在压缩机与燃气涡轮之间,定位在燃气涡轮下游和余热回收蒸汽发生器上游并且构造成使用热排出气体来产生蒸汽的余热回收蒸汽发生器;发电设备还包括位于燃气涡轮下游的同流换热器和用于使从压缩机离开的压缩气体的气流的一部分流出的流出管线,流出管线到达同流换热器,其中同流换热器构造成借助于由流出管线传送的压缩气体的气流的部分降低离开燃气涡轮的热排出气体的温度。
根据本发明的优选方面,同流换热器适于将离开所述燃气涡轮的热排出气体的温度从大约700o降低至大约650o
根据本发明的优选方面,其适于将由流出管线传送到同流换热器中的气流的部分的温度从大约480o升高至大约680o
根据本发明的优选方面,其中流出管线适于抽取气流,该气流为离开压缩机的压缩气流的至少25%。
根据本发明的优选方面,离开同流换热器的流出气流通过流出管线喷射到焚烧器中。在其中焚烧器包括单级燃烧器的实施例中,离开同流换热器的流出流喷射在单个燃烧器上游。在其中焚烧器包括主燃烧器、再热燃烧器和布置在它们之间的稀释空气混合器的实施例中,离开同流换热器的流出气流通过流出管线喷射到稀释空气混合器中。
附图说明
本发明的前述目的和所附优点中的许多个将变得更容易认识到,因为其通过参照连同附图进行时的以下详细描述而变得更好理解,在该附图中:
图1示出了根据已知技术的联合循环设备的示意图;
图2示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的联合循环设备的示意图;
图3示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的联合循环设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,示出了根据现有技术的联合循环设备10。联合循环设备10包括大体上以附图标记100指示的气体发电设备,以及蒸汽发电设备200。气体发电设备和蒸汽发电设备协作来使轴80旋转,轴80继而连接于发电机70用于发电。气体发电设备100包括压缩机20,其吸入气流(典型地是来自外部环境的空气)并且驱动其至焚烧器40(升高其压力),焚烧器40将其进一步激励。焚烧的气体接着在燃气涡轮30中膨胀,燃气涡轮30使轴80旋转用于产生有用功。
典型地具有大约700o的温度的离开涡轮30的热排出气体接着传送到余热回收蒸汽发生器50中,其使用排出热来在蒸汽发电设备200中产生蒸汽,如在附图的图中指示的。过热蒸汽接着膨胀到蒸汽涡轮90中,蒸汽涡轮90与燃气涡轮30协作来将转矩生成到轴80上以产生电能。如能够在图1的现有技术图中清楚看到的,离开压缩机20的所有压缩空气驱动到焚烧器40中。
现在接下来参照图2,示出了根据本发明的联合循环设备1的示意图。具体而言,联合循环1包括以数字1000指示的气体发电设备,以及协作来将转矩给予轴80用于在发电机70处产生电能的蒸汽发电设备2000。
气体设备1000包括用于压缩气流(典型地是来自外部环境的空气)的压缩机2,该气流接着驱动到焚烧器3中,焚烧器3插置在压缩机2与燃气涡轮4之间,进一步激励该气流。焚烧气体接着膨胀到涡轮4中,涡轮4使轴80旋转用于产生能量。离开燃气涡轮3的热排出气体接着传送到余热回收蒸汽发生器5中,其定位在燃气涡轮4下游并且构造成使用热排出气体来产生蒸汽。如此产生的蒸汽接着放出到蒸汽涡轮90中用于使轴80旋转。根据本发明,联合循环1还包括位于燃气涡轮4下游和余热回收蒸汽发生器5上游的同流换热器6。作为本技术领域中的构件的同流换热器是本身已知的,并且因此根据本发明的联合循环中其实施所需的知识和技术专长将认作是在本领域的技术人员的能力范围内。联合循环1还包括流出管线7,其适于使离开压缩机2的压缩气流的一部分流出,并且将压缩气体的此类部分传送至同流换热器6。同流换热器6接着构造成借助于由流出管线7传送的压缩气流的该部分来降低离开燃气涡轮3的热排出气体的温度,这继而升高该部分的温度。热排出气体的典型出口温度为大约700o。有利的是,同流换热器6适于将热排出气体的温度从大致700o降低至大约650o。此外,同流换热器还有利地改变成使得热排出气体的温度降低通过由流出管线7传送的压缩气流的温度的从大约480o到大约680o的升高来平衡。结果,进入余热回收蒸汽发生器5中的热排出气体具有由同流换热器6实现的较低温度,同流换热器6实现了离开燃气涡轮4的热排出气体与从压缩机2流出的压缩气体之间的热交换,该压缩气体借助于流出管线7传送至同流换热器6。
作为优选,流出管线7构造成抽取气流,其为离开压缩机2的压缩气体的总流的大约25%。
仍参照图2,根据本发明的又一个优选方面,离开同流换热器6的流出气流通过流出管线7喷射到焚烧器3中。在图2中绘出的实施例中,联合循环设备1包括单级燃烧器30。作为非限制性实例,压缩气流可喷射在单级燃烧器30的上游,具体是通过燃烧器的冷却布置。由此通过引用并入的公开EP2738469A1中公开了具有近壁冷却布置的此类燃烧器的实例,通过其,流出的气流可再插入循环中,还实现了有利的冷却效果。
在单级燃烧器30的冷却部分中经历的压降典型地为大约2.5%。因此,为了避免燃烧器30的冷却布置内的压力梯度,流出管线构造成在其从压缩机2穿过同流换热器6行进至燃烧器30期间给予气流相等的压降。
现在参照图3,示出了根据本发明的联合循环设备1,其中焚烧器3包括主燃烧器31、再热燃烧器32和稀释空气混合器33。此类连续燃烧器是本领域技术人员已知的,并且一些实例在由此通过引用并入的US2014/0033728、WO2011/061059和EP2722508中公开。
作为优选,离开同流换热器6的流出气流通过空气稀释混合器33喷射到焚烧器3中。其中稀释空气在连续燃烧中与热主流混合的布置的实例在此处通过引用并入的公开US2014/0053566中公开。类似于具有单级燃烧器的实施例,流出管线7构造成确保与离开焚烧器3的主燃烧器31的压缩空气流经历的类似的延伸穿过其的气流的压降。
尽管已经结合优选实施例完全描述了本发明,但明显的是,改型可引入其范围内,不认为应用由这些实施例限制,而是由以下权利要求的内容限制。

Claims (9)

1.一种联合循环发电设备(1),包括:
用于压缩气流的压缩机(2);
燃气涡轮(3);
用于加热所述压缩气体的焚烧器(4),所述焚烧器(4)插置在所述压缩机(2)与所述燃气涡轮(3)之间;
余热回收蒸汽发生器(5),其定位在所述燃气涡轮(3)下游并且构造成使用热排出气体来产生蒸汽;
所述发电设备(1)特征在于,其包括:
同流换热器(6),其位于所述燃气涡轮(3)下游和所述余热回收蒸汽发生器(5)上游;
用于使从所述压缩机(2)离开的压缩气体的气流的一部分流出的流出管线(7),所述流出管线(7)到达所述同流换热器(6);
其中所述同流换热器(6)构造成借助于由所述流出管线(7)传送的所述压缩气体的所述部分降低离开所述燃气涡轮(3)的所述热排出气体的温度。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,所述同流换热器(6)适于将离开所述燃气涡轮(3)的所述热排出气体的所述温度从大约700o降低至大约650o
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,所述同流换热器(6)适于将由所述流出管线(7)传送到所述同流换热器(6)中的所述气流的所述部分的温度从大约480o升高到大约680o
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,所述流出管线(7)构造成抽取为离开所述压缩机(2)的压缩气流的至少25%的气流。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,离开所述同流换热器(6)的流出气流通过所述流出管线(7)喷射到所述焚烧器(3)中。
6.根据前述权利要求所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,所述焚烧器(3)包括单级燃烧器(31)。
7.根据前述权利要求所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,离开所述同流换热器(6)的所述流出气流在所述单级燃烧器(31)上游喷射到所述焚烧器(3)中。
8.根据权利要求1至权利要求5中任一项所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,所述焚烧器(3)包括主燃烧器(32)、再热燃烧器(33)和布置在它们之间的稀释空气混合器(34)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的联合循环发电设备(1),其特征在于,离开所述同流换热器(6)的所述流出气流通过所述流出管线(7)喷射到所述稀释空气混合器(33)中。
CN201510709717.8A 2014-10-28 2015-10-28 联合循环发电设备 Pending CN105545487A (zh)

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